SPI1

Transcription factor PU.1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SPI1 gene.[5]

SPI1
Available structures
PDBOrtholog search: PDBe RCSB
Identifiers
AliasesSPI1, OF, PU.1, SFPI1, SPI-1, SPI-A, Spi-1 proto-oncogene, AGM10
External IDsOMIM: 165170 MGI: 98282 HomoloGene: 2346 GeneCards: SPI1
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

6688

20375

Ensembl

ENSG00000066336

ENSMUSG00000002111

UniProt

P17947

P17433

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_001080547
NM_003120

NM_011355
NM_001378898
NM_001378899

RefSeq (protein)

NP_001074016
NP_003111

NP_035485
NP_001365827
NP_001365828

Location (UCSC)Chr 11: 47.35 – 47.38 MbChr 2: 90.91 – 90.95 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

Function

This gene encodes an ETS-domain transcription factor that activates gene expression during myeloid and B-lymphoid cell development.[6] The nuclear protein binds to a purine-rich sequence known as the PU-box found on enhancers of target genes, and regulates their expression in coordination with other transcription factors and cofactors. The protein can also regulate alternative splicing of target genes. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[7]

The PU.1 transcription factor is essential for hematopoiesis and cell fate decisions. PU.1 can physically interact with a variety of regulatory factors like TFIID, GATA-2, GATA-1 and c-Jun. The protein-protein interactions between these factors can regulate PU.1-dependent cell fate decisions. PU.1 can modulate the expression of 3000 genes in hematopoietic cells including cytokines. It is expressed in monocytes, granulocytes, B and NK cells but is absent in T cells, reticulocytes and megakaryocytes. Its transcription is regulated by various mechanisms .[8]

PU.1 is an essential regulator of the pro-fibrotic system. In fibrotic conditions, PU.1 expression is perturbed in fibrotic diseases, resulting in upregulation of fibrosis-associated genes sets in fibroblasts. Disruption of PU.1 in fibrotic fibroblasts leads to them returning into their resting state from pro-fibrotic fibroblasts. PU.1 is seen to be highly expressed in extracellular matrix producing-fibrotic fibroblasts while it is downregulated in inflammatory/ ECM degrading and resting fibroblasts. The majority of the cells expressing PU.1 in fibrotic conditions remain to be fibroblasts with a few infiltrating lymphocytes. PU.1 induces the polarization of resting and inflammatory fibroblasts into fibrotic fibroblasts.[9]

Structure

The ETS domain is the DNA-binding module of PU.1 and other ETS-family transcription factors.

Interactions

SPI1 has been shown to interact with:

References
  1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000066336 - Ensembl, May 2017
  2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000002111 - Ensembl, May 2017
  3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. Ray D, Culine S, Tavitain A, Moreau-Gachelin F (May 1990). "The human homologue of the putative proto-oncogene Spi-1: characterization and expression in tumors". Oncogene. 5 (5): 663–668. PMID 1693183.
  6. Oikawa T, Yamada T, Kihara-Negishi F, Yamamoto H, Kondoh N, Hitomi Y, Hashimoto Y (July 1999). "The role of Ets family transcription factor PU.1 in hematopoietic cell differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis". Cell Death and Differentiation. 6 (7): 599–608. doi:10.1038/sj.cdd.4400534. PMID 10453070.
  7. "Entrez Gene: SPI1 spleen focus forming virus (SFFV) proviral integration oncogene spi1".
  8. Burda P, Laslo P, Stopka T (July 2010). "The role of PU.1 and GATA-1 transcription factors during normal and leukemogenic hematopoiesis". Leukemia. 24 (7): 1249–1257. doi:10.1038/leu.2010.104. PMID 20520638.
  9. Wohlfahrt T, Rauber S, Uebe S, Luber M, Soare A, Ekici A, et al. (February 2019). "PU.1 controls fibroblast polarization and tissue fibrosis". Nature. 566 (7744): 344–349. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-0896-x. PMC 6526281. PMID 30700907.
  10. Hallier M, Lerga A, Barnache S, Tavitian A, Moreau-Gachelin F (February 1998). "The transcription factor Spi-1/PU.1 interacts with the potential splicing factor TLS". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 273 (9): 4838–4842. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.9.4838. PMID 9478924.
  11. Zhang P, Behre G, Pan J, Iwama A, Wara-Aswapati N, Radomska HS, et al. (July 1999). "Negative cross-talk between hematopoietic regulators: GATA proteins repress PU.1". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 96 (15): 8705–8710. Bibcode:1999PNAS...96.8705Z. doi:10.1073/pnas.96.15.8705. PMC 17580. PMID 10411939.
  12. Brass AL, Zhu AQ, Singh H (February 1999). "Assembly requirements of PU.1-Pip (IRF-4) activator complexes: inhibiting function in vivo using fused dimers". The EMBO Journal. 18 (4): 977–991. doi:10.1093/emboj/18.4.977. PMC 1171190. PMID 10022840.
  13. Escalante CR, Shen L, Escalante MC, Brass AL, Edwards TA, Singh H, Aggarwal AK (July 2002). "Crystallization and characterization of PU.1/IRF-4/DNA ternary complex". Journal of Structural Biology. 139 (1): 55–59. doi:10.1016/s1047-8477(02)00514-2. PMID 12372320.
  14. Hallier M, Tavitian A, Moreau-Gachelin F (May 1996). "The transcription factor Spi-1/PU.1 binds RNA and interferes with the RNA-binding protein p54nrb". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 271 (19): 11177–11181. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.19.11177. PMID 8626664.

Further reading
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