Protomonaxonida
Protomonaxonida is an extinct order of sea sponges. It is a paraphyletic group gathering the most ancient species from the Burgess Shale to modern sponges.
| Protomonaxonida Temporal range: | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Porifera |
| Class: | Demospongiae |
| Order: | †Protomonaxonida Finks et al. 2004[1] |
| Families | |
| |
Families and genera
- Family †Choiidae Laubenfels, 1925
- Family †Halichondritidae Rigby, 1986[4]
- Genus †Halichondrites Walcott, 1920[3]
- Genus †Pohlispongia Rigby & von Bitter, 2005[5]
- Family †Hamptoniidae De Laubenfels, 1955
- Genus †Hamptonia Walcott, 1920[3]
- Genus †Hamptoniella Rigby & Collins, 2004[6]
- Family †Hazeliidae De Laubenfels, 1955
- Genus †Crumillospongia Rigby, 1986[4]
- Genus †Falospongia Rigby, 1986[4]
- Genus †Hazelia Walcott, 1920[3]
- Family †Leptomitidae De Laubenfels, 1955
- Genus †Leptomitus Walcott, 1886
- Genus †Paraleptomitella Chen et al., 1989
- Genus †Pseudoleptomitus Botting et al., 2019[7]
- Genus †Wareiella Rigby & Harris, 1979
- Genus †Lobatospongia Rigby et al., 2007
- Family †Piraniidae De Laubenfels, 1955
- Family †Takakkawiidae De Laubenfels, 1955
- Genus †Takakkawia Walcott, 1920[3]
- Family †Ulospongiellidae Rigby & Collins, 2004[6]
- Genus †Hapalospongia Rigby & Collins, 2004[6]
- Genus †Ulospongiella Rigby & Collins, 2004[6]
- Family †Wapkiidae De Laubenfels, 1955
The following families from the order Hadromerida are also sometimes placed in Protomonaxonida:
- Family Sollasellidae von Lendenfeld, 1887
- Genus †Luterospongia Rigby et al., 2008
- Genus †Mckittrickella Rigby et al., 2007
- Genus †Monaxoradiata Rigby & Bell, 2006
- Genus †Opetionella Zittel, 1878
- Genus †Rhizopsis Schrammen, 1910
- Genus †Stramentella Gerasimov, 1960
- Genus †Trichospongiella Rigby, 1971
- Family Tethyidae Gray, 1867
- Genus Tethya Lamarck, 1814
References
- Porifera (Demospongea, Hexactinellida, Heteractinida, Calcarea). Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology Part E, Revised E(3), R. M. Finks, R. E. H. Reid, and J. K. Rigby. 2004, pages 1-872
- Rigby, J. K.; Hou, X.-G. (1995). "Lower Cambrian demosponges and hexactinellid sponges from Yunnan, China". Journal of Paleontology. 69 (6): 1009–1019. doi:10.1017/S0022336000037999. JSTOR 1306406.
- Walcott, C. D. (1920). "Cambrian geology and paleontology IV:6—Middle Cambrian Spongiae". Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections. 67: 261–364.
- Rigby, J. K. (1986). "Sponges of the Burgess shale (Middle Cambrian), British Columbia". Palaeontographica Canadiana (2).
- Rigby, J. K.; von Bitter, P. (2005). "Sponges and associated fossils from the Pennsylvanian Carbondale Formation of northwestern Illinois". Journal of Paleontology. 79 (3): 460–468. doi:10.1666/0022-3360(2005)079<0460:SAAFFT>2.0.CO;2.
- Rigby, J. K.; Collins, D. (2004). "Sponges of the Middle Cambrian Burgess Shale and Stephen Formations, British Columbia". ROM contributions in science. 1. ISBN 0-88854-443-X. ISSN 1710-7768.
- Botting, Joseph P.; Brayard, Arnaud; the Paris Biota Team (2019). "A late-surviving Triassic protomonaxonid sponge from the Paris Biota (Bear Lake County, Idaho, USA)". Geobios. 54: 5–11. Bibcode:2019Geobi..54....5B. doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2019.04.006. S2CID 146559079.
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