Rudolf Levy

Rudolf Levy (15 July 1875, in Stettin – January 1944, in Italy or Auschwitz) was a German expressionist painter of Jewish ancestry.

Self-portrait (1943)

Life

He came from an Orthodox family. While he was still a boy, they moved to Danzig, where he grew up. After completing his primary education, he was apprenticed to a carpenter. His parents were strongly opposed to his desires to become an artist but, in 1895, he enrolled at the Academy of Fine Arts, Karlsruhe.[1]

In 1897, he and his friend, Hans Purrmann, went to Munich to open a studio. While there, he continued his studies at the Academy of Fine Arts, Munich with Nikolaus Gysis then, in 1899, took lessons at the private art school operated by Heinrich Knirr and studied plein aire painting with Heinrich von Zügel. He also became a member of a cultural association known as "Sturmfackel" (a type of poppy), that met at the Café Stefanie. In the fall of 1903, he went to Paris and established a circle of German-speaking artists who met at Le Dôme Café.[1] Two years later, he participated in the third exhibition of the Salon d'Automne at the Grand Palais. In 1907, he worked at the newly founded teaching studios of Henri Matisse. Between 1910 and 1913, he made regular trips to the south of France and Tunisia.[2]

During the First World War, he volunteered and fought as a German soldier in Artois and Flanders. He was awarded the Iron Cross in 1915. After the war, he returned to Germany and married Eugenie Schindler (1894-1953), a photographer and actress who went by the name Genia Morelli.[3] They eventually settled in Berlin and, in 1922, he had his first solo exhibition, arranged by Alfred Flechtheim. From 1924 to 1926, he was back in Paris, serving as Flechtheim's agent. In 1928, he became a member of the Berlin Secession and served on its board of directors.

Five years later, due to the increasing persecution of Jews in Germany, he went to Rapallo, Italy, where he stayed with his friend and student, Bob Gesinus-Visser (1898-1978). In 1935, he went to Mallorca. After the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War, he went to New York to stay with his friend, the actor Erik Charell. He did not want to stay there, however, and went back to Europe; first to Dubrovnik, then Ischia, where he lived at the artists' colony. He supported himself with occasional painting sales and financial aid from his family, including his now ex-wife, Genia.

In 1937, his works were placed on the Nazi list of Degenerate Art.[4][5] After World War II began, his residence permit was cancelled and he had to leave Ischia. Charell worked hard to obtain a visa for him to return to the United States or seek refuge in South America, but to no avail. In 1940, he was able to find a place to stay with friends in Florence.[6] After the German Army occupied Italy in 1943, he had to go underground.[7]

In December of that year, he was lured into a trap by SS agents pretending they were art buyers. He was arrested by the Gestapo, briefly imprisoned at Le Murate, then placed on a transport to Auschwitz. It is generally believed that he died while in transit, but may have survived until reaching there.

Selected paintings
  • Paris
    Paris
  • Still-life with Yellow Vase
    Still-life with Yellow Vase
  • Woman from Ischia
    Woman from Ischia
  • The Port of Marseilles
    The Port of Marseilles
  • Portrait of Nanda (Florence)
    Portrait of Nanda (Florence)

References
  1. Thesing, Susanne (2003). "Levy, Rudolf". Grove Art Online. doi:10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.t050766. ISBN 978-1-884446-05-4. Retrieved 2021-07-03.
  2. Klaus und Erika Mann, Das Buch von der Riviera. Reprint from the original edition of 1931, Rowohlt 2004 ISBN 978-3-499-23667-9
  3. Deutsche Biographie: Genia Morelli
  4. Verschollene Werke Rudolf Levy: Missing and/or degenerate Archived 2015-05-18 at the Wayback Machine
  5. Phaidon Encyclopedia of Art and Artists. Phaidon. 1978. pp. 389, 563. ISBN 978-0-7148-1513-8.
  6. Hans Purrmann, Florenz 1935-1943
  7. Zeittafel: Italien 1938 - 1945 Archived 2015-05-18 at the Wayback Machine

Further reading
  • Susanne Thesing (1985), "Levy, Rudolf", Neue Deutsche Biographie (in German), vol. 14, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 405–406; (full text online)
  • Susanne Thesing, Manfred Rothenberger, Heinz Neidel: Rudolf Levy (1875-1944). Leben und Werk. Verlag für Moderne Kunst, Nürnberg 1990 ISBN 3-922531-89-X
  • Rudolf Levy. Ölbilder. Katalog der Gedächtnis-Ausstellung 20 February-26 March 1959 in the Frankfurter Kunstkabinett.
  • Friedrich Ahlers-Hestermann: Kunst und Künstler. Der deutsche Künstlerkreis des Café du Dôme in Paris, Berlin 1918, Pgs.369-404
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