Bovichtidae

Bovichtidae, the temperate icefishes or thornfishes, is a family of marine ray-finned fishes, classified in the suborder Notothenioidei of the order Perciformes. They are native to coastal waters off Australia, New Zealand, and South America.

Bovichtidae
Cottoperca gobio

Drawing by Angel

Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Perciformes
Suborder: Notothenioidei
Family: Bovichtidae
T. N. Gill, 1861[1]
Genera

see text

Systematics

Bovichtidae was first formally described as a family in 1861 by the American ichthyologist Theodore Nicholas Gill.[1] The family name was spelled Bovichthyidae in the 4th edition of J. S. Nelson's Fishes of the World but has been reverted to Bovichtidae in the 5th edition.[2] Phylogenetic analysis of morphological characters has revealed that the family Bovichtidae may not be a monophyletic group.[3][4] Bovichtidae is one of two families of the suborder Notothenioidei with a primarily non-Antarctic distribution, the other being Pseudaphritidae.[5] The name of the family is taken from its type genus, Bovichtus which is derived from bovus meaning "bull" and ichthys which means fish, based on the local name for Bovichtus species in Valparaiso, Chile, torrito, the “little bull”.[6]

The Bovichtidae is the sister family to the Pseudaphritidae which in turn is sister to the Eleginopidae and these are all sister to the rest of the families in the Notothenoidei which have been placed in the suggested superfamily Cryonotothenioidea.[7] The Bovichtidae are regarded as the most basal family in the suborder.[8]

Genera

Currently, three genera are included in this family, with the catadromous genus Pseudaphritis (Castelnau, 1872) now being placed in its own family, Pseudaphritidae.[9][10][11]

Characteristics

Bovichtidae icefishes are characterised by a protrusible a not very elongated or pronounced snout. The gill membranes not connected to the isthmus and they project quite far forward. There is a single lateral line.[9] They have a long, compressed body with two dorsal fins, the front dorsal fin being spiny. There are no spines in the anal fin. There is a spine on the operculum which may be weak and flattened or robust, long and pointed. There is a single nostril on the snout. There are small conical teeth on the jaws, vomer and palatine. There is no swim bladder.[12]

Distribution and habitat

Bovichtidae species are found in the southern hemisphere where they occur in marine waters off southern South America, southern Australia and New Zealand.[2]

References
  • "Bovichtidae". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 25 March 2006.
  1. Richard van der Laan; William N. Eschmeyer & Ronald Fricke (2014). "Family-group names of Recent fishes". Zootaxa. 3882 (2): 001–230. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3882.1.1. PMID 25543675. Retrieved 9 September 2021.
  2. J. S. Nelson; T. C. Grande; M. V. H. Wilson (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Wiley. p. 464. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6. Archived from the original on 2019-04-08. Retrieved 2021-09-09.
  3. Balushkin, A. V. (1992). "Classification, phylogenetic relationships, and origins of the families of the suborder Notothenioidei (Perciformes)". Journal of Ichthyology. 32: 90–110.
  4. Lecointre, G.; Bonillo, C.; Ouzouf-Costa, C.; Hureau, J-C (1997). "Molecular phylogeny of the Antarctic fishes: paraphyly of the Bovichitidae and no indication for the monophyly of the Notothenioidei (Teleostei)" (PDF). Polar Biology. 18: 193–208. doi:10.1007/s003000050176. S2CID 30030488.
  5. Eastman, Joseph (1993). "Pseudaphritidae". Antarctic Fish Biology: Evolution in a Unique Environment. Academic Press Inc. San Diego, California. ISBN 978-0122281402.
  6. Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara, eds. (12 April 2021). "Order Perciformes: Suborder Notothenoididei: Families Bovichtidae, Pseaudaphritidae, Elegopinidae, Nototheniidae, Harpagiferidae, Artedidraconidae, Bathydraconidae, Channichthyidae and Percophidae". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 10 September 2021.
  7. Thomas J. Near; Ava Ghezelayagh; F. Patricio Ojeda; Alex Dornburg (2019). "Recent diversification in an ancient lineage of Notothenioid fishes (Bovichtus: Notothenioidei)". Polar Biology. 42 (5): 943–952. doi:10.1007/s00300-019-02489-1. S2CID 85455434.
  8. Joseph T. Eastman (1993). "Bovichtidae". Antarctic Fish Biology: Evolution in a Unique Environment. Academic Press. p. 68. ISBN 978-0-12-228140-2.
  9. Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2021). "Bovichtidae" in FishBase. June 2021 version.
  10. Eastman, J. T.; Eakin, R. R. (2000). "An updated species list for notothenioid fish (Perciformes; Notothenioidei), with comments on Antarctic species". Archive of Fishery and Marine Research. 48 (1): 11–20.
  11. Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Bovichtidae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 9 September 2021.
  12. O. Gon (1990). "Bovichtidae Thornfishes". In O. Gon and P.C. Heemstra (eds.). Fishes of the Southern Ocean. South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity. ISBN 9780868102115.
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