Saint-Louis-class cruiser

Little remains of the original documentation for the C5 program but a document from 12 May 1939 listed two plans (likely) for competitive evaluation. One plan was to be called A3 for "Aviation 3", with two seaplanes. The second plan was to be called SA1 for "Sans-Aviation 1" that was proposed without naval aviation facilities. Both designs would be based on Algérie, such as a flush deck, bridge tower structure and protection. The major innovation of the C5 over the C4 was the adoption of three triple mounted 203 mm (8 in) guns., which was influenced by the De Grasse-class light cruisers. This gave the C5, not only a single gun advantage over most contemporary heavy cruiser designs, which usually had an eight gun 4 × 2 gun configuration, but also reduced the necessary centreline length required by eliminating one turret. This allowed for additional anti-aircraft guns (in the case of the SA1 design) or an enlarged seaplane hangar (in the case of the A3 design).[3]

The C5 program also required the incorporation of two newly developed anti-aircraft systems, the dual-purpose Canon de 100 mm Modèle 1933, which would never see service (it was also planned for the De Grasse-class light cruisers and the Le Fier-class torpedo boats), and the advanced Canon de 37 mm Modèle 1935 ACAD (automatique contre-avions double). The ACAD was a fully automatic twin 37 mm gun system, loaded from an underground ammunition lobby beneath the fully enclosed power-trained (but not elevated) turret. Firing from six-round magazines, the guns fired high-sensitivity projectiles 825 mps at 165-172 rounds per minute with a firing pressure of 3,000 kg/cm. This high rate of fire and high pressure on the gun also meant the ACAD had a very short barrel life of approximately 600 rounds. To eliminate issues of flash and vibration in aiming experienced by on-mount sights, the guns were directed by a 2-metre rangefinger mounted a separate fire control tower which aimed and fired the gun. A single gun prototype of the ACAD was mounted on Amiens in 1939 which provided covering anti-aircraft fire for retreating British Expeditionary Force during the Battle of Dunkirk.[4]

The primary difference between the A3 and SA1 designs was the use of space aft of the ship's funnel. The "A3" design utilized this space for two Loire 130 and two seaplane catapults, with a lift and rest position between them. A rotating platform between the catapults also allowed the seaplanes on trolleys to be manoeuvred directly onto the catapult without the use of cranes. This was the same system on the De Grasse and Dunkerque classes. Twin fifteen-metre (49 ft) cranes were to be used to recover the seaplanes from the water.

The "SA1" plan conversely did not possess any aircraft facilities. Instead the space where the A3 design used as aircraft facilities was used for two more 37 mm ACAD turrets and two more twin 100 mm/45 positions. Absent from the A3 design, four quadruple Hotchkiss M1929 machine gun positions were located on the corners of the shelter deck, as with the Algérie. These significantly increased the SA1 anti-aircraft capabilities over the A3 design. The trade-off between the designs was an increase in internal volume needed for the additional 100 and 37 mm armoured ammunition magazines by 3.5 m and increasing the weight of the SA1 design by over 100 tons. The additional anti-aircraft guns would also require more crew and accommodations than the aviation focused A3 design.