Timeline of Israeli history

This is a timeline of modern Israeli history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in Israel and its predecessor states, along with important events which influenced the Zionist movement. To read about the background to these events, see History of Israel. For events predating the Zionist movement, see Timeline of Palestine.

←

 2023
in
Israel

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Decades:
  • 2000s
  • 2010s
  • 2020s
See also:

19th century
YearDateEvent
188215 MayThe Russian emperor Alexander III issued the May Laws, severely restricting the rights of Jews in the Pale of Settlement.
31 JulyFirst Aliyah: Ten Hovevei Zion pioneers from Kharkiv established the city of Rishon LeZion in the Ottoman Empire.
1896FebruaryTheodor Herzl published Der Judenstaat, arguing for the establishment of an independent Jewish state.
189729 AugustFirst Zionist Congress: A congress of some two hundred delegates of zionist organizations, most from Eastern Europe, convened in Basel.
30 AugustFirst Zionist Congress: The Congress adopted the Basel Program, setting out as the goal of the zionist movement the establishment of a Jewish homeland in Palestine.

20th century
YearDateEvent
19172 NovemberBalfour Declaration calls for the establishment of the Jewish Homeland
192025 AprilThe League of Nations assigns Britain the creation of Mandatory Palestine
1939–1945World War II: Germany and the Soviet Union invades Poland and The Holocaust occurred in German-occupied Europe killing 6 million Jews.
194725 NovemberUnited Nations Partition Plan for Palestine that proposed a creation of one Arab state and one Jewish state passes with the Jewish leaders accepted and Arab states rejected the move. A major civil war between the Arab populations and Jewish populations] began shortly after.
194814 MayOn the last day of the British Mandate, David Ben-Gurion, executive head of the World Zionist Organization and chairman of the Jewish Agency for Israel, issued the Israeli Declaration of Independence which declared the establishment of a Jewish state on Mandatory Palestine in the land of Israel to be known as the State of Israel.[1]
15 May1948 Arab–Israeli War: Hours after the expiration of the British Mandate of Palestine, Iraq, Egypt, Jordan and Syria invaded Israel.[2]
194925 January1949 Israeli legislative election: Elections were held to a constituent assembly. Ben-Gurion's center-left Mapai won a plurality of seats.
24 February1948 Arab–Israeli War: The first of the 1949 Armistice Agreements ending the war was signed between Israel and Egypt. An armistice line was agreed along the prewar border with the exception that Egypt remained in control of the Gaza Strip.
8 MarchThe first government of Israel, in which Mapai, the Jewish United Religious Front, the liberal Progressive Party, the Sephardim and Oriental Communities and the Arab Democratic List of Nazareth ruled in coalition with Ben-Gurion as prime minister, was established.
11 MayThe General Assembly of the United Nations adopted United Nations General Assembly Resolution 273, according to which Israel was admitted to membership.[3]
13 DecemberBen-Gurion proclaimed Jerusalem the capital of Israel.[4]
19505 JulyThe Israeli legislature the Knesset passed the Law of Return, which granted all Jews the right to migrate to and settle in Israel and obtain citizenship.
195626 JulySuez Crisis: In a broadcast speech, Egyptian president Gamal Abdel Nasser gave a codeword order for the occupation and nationalization of the Suez Canal and the closure of the Straits of Tiran to Israeli shipping.
29 OctoberSuez Crisis: The Israeli air force began bombing Egyptian forces in the Sinai Peninsula.
196011 MayEight agents of the Israeli internal security service Shin Bet and its foreign intelligence service Mossad abducted Adolf Eichmann, the Nazi officer primarily responsible for the actual implementation of the Holocaust, near his home in San Fernando, Buenos Aires.
1966The martial law imposed on Israeli Arabs from the founding of the State of Israel was lifted completely.
19675 JuneSix-Day War: The Israeli air force destroyed the Egyptian air force on the ground over a period of three hours.
11 JuneSix-Day War: Israel signed a ceasefire with its enemies Egypt, Syria, Jordan, Lebanon and Iraq. It remained in control of the formerly Egyptian Gaza Strip and Sinai Peninsula, the Syrian Golan Heights and the Jordanian West Bank and East Jerusalem.
30 JuneMayor Teddy Kollek of Jerusalem announced that the city had been fully reunified.[5]
197321 FebruaryA Boeing 727-200 serving as Libyan Arab Airlines Flight 114 from Tripoli to Cairo was shot down over the Sinai Peninsula by Israeli fighter aircraft, killing over one hundred passengers and crew.
21 JulyLillehammer affair: A team of fifteen Mossad agents assassinated a Moroccan waiter in Lillehammer in a case of mistaken identity.
6 OctoberYom Kippur War: Egyptian and Syrian forces simultaneously attacked Israeli positions in the Sinai Peninsula and the Golan Heights, respectively, on the Jewish holiday of Yom Kippur.
14 OctoberOperation Nickel Grass: The United States began an airlift of tanks, artillery, ammunition and supplies to Israel.
25 OctoberYom Kippur War: Israel, Egypt and Syria agreed to a ceasefire. Israel remained in control of new territory north of the Golan Heights and west of the Suez Canal in the south.
19764 JulyOperation Entebbe: Sayeret Matkal freed some hundred hostages held at Entebbe International Airport by hijackers belonging to the Palestinian nationalist Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – External Operations and the far-left Revolutionary Cells.
197710 May1977 Israeli Air Force Sikorsky CH-53 Sea Stallion crash: An Israeli Air Force Sikorsky CH-53 Sea Stallion crashed in the Jordan Valley, killing some fifty soldiers.
197817 SeptemberIsrael and Egypt signed the Camp David Accords at the White House. The framework agreement provided for the establishment of an autonomous authority in the West Bank and Gaza Strip and for withdrawal of Israeli forces from the Sinai Peninsula in exchange for the establishment of full diplomatic relations with Egypt.
197926 MarchEgypt and Israel signed the Egypt–Israel peace treaty under the framework of the Camp David Accords at the White House.
198024 FebruaryThe old Israeli shekel replaced the Israeli pound as the currency of Israel.
30 JulyThe Knesset passed the Jerusalem Law, asserting that Jerusalem was and would remain the undivided capital of Israel.
19817 JuneOperation Opera: Israel carried out a surprise air strike on an Iraqi nuclear reactor some ten miles southwest of Baghdad.[6]
198223 AprilThe Israel Defense Forces (IDF) forcibly evacuated Yamit per the terms of the Egypt–Israel peace treaty.
3 JuneShlomo Argov, the Israeli ambassador to the United Kingdom, was shot in the head in London in an attempted assassination organized by Iraq's Iraqi Intelligence Service and carried out by the Palestinian nationalist Abu Nidal Organization.
6 June1982 Lebanon War: The IDF invaded southern Lebanon in response to repeated attacks by the Palestinian nationalist Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), whose militants were sheltered there, on Israeli civilians.
198412 AprilBus 300 affair: Four Palestinian nationalists hijacked a bus from Tel Aviv to Ashkelon and took its forty passengers hostage.
13 AprilBus 300 affair: Sayeret Matkal forces stormed the bus. Two hijackers and one hostage were killed. The two surviving hijackers were taken to a nearby field and shot.
21 NovemberOperation Moses: The first of some eight thousand Ethiopian Jews were covertly evacuated to Israel from refugee camps in Sudan.
19855 JanuaryOperation Moses: Prime minister Shimon Peres confirmed the existence of the airlift. Sudan immediately halted flights.
198730 AugustThe Cabinet voted to cancel development of the IAI Lavi.
9 DecemberFirst Intifada: Protests began in the Jabalia Camp in response to the death of four Palestinian civilians in a car crash with an IDF truck.
198919 SeptemberMount Carmel Forest Fire: A forest fire began on Mount Carmel which would burn over two square miles over the next three days.[7]
199122 JanuaryGulf War: An Iraqi Scud missile landed in Ramat Gan, killing three and injuring nearly a hundred.
24 MayOperation Solomon: An airlift began which would transport some fourteen thousand Ethiopian Jews from Ethiopia to Israel over a thirty-six-hour period.
30 OctoberMadrid Conference of 1991: A conference opened in Madrid with the goal of reviving the Israeli–Palestinian peace process.
199217 DecemberIsrael deported some four hundred Palestinians to Lebanon.
199313 SeptemberIsrael and the PLO signed the Oslo I Accord in Washington, D.C. The accords provided for the withdrawal of some IDF forces from the West Bank and Gaza Strip and for the establishment of a self-governing authority for the Palestinians, the Palestinian National Authority.
199426 OctoberIsrael and Jordan signed the Israel–Jordan peace treaty in the Arabah. The treaty clarified the borders of the two countries and their water rights; each pledged that neither would allow a third country to use its territory to stage an attack on the other.
19954 NovemberAssassination of Yitzhak Rabin: The radical nationalist Yigal Amir, an opponent of the Oslo Accords, shot and killed prime minister Yitzhak Rabin after a rally in Tel Aviv.
19974 February1997 Israeli helicopter disaster: Two transport helicopters en route to southern Lebanon collided in midair above She'ar Yashuv, killing all on board.
14 JulyMaccabiah bridge collapse: A pedestrian bridge collapsed over the Yarkon River in Tel Aviv, killing four.
200024 MayIsrael withdrew the last of its forces from southern Lebanon.
1 OctoberOctober 2000 events: The first of a series of riots began in which thirteen Arabs and one Jew would be killed over nine days.[8]
7 October2000 Hezbollah cross-border raid: The Lebanese Shia Islamist militant group and political party Hezbollah abducted three Israeli soldiers from the Israeli administered side of the Blue Line, the internationally recognized border.[9]

21st century
YearDateEvent
200117 OctoberAssassination of Rehavam Ze'evi: Tourism minister Rehavam Ze'evi was shot at a Jerusalem hotel by Hamdi Quran of the Palestinian nationalist Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine. He died of his injuries that night in hospital.
200223 JuneConstruction of the Israeli West Bank barrier began.[10]
200429 JanuarySome four hundred prisoners, the remains of sixty Lebanese militants and civilians, and maps showing the locations of Israeli mines in southern Lebanon, were transferred to Hezbollah in exchange for the bodies of the three soldiers abducted in 2000, as well as the abducted Israeli reservist Elhanan Tannenbaum.
200512 SeptemberIsraeli disengagement from Gaza: The last Israeli settlers and security personnel were withdrawn from the Gaza Strip.
20064 JanuaryPrime minister Ariel Sharon suffered a severe hemorrhagic stroke and fell into a coma. The designated acting prime minister Ehud Olmert became acting prime minister.
12 July2006 Hezbollah cross-border raid: Hezbollah forces crossed into Israel and ambushed two IDF vehicles, killing three soldiers and capturing two others.
2006 Lebanon War: Israeli forces began shelling Lebanese territory in response to the Hezbollah attack of earlier that morning.
20076 SeptemberOperation Orchard: Israel carried out a surprise air strike on a suspected nuclear reactor in Syria's Deir ez-Zor Governorate.
200827 DecemberGaza War: Israel began conducting a series of airstrikes on assets of the Palestinian Sunni Islamist organization Hamas in the Gaza Strip in response to ongoing rocket fire on the western Negev.
200918 JanuaryGaza War (2008–09): The war ended with a unilateral Israeli ceasefire.
201031 MayGaza flotilla raid: The navy boarded a flotilla organized by the Free Gaza Movement and the Turkish Foundation for Human Rights and Freedoms and Humanitarian Relief, which was attempting to break an Israeli and Egyptian blockade of the Gaza Strip, in international waters. During the takeover, a violent confrontation erupted on board the MV Mavi Marmara in which nine activists were killed.[11][12][13][14]
2 DecemberMount Carmel Forest Fire: A forest fire began on Mount Carmel which would kill forty and burn nearly twenty square miles over the next three days.[15][16][17][18]
201114 July2011 Israeli social justice protests: Filmmaker Daphni Leef set up a tent in Habima Square and invited others to join a protest over the absence of affordable housing.
10 September2011 attack on the Israeli Embassy in Egypt: A crowd of thousands of Egyptian protestors breached the Israeli embassy in Cairo.[19]
18 OctoberGilad Shalit prisoner exchange: Hamas released the Israeli soldier Gilad Shalit to Egypt in exchange for one thousand Palestinian other Arab prisoners held in Israel, including some three hundred serving life sentences for planning and perpetrating terror attacks.[20]
201214 NovemberOperation Pillar of Defense: The IDF began an eight-day anti-Hamas operation in the Gaza Strip, a response to ongoing rocket fire on the western Negev, with an airstrike on the senior officer Ahmed Jabari.
20148 July2014 Israel–Gaza conflict: The IDF launched a series of airstrikes against Hamas targets in the Gaza Strip.
20176 DecemberUnited States recognition of Jerusalem as the capital of Israel: U.S. President Donald Trump formally announces the United States recognition of Jerusalem as the capital of Israel.
201925 MarchUnited States recognition of Israel's sovereignty over the Golan Heights: U.S. President Donald Trump signed a presidential proclamation to officially recognize Israel's sovereignty over the Golan Heights.[21]
202130 April2021 Meron stampede: The deadliest civil disaster in Israel's history.
May2021 Israel–Palestine crisis

See also

References
  1. "Provisional Government of Israel: Official Gazette: Number 1; Tel Aviv, 5 Iyar 5708, 14.5.1948 Page 1: The Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel: Retrieved 5 January 2015". Archived from the original on 14 July 2007. Retrieved 19 March 2016.
  2. Baylis Thomas (1999) How Israel was won: a concise history of the Arab-Israeli conflict Lexington Books, ISBN 0-7391-0064-5 p xiv
  3. UNITED NATIONS: General Assembly: A/RES/273 (III): 11 May 1949: 273 (III). Admission of Israel to membership in the United Nations: Retrieved 5 January 2015 Archived 15 June 2013 at the Wayback Machine
  4. Ben-Gurion, David (5 December 1949). "Statements of the Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion Regarding Moving the Capital of Israel to Jerusalem". The Knesset. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 2 April 2007.
  5. "The Times-News - Google News Archive Search".
  6. Grant, Rebecca. "Osirak and Beyond." Archived 11 October 2008 at the Wayback Machine Air Force Magazine, August 2002. Retrieved: 16 May 2008.
  7. Rudge, David (20 September 1989). "Huge Blaze Raging Out of Control in Mount Carmel National Park 5 Fires Set Deliberately; 8,000 Dunams Destroyed Near Haifa". Jerusalem Post. Archived from the original on 5 November 2012. Retrieved 7 July 2017.
  8. Yair Ettinger. "Extremism isn't Growing, but Fear is". Ha'aretz. Archived from the original on 1 October 2007. Retrieved 20 February 2006.
  9. "Israelis Held by the Hizbullah – October 2000 – January 2004". mfa.gov.il. Archived from the original on 21 April 2013. Retrieved 16 September 2011.
  10. Nissenbaum, Dion (10 January 2007). "Death toll of Israeli civilians killed by Palestinians hit a low in 2006". Washington Bureau. McClatchy Newspapers. Archived from the original on 20 November 2008. Retrieved 16 April 2007. Fewer Israeli civilians died in Palestinian attacks in 2006 than in any year since the Palestinian uprising began in 2000. Palestinian militants killed 23 Israelis and foreign visitors in 2006, down from a high of 289 in 2002 during the height of the uprising. Most significant, successful suicide bombings in Israel nearly came to a halt. Last year, only two Palestinian suicide bombers managed to sneak into Israel for attacks that killed 11 people and wounded 30 others. Israel has gone nearly nine months without a suicide bombing inside its borders, the longest period without such an attack since 2000[...] An Israeli military spokeswoman said one major factor in that success had been Israel's controversial separation barrier, a still-growing 250-mile (400 km) network of concrete walls, high-tech fencing and other obstacles that cuts through parts of the West Bank. 'The security fence was put up to stop terror, and that's what it's doing,' said Capt. Noa Meir, a spokeswoman for the Israel Defense Forces. [...] Opponents of the wall grudgingly acknowledge that it's been effective in stopping bombers, though they complain that its route should have followed the border between Israel and the Palestinian territories known as the Green Line. [...] IDF spokeswoman Meir said Israeli military operations that disrupted militants planning attacks from the West Bank also deserved credit for the drop in Israeli fatalities.
  11. "Israeli assault on Gaza-bound flotilla leaves at least 9 dead" Archived 3 June 2010 at the Wayback Machine. CNN, 31 May 2010
  12. Joshua Mitnick. "Flotilla Assault Spurs Crisis" Archived 3 June 2010 at the Wayback Machine. Wall Street Journal, 31 May 2010
  13. Amos Harel, Avi Issacharoff, Anshel Pfeffer and News Agencies "Navy commandos: Gaza flotilla activists tried to lynch us". Haaretz, 31 May 2010
  14. Edmund Sanders "Israel criticized over raid on Gaza flotilla". Los Angeles Times, 1 June 2010
  15. "We'll evacuate you by force, residents told as Carmel wildfire sweeps towards homes". Haaretz. 3 December 2010.
  16. Ahiya Raved. "Israel's Deadliest Fire Leaves 40 Dead" Archived 20 October 2011 at the Wayback Machine Ynetnews 2 December 2010
  17. Ahiya Raved. "Carmel fire claims 44th victim" Archived 19 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Ynetnews, 18 December 2010
  18. "Carmel fire fully extinguished" Archived 13 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Ynetnews, 6 December 2010
  19. "Egypt declares state of alert in wake of attack on Israeli Embassy". CNN. 24 August 2011. Archived from the original on 11 September 2011. Retrieved 16 September 2011.
  20. "Gilad Shalit release: Palestinian prisoner exchange getting under way". The Guardian. London. 18 October 2011. Archived from the original on 12 February 2017. Retrieved 17 December 2016.
  21. Trump, Donald J. (25 March 2019). "Proclamation on Recognizing the Golan Heights as Part of the State of Israel". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved 25 March 2019 – via National Archives.
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