Przedecz
Przedecz ([ˈpʂɛdɛt͡ʂ]; German: Moosburg) is a historic town in Koło County in the Greater Poland Voivodeship of Poland, with 1,779 inhabitants (2006).
Przedecz | |
|---|---|
 Church of the Holy Family in Przedecz | |
 Coat of arms | |
  Przedecz | |
| Coordinates: 52°20′02″N 18°53′56″E | |
| Country |  Poland |
| Voivodeship | Greater Poland |
| County | Koło |
| Gmina | Przedecz |
| First mentioned | 1136 |
| Town rights | 1365 |
| Area | |
| • Total | 2.98 km2 (1.15 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 112 m (367 ft) |
| Population (2006) | |
| • Total | 1,771 |
| • Density | 590/km2 (1,500/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 62-635 |
| Vehicle registration | PKL |
Geography
The town is situated in central Poland, midway between Chodecz and Kłodawa. It is located about 75 km (47 mi) northwest of Łódź, 150 km (93 mi) west of Warsaw and 130 km (81 mi) east of Poznań.
The southeast side of Przedecz borders on the shore of Lake Przedecz. Nearby is one of the sources of the Noteć river.
History
Przedecz was founded in the 11th or early 12th century, and was first mentioned in 1136 deed issued by Pope Innocent II, denoting the settlement as a possession held by the Polish Archbishops of Gniezno. With the historic Kujawy region, the fortified town was conquered by the Teutonic Knights during the First Polish–Teutonic War in 1329. The Teutonic Knights murdered the town's defenders.[1] Re-acquired by King Casimir III the Great upon the 1343 Treaty of Kalisz, municipal laws were introduced in 1365 and Przedecz obtained the status of a royal city of the Polish Crown. Administratively it was located in the Brześć Kujawski Voivodeship in the Greater Poland Province of the Polish Crown. A castle with a round tower dating from that time was reconstructed in the 1970s.[2] The city rights were confirmed according to Magdeburg town law by King Władysław II Jagiełło in 1420.
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During the mid-17th-century Swedish Deluge campaigns, castle and town were burnt down completely. Upon the Second Partition of Poland in 1793, Przedecz was occupied by Prussian forces and incorporated into the newly established South Prussia province; it passed to the Napoleonic Duchy of Warsaw in 1807 and to Russian Congress Poland in 1815. From about 1824, a Protestant church was built by German settlers on the ruins of the medieval castle. The present town hall, a Neoclassical building, was erected in 1826. Other sites of interest comprise the early twentieth century Neo-Gothic parish church of the Holy Family[2] by renown Polish architect Józef Pius Dziekoński. During the January Uprising, in February 1863, after the Russian regiment left the town, a Polish insurgent unit arrived, took over the local weapons storage and took 10 Russian prisoners of war.[3] Przedecz was stripped of its town rights in 1867 as punishment for the Polish January Uprising. The town rights were restored in 1919,[2] shortly after Poland regained independence in 1918.
During the German occupation of Poland (World War II), the Jewish community of Przedecz, numbering around 800 and comprising about 25 percent of the town's residents, was wiped out by the occupants. Some were murdered in the town; most were sent to the Chełmno extermination camp where they were immediately gassed. There were only 13 known survivors but none returned to the town to live. Several historic buildings used by the community remain. In June 1940, 360 Poles were expelled from Przedecz, mostly to the General Government, while 50 Poles were deported to forced labour to Germany, and their houses, shops and workshops were then handed over to German colonists as part of the Lebensraum policy.[4]
Notable people
- Władysław Umiński (1865–1954), author[6]: 118
- Stefan Wyszynski (1901–1981), Cardinal, Archbishop of Gniezno and Warsaw, Primate of Poland.
References
- Strzyż, Piotr (2009). Płowce 1331 (in Polish). Warszawa: Bellona. p. 176. ISBN 978-83-11-11635-1.
- Przedecz.net - Nieoficjalny Serwis Miasta Przedecz
- Zieliński, Stanisław (1913). Bitwy i potyczki 1863-1864. Na podstawie materyałów drukowanych i rękopiśmiennych Muzeum Narodowego w Rapperswilu (in Polish). Rapperswil: Fundusz Wydawniczy Muzeum Narodowego w Rapperswilu. p. 23.
- Wardzyńska, Maria (2017). Wysiedlenia ludności polskiej z okupowanych ziem polskich włączonych do III Rzeszy w latach 1939-1945 (in Polish). Warszawa: IPN. pp. 226, 230. ISBN 978-83-8098-174-4.
- "Baszta Przedecz - strona klubu" (in Polish). Retrieved 5 September 2020.
- Umiński, Józef Mirosław (1997). Dla ciebie, Polsko: dzieje rodu Umińskich (in Polish). Kontrast. ISBN 978-83-904712-4-2.
External links
