Spinifex (coastal grass)

Spinifex
	Spinifex longifolius ; Grant Marine Park; Cottesloe, Western Australia.
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Monocots
Clade:	Commelinids
Order:	Poales
Family:	Poaceae
Subfamily:	Panicoideae
Subtribe:	Cenchrinae
Genus:	Spinifex; L.
Type species
	Spinifex squarrosus; (syn of S. littoreus)[1]; L.
Synonyms[1]
	Ixalum G.Forst;

Spinifex is a genus of perennial coastal plants in the grass family.[2][3][4][5]

Spinifex seed head, resting on the beach.

They are one of the most common plants that grow in sand dunes along the coasts of Africa, Middle East, Asia, Australia, New Zealand, and New Caledonia, with the ranges of some species extending north and west along the coasts of Asia as far as India and Japan.[6] As they help stabilise the sand, these grasses are an important part of the entire sand dune ecosystem. The single species indigenous to New Zealand, Spinifex sericeus,[7] is also found in Australia.[8]

Confusingly, the word "spinifex" is also used as a common name referring to grasses in the related genus Triodia. Triodia however is native to inland Australia and refers to a group of spiny-leaved, tussock-forming grasses.

Species

Species include:[1][9]

Spinifex × alterniflorus Nees – Western Australia
Spinifex hirsutus Labill. – all 6 states of Australia
Spinifex littoreus (Burm.f.) Merr. – Ashmore Reef in Western Australia; New Guinea, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Indochina, Indian subcontinent, China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan), Taiwan, Japan including Ryukyu Islands
Spinifex longifolius R.Br. – Thailand, Indonesia, New Guinea, Queensland, Northern Territory, Western Australia, South Australia
Spinifex sericeus R.Br. – all 6 states of Australia plus Norfolk Island, New Zealand, New Caledonia, Tonga

Formerly included

Species formerly included:[1]

Spinifex paradoxus (now Zygochloa paradoxa)

References

Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
Linnaeus, Carl von. 1771. Mantissa Plantarum 163, 300
Tropicos, Spinifex L.
Flora of China Vol. 22 Page 553 鬣刺属 lie ci shu Spinifex Linnaeus, Mant. Pl. 2: 163, 300. 1771.
"Atlas of Living Australia Spinifex L." Archived from the original on 14 May 2016. Retrieved 23 February 2015.
"Sand spinifex grass (Spinifex sericeus)" (PDF). Descriptions of Major Dune Plants. Beach Protection Authority, Queensland. Retrieved 23 January 2010.
Mark, Alan F. (1 March 2009). "Grasslands - Spinifex". Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Retrieved 31 January 2010.
Webb, C.J.; Sykes, W.R.; Garnock-Jones, P.J. (1988). Flora of New Zealand Volume IV. Botany Division, Department of Scientific and Industrial Research.
The Plant List search for Spinifex

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[s-1] Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families

[2] Linnaeus, Carl von. 1771. Mantissa Plantarum 163, 300

[3] Tropicos, Spinifex L.

[4] Flora of China Vol. 22 Page 553 鬣刺属 lie ci shu Spinifex Linnaeus, Mant. Pl. 2: 163, 300. 1771.

[5] "Atlas of Living Australia Spinifex L." Archived from the original on 14 May 2016. Retrieved 23 February 2015.

[6] "Sand spinifex grass (Spinifex sericeus)" (PDF). Descriptions of Major Dune Plants. Beach Protection Authority, Queensland. Retrieved 23 January 2010.

[7] Mark, Alan F. (1 March 2009). "Grasslands - Spinifex". Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Retrieved 31 January 2010.

[8] Webb, C.J.; Sykes, W.R.; Garnock-Jones, P.J. (1988). Flora of New Zealand Volume IV. Botany Division, Department of Scientific and Industrial Research.

[9] The Plant List search for Spinifex