Texas Instruments Graphics Architecture
Texas Instruments Graphics Architecture (TIGA) is a graphics interface standard created by Texas Instruments that defined the software interface to graphics processors.[1] Using this standard, any software written for TIGA should work correctly on a TIGA-compliant graphics interface card.[2]
| Release date | 1989 |
|---|---|
| Architecture | TMS34010, TMS34020 |
| Cards | |
| Entry-level | TIGA-340 (TMS34010 Graphics System Processors based) |
| Mid-range | Number Nine Visual Technology Peeper and GX series, Hercules Graphics Station and Chrome, Texas Instruments TIGA Diamond and TIGA Star |
| History | |
| Predecessor | VGA |
| Successor | VESA, Super VGA |
The TIGA standard is independent of resolution and color depth which provides a certain degree of future proofing. This standard was designed for high-end graphics. However, TIGA was not widely adopted. Instead, VESA and Super VGA became the de facto standard for PC graphics devices after the VGA. Texas Instrument's TMS34010 and TMS34020 Graphics System Processors (GSP) were the original TIGA-compliant graphics processors.[3][4]
Clone Hardware
The primary manufacturers of mainstream TIGA cards for the PC clone market included Number Nine Visual Technology and Hercules. Number Nine Visual Technology graphics cards using Texas Instruments' TIGA co-processors were made from about 1986 to 1992, including the Pepper and GX series.[5][6][7] Hercules manufactured cards such as the Graphics Station and Chrome lines which were marketed primarily toward users of Microsoft Windows.[8][9][10]
Desktop Computing AGA 1024 card was capable of emulating TIGA standards, besides IBM 8514.[11]
In the early 1990s, Texas Instruments France (which had marketing control for TIGA architecture and GSP chipsets in Europe) experimented with manufacturing and selling its own range of consumer oriented video cards based on TIGA and aimed at speeding up the user experience of Windows. These products were named TIGA Diamond (34020 based) and TIGA Star (34010 based), and provided a platform for selling TI DRAM and video palette chips as well as the GSP chips themselves.[12]
Impact
Despite the superiority of the technology in comparison to typical Super VGA cards of the era, the relatively high cost and emerging local bus graphics standards meant that IT distributors and PC manufacturers could not see a niche for these products at consumer level.
The (limited) success of the graphics cards paved the way for products based upon various derivatives and clones of IBM's 8514 architecture. Part of the effort to make graphics accelerators useful required TI to convince Microsoft that the internal interfaces to its Windows Operating System had to be adaptable instead of hard-coded. Indeed, all versions of Windows prior to Windows 3.0 were "hard-coded" to specific graphics hardware.
References
- TMS340 Interface User's Guide (PDF). Texas Instruments. 1990.
- TMS340 FAMILY GRAPHICS LIBRARY USER'S GUIDE (PDF). Texas Instruments. 1990.
- Corcoran, Cate (December 16, 1991). "Rocket-Fuel, Jet-Fuel speed SCO Open Desktop". InfoWorld. p. 32.
- Poor, Alfred (June 25, 1991). "Cover Story: Graphics Adapters". PC Magazine.
- Peddie, Jon (13 May 2019). "Famous Graphics Chips: Number Nine's Imagine 128". IEEE Computer Society. Retrieved 2023-03-07.
- Pane, Patricia (November 20, 1989). "Number Nine Announces Series of Graphics Cards". InfoWorld. p. 26.
- Huth, Michael. "Number Nine GXiTC". retronn.de. Retrieved 2023-03-07.
- Benford, Tom (October 1992). "Hercules Graphics Station Gold 16". COMPUTE!. No. 145. p. 118.
- Unger, Tom (January 15, 1991). "Hercules Graphics Station Card". PC Magazine. p. 187.
- "Hercules advert". PC Magazine. February 26, 1991. p. 228.
- Ross, Matthew (May 15, 1990). "New and Improved - Improved AGA 1024". PC Magazine. p. 56.
- Axel (2017-01-04). "TIGA - The basic stuff". GeekDot. Retrieved 2022-12-15.