Tragia

Tragia is a genus of flowering plants in the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae. It is widespread across North and South America, Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, the Indian Subcontinent, northern Australia, and to various islands in the Caribbean and in the Indian Ocean.[2][3][4][5][6][7]

For the island, see Tragia (island).

Noseburns
Tragia ramosa, southern Nevada
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Malpighiales
Family: Euphorbiaceae
Subfamily: Acalyphoideae
Tribe: Plukenetieae
Subtribe: Tragiinae
Genus: Tragia
Plum. ex L.
Type species
Tragia volubilis
Synonyms[2]

Plants in this genus are sometimes known as noseburns.[8]

Of the more than 150 species in the genus, around 25 are mentioned as medicinal, with strong antibacterial, antifungal and antiproliferative activity.[9]

These species are used in Siddha medicine, which is practiced by the Tamil people, and is used in curing eczema, fevers, wheezing, and diabetes.

Species[2]
  1. Tragia abortiva – Ethiopia
  2. Tragia acalyphoides – Uzaramo
  3. Tragia adenanthera – Tanzania, Malawi
  4. Tragia adenophila – Paraguay
  5. Tragia affinis – C + S Mexico
  6. Tragia aliena – tropical America
  7. Tragia amblyodonta – Mexico, SW US
  8. Tragia angolensis – Angola, Zambia
  9. Tragia arabica – Ethiopia, Yemen, Saudi Arabia
  10. Tragia arnhemica – Northern Territory
  11. Tragia ashiae – Ethiopia
  12. Tragia aurea – Bolivia
  13. Tragia bahiensis – Brazil, NE Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay
  14. Tragia balfourii – Socotra
  15. Tragia ballyi – Kenya
  16. Tragia baroniana – Madagascar
  17. Tragia benthamii – tropical Africa
  18. Tragia betonicifolia – SC US
  19. Tragia bicolor – S India
  20. Tragia biflora – Hispaniola
  21. Tragia boiviniana – Nosy Be
  22. Tragia bongolana – Sudan
  23. Tragia brevipes – C + E Africa
  24. Tragia brevispica – Texas, Oklahoma, Tamaulipas
  25. Tragia brouniana – Sudan, Ethiopia, Somalia
  26. Tragia capensis – South Africa
  27. Tragia caperonioides – Paraguay
  28. Tragia catamarcensis – Catamarca
  29. Tragia ceanothifolia – Kenya
  30. Tragia cearensis – Ceará
  31. Tragia chevalieri – Benin, Ivory Coast, Nigeria
  32. Tragia chlorocaulon – Bolivia, S Brazil
  33. Tragia cinerea – Ethiopia, Somalia, Eritrea, Kenya
  34. Tragia cocculifolia – Madagascar
  35. Tragia collina – KwaZulu-Natal
  36. Tragia cordata – SE + SC US
  37. Tragia correae – Costa Rica, Panama
  38. Tragia crenata – Ethiopia
  39. Tragia cubensis – Cuba
  40. Tragia cuneata – Bahia
  41. Tragia descampsii – Zaire, Zambia, Tanzania
  42. Tragia dinteri – Namibia
  43. Tragia dioica – southern Africa
  44. Tragia dodecandra – N Argentina
  45. Tragia doryodes – Ethiopia
  46. Tragia durbanensis – S Mozambique, South Africa
  47. Tragia fallacina – Uruguay
  48. Tragia fasciculata – Central African Rep
  49. Tragia finalis – N Queensland
  50. Tragia friesii – Bolivia, NW Argentina
  51. Tragia furialis – SE Africa, Comoros, Madagascar
  52. Tragia gardneri – Zimbabwe
  53. Tragia geraniifolia – SE South America
  54. Tragia giardelliae – S Brazil, Misiones
  55. Tragia glabrescens – Kenya, Tanzania
  56. Tragia glanduligera – Mexico, S Texas
  57. Tragia gracilis – E Cuba
  58. Tragia guatemalensis – Guatemala
  59. Tragia guyanensis – Amazonas in S Venezuela
  60. Tragia hassleriana – Paraguay
  61. Tragia hieronymi – Bolivia, NW Argentina, Paraguay
  62. Tragia hildebrandtii – E Africa
  63. Tragia hispida – Uttarakhand, Nepal, Assam, Bhutan, Bangladesh
  64. Tragia imerinica – Madagascar
  65. Tragia impedita – Kenya, Tanzania
  66. Tragia incana – Uruguay
  67. Tragia incisifolia – southern Africa
  68. Tragia insuavis – Kenya, Tanzania
  69. Tragia involucrata – Indian Subcontinent
  70. Tragia ivohibeensis – Madagascar
  71. Tragia jonesii – NW Mexico
  72. Tragia karsteniana – Colombia
  73. Tragia kirkiana – E + SE Africa
  74. Tragia laciniata – S Arizona, Chihuahua, Sonora
  75. Tragia laminularis – W Africa
  76. Tragia lancifolia – Namibia
  77. Tragia lasiophylla – Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia
  78. Tragia lassia – Madagascar
  79. Tragia leucandra – S Brazil
  80. Tragia lippiifolia – Tanzania
  81. Tragia lukafuensis – Katanga, Zambia
  82. Tragia mazoensis – Zimbabwe
  83. Tragia melochioides – Uruguay, NW Argentina, Paraguay, S Brazil
  84. Tragia mexicana – Mexico, Belize, Guatemala
  85. Tragia meyeriana – southern Africa
  86. Tragia micromenes – Zambia
  87. Tragia mildbraediana – W Africa
  88. Tragia minor – southern Africa
  89. Tragia mitis – Sudan, Ethiopia
  90. Tragia mixta – E Africa
  91. Tragia moammarensis – Yemen
  92. Tragia monadelpha – Guinea
  93. Tragia montana – S India, Sri Lanka
  94. Tragia negeliensis – Ethiopia
  95. Tragia nepetifolia – Mexico, Honduras, SW US
  96. Tragia nigricans – Texas
  97. Tragia novae-hollandiae – Queensland, New South Wales
  98. Tragia okanyua – E + SE + S Africa
  99. Tragia pacifica – Chiapas, Oaxaca, Sinaloa
  100. Tragia paxii – S Brazil, Misiones
  101. Tragia peltata – Rio de Janeiro
  102. Tragia perrieri – Madagascar
  103. Tragia petiolaris – Tanzania, Zambia
  104. Tragia physocarpa – Namibia, Limpopo
  105. Tragia pinnata – Uruguay, NW Argentina, Paraguay, S Brazil
  106. Tragia platycalyx – Singida
  107. Tragia plukenetii – E + C + SC Africa, India, Sri Lanka
  108. Tragia plumieri – Haiti
  109. Tragia pogostemonoides – Tanzania
  110. Tragia pohlii – Goiás
  111. Tragia polyandra – S Brazil, Misiones, Paraguay
  112. Tragia polygonoides – Ivory Coast
  113. Tragia potosina – San Luis Potosí
  114. Tragia praetervisa – S India, Sri Lanka
  115. Tragia preussii – W + C Africa
  116. Tragia prionoides – Zimbabwe, Limpopo
  117. Tragia prostrata – Zambia
  118. Tragia pungens – NE Africa, Yemen, Saudi Arabia
  119. Tragia ramosa – SW + SC US, Nuevo León, Coahuila
  120. Tragia rhodesiae – Zambia, Zimbabwe, Malawi
  121. Tragia rhoicifolia – N Somalia
  122. Tragia rogersii – Limpopo
  123. Tragia rubiginosa – Peru
  124. Tragia rupestris – southern Africa
  125. Tragia sanjappae – S India
  126. Tragia saxicola – S Florida
  127. Tragia schlechteri – KwaZulu-Natal
  128. Tragia schweinfurthii – Ethiopia
  129. Tragia senegalensis – W Africa
  130. Tragia shirensis – Malawi, Mozambique
  131. Tragia smallii – SE US
  132. Tragia sonderi – KwaZulu-Natal, Eswatini
  133. Tragia spathulata – W Africa
  134. Tragia stipularis – Uganda, Tanzania, Zambia
  135. Tragia subhastata – Peru
  136. Tragia subsessilis – Kenya, Tanzania
  137. Tragia tabulaemontana – French Guiana
  138. Tragia tenuifolia – tropical Africa
  139. Tragia tiverneana – Madagascar
  140. Tragia tripartita – Sudan
  141. Tragia tristis – Paraguay, Brazil
  142. Tragia triumfetoides – Ethiopia
  143. Tragia uberabana – SE + SC South America
  144. Tragia ukambensis – Kenya, Uganda
  145. Tragia uncinata – Ethiopia
  146. Tragia urens – SE US
  147. Tragia urticifolia – SE + SC US, Tamaulipas, Campeche
  148. Tragia vogelii – W + C Africa
  149. Tragia volubilis – Mexico, S + C America, W Indies, tropical Africa
  150. Tragia wahlbergiana – Mozambique, Limpopo
  151. Tragia wildemanii – W Africa
  152. Tragia yucatanensis – Yucatán, Belize, Honduras
formerly included[2]

moved to other genera (Acalypha Adenophaedra Alchornea Bia Cleidion Cnesmone Dalechampia Megistostigma Micrococca Microstachys Omphalea Pachystylidium Platygyna Plukenetia Sclerocroton Shirakiopsis Tragiella Zuckertia )

  1. T. alienata – Bia alienata
  2. T. ambigua – Tragiella natalensis
  3. T. anisosepala – Cnesmone anisosepala
  4. T. anomala – Tragiella anomala
  5. T. arborea – Acalypha filiformis
  6. T. bailloniana – Zuckertia cordata
  7. T. bicornis – Microstachys corniculata
  8. T. bracteata – Omphalea bracteata
  9. T. buettneri – Dalechampia ipomoeifolia
  10. T. burmanica – Megistostigma burmanicum
  11. T. castaneifolia – Acalypha integrifolia subsp. marginata
  12. T. chamaelea – Microstachys chamaelea
  13. T. cissoides – Bia alienata
  14. T. colorata – Acalypha integrifolia
  15. T. corniculata – Microstachys corniculata
  16. T. delpyana – Pachystylidium hirsutum
  17. T. dentata (Alain) Alain 1971 not Klotzsch ex Pax & K.Hoffm. 1919 – Platygyna dentata
  18. T. elliptica – Shirakiopsis elliptica
  19. T. fallax – Bia fallax
  20. T. fendleri – Bia fendleri
  21. T. filiformis – Cleidion javanicum
  22. T. frieseana – Tragiella frieseana
  23. T. fruticosa – Acalypha integrifolia
  24. T. gagei – Pachystylidium hirsutum
  25. T. grandifolia – Adenophaedra grandifolia
  26. T. hastata Reinw. ex Hassk. 1868 not (Klotzsch) Müll.Arg. 1874 – Cnesmone javanica
  27. T. hexandra – Platygyna hexandra
  28. T. hirsuta – Pachystylidium hirsutum
  29. T. howardii – Platygyna volubilis
  30. T. innocua Blanco 1845 not Walter 1788 – Alchornea rugosa
  31. T. integerrima – Sclerocroton integerrimus
  32. T. integrifolia – Acalypha integrifolia
  33. T. irritans – Pachystylidium hirsutum
  34. T. japurensis – Bia fendleri
  35. T. laevis – Cnesmone laevis
  36. T. leonis – Platygyna leonis
  37. T. lessertiana – Bia lessertiana
  38. T. lobata – Acalypha integrifolia
  39. T. macrophylla – Cnesmone javanica
  40. T. mairei – Cnesmone mairei
  41. T. marginata – Acalypha integrifolia
  42. T. mercurialis – Micrococca mercurialis
  43. T. natalensis Hochst. – Sclerocroton integerrimus
  44. T. natalensis Sond. – Tragiella natalensis
  45. T. obovata – Platygyna obovata
  46. T. obtusata – Acalypha integrifolia
  47. T. odorata – Acalypha integrifolia
  48. T. parvifolia (Alain) Alain 1971 not Pax 1894 – Platygyna parvifolia
  49. T. philippinensis – Cnesmone philippinensis
  50. T. pilosa – Microstachys corniculata
  51. T. pruricus – Platygyna hexandra
  52. T. reticulata – Acalypha filiformis
  53. T. rugosa – Cnesmone javanica
  54. T. salviifolia – Acalypha salviifolia
  55. T. saxatilis Bojer ex Pax 1924 – Acalypha spachiana
  56. T. schultzeana – Plukenetia africana
  57. T. sellowiana – Bia alienata
  58. T. shankii – Dalechampia shankii
  59. T. tenuis – Acalypha brachystachya
  60. T. triandra Müll.Arg. 1866 – Seidelia triandra
  61. T. triandra (Borhidi) Borhidi 1972 – Platygyna triandra
  62. T. villosa – Acalypha capensis

References
  1. lectotype designated by J. K. Small in N. L. Britton & A. Brown, Ill. Fl. N. U.S. ed. 2, 2: 458 (7 Jun 1913)
  2. Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  3. Govaerts, R., Frodin, D.G. & Radcliffe-Smith, A. (2000). World Checklist and Bibliography of Euphorbiaceae (and Pandaceae) 1–4: 1–1622. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  4. Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution maps
  5. Forzza, R. C. 2010. Lista de espécies Flora do Brasil http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/2010. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro
  6. Martínez Gordillo, M., J. J. Ramírez, R. C. Durán, E. J. Arriaga, R. García, A. Cervantes & R. M. Hernández. 2002. Los géneros de la familia Euphorbiaceae en México. Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. Autón. México, Bot. 73(2): 155–281.
  7. Webster, G. L. & M.J. Huft. 1988. Revised synopsis of Panamanian Euphorbiaceae. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75(3): 1087–1144
  8. USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Tragia". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 14 December 2015.
  9. Duarte-Casar, Rodrigo; Romero-Benavides, Juan Carlos (10 December 2021). "Tragia L. Genus: Ethnopharmacological Use, Phytochemical Composition and Biological Activity". Plants. 10 (12): 2717. doi:10.3390/plants10122717. PMC 8705345. PMID 34961188.
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