Pedro Lascuráin
Pedro José Domingo de la Calzada Manuel María Lascuráin Paredes (8 May 1856 – 21 July 1952)[1][2] was a Mexican politician who served as the 38th president of Mexico for 45 minutes on February 19, 1913, the shortest presidency in history. He had earlier served as Mexico's foreign secretary for two terms and was the director of a small law school in Mexico City for sixteen years. He was the grandson of 15th President of Mexico Mariano Paredes y Arrillaga.
Pedro Lascuráin | |
|---|---|
.jpg.webp) Pedro Lascuráin, c. 1910-14 | |
| 38th President of Mexico | |
| In office 19 February 1913 (c. 45 minutes) – 19 February 1913 | |
| Vice President | Vacant[lower-alpha 1] |
| Preceded by | Francisco I. Madero |
| Succeeded by | Victoriano Huerta |
| Secretary of Foreign Affairs | |
| In office 10 April 1912 – 19 February 1913 | |
| President | Francisco I. Madero |
| Preceded by | Manuel Calero y Sierra |
| Succeeded by | Federico Gamboa |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Pedro José Domingo de la Calzada Manuel María Lascuráin Paredes 8 May 1856 Mexico City, Mexico |
| Died | 21 July 1952 (aged 96) Mexico City, Mexico |
| Resting place | Panteón Francés |
| Spouse | María Flores |
Early life
Pedro Lascuráin was born in 1856 in the Rancho la Romita (now Colonia Roma) in Mexico City. He was the son of Francisco Lascuráin Icaza and Ana Paredes Cortés.[2] His family was wealthy and very religious. His family was of Basque origin by maternal line, established in Mexico in the early nineteenth century. His maternal grandfather was Mariano Paredes y Arrillaga, who served as the 15th President of Mexico from 1845 to 1846.[3][4]
Early career
Lascuráin received a law degree in 1880 from the Escuela Nacional de Jurisprudencia (National School of Jurisprudence) in Mexico City. He was mayor of Mexico City in 1910 when Francisco I. Madero began a campaign against the re-election of Porfirio Díaz. Lascuráin was a supporter of Madero, and after Madero was elected president to replace Díaz, Lascuráin served twice as foreign secretary in Madero's cabinet (10 April 1912 to 4 December 1912 and 15 January 1913 to 19 February 1913). In between the two terms, he again became mayor of the Mexico City. As foreign secretary, he had to deal with the demands of U.S. Ambassador Henry Lane Wilson.
Presidency
On 19 February 1913, General Victoriano Huerta overthrew Madero. Lascuráin was one of the people who convinced Madero to resign the presidency while he was being held prisoner in the National Palace and claimed that his life was in danger if he refused.
Under the 1857 Constitution of Mexico, the vice-president, the attorney general, the foreign secretary, and the interior secretary stood in line to the presidency. As well as Madero, Huerta had ousted Vice-president José María Pino Suárez and Attorney General Adolfo Valles Baca.[5] To give the coup d'état some appearance of legality, he had Lascuráin, as foreign secretary, assume the presidency, who would then appoint him as his interior secretary, making Huerta next in line to the presidency, and then resign.
The presidency thus passed to Huerta. As a consequence, Lascuráin was president for less than an hour; sources quote figures ranging from 15 to 56 minutes.[6] To date, Lascuráin's presidency is the shortest in history.
Huerta called a late-night special session of Congress, and under the guns of his troops, the legislators endorsed his assumption of power. A few days later, Huerta had Madero and Pino Suárez killed. The coup and the events surrounding it became known as La decena trágica ("the tragic ten [days]").
Later life
Huerta offered Lascuráin a post in his cabinet, but Lascuráin declined. He retired from politics and began practicing again as a lawyer. He was the director of the Escuela Libre de Derecho, a conservative law school, for 16 years and published extensively on commercial and civil law. Lascuráin died on July 21, 1952, at the age of 96, the second oldest former Mexican president.[2]
See also
Notes
- After the ousting of President Francisco I. Madero and Vice President José María Pino Suárez, the position of Vice President was left vacant as Lacuráin was an interim president (many of which lacked Vice Presidents, such as President Francisco León de la Barra), and Lascuráin did not have time to fill the office due to the brevity of his term.
References
- "Lascuráin, un presidente tan fugaz como medio partido de fútbol". Archived from the original on 2020-08-06. Retrieved 2008-12-04.
- "Biografía de Pedro Lascuráin (Su vida, historia, bio resumida)". (in Spanish)
- “Pedro Lascuráin, El Presidente de México Que Gobernó Por 45 Minutos.” México Desconocido, 3 May 2021. Retrieved 21 July 2023.
- Altamirano 2004, p. 17
- "Procurador General de la República". Archived from the original on 2011-09-28. Retrieved 2011-05-22.
- Braddy, Haldeen (Autumn 1969). "Revolution: Agony South of the Border". Montana: The Magazine of Western History. Montana Historical Society. 19 (4): 32–45. JSTOR 4517403.
Pedro Lascurain (Interim President for 28 minutes) became president for one day only, February 19, 1913
Sources
- Altamirano, Graziella (2004). Pedro Lascuráin: un hombre en la encrucijada de la revolución (in Spanish). Instituo Mora. ISBN 9789706840974.
Bibliography
- "Lascuráin Paredes, Pedro". Enciclopedia de México (in Spanish). Vol. 8. Mexico City. 1996. ISBN 1-56409-016-7.
{{cite encyclopedia}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - (in Spanish) Altamirano Cozzi, Graziella, Pedro Lascurain: Un hombre en la encrucijada de la revolución. Instituto Mora, 2004, ISBN 978-970-684-097-4
- (in Spanish) García Purón, Manuel, México y sus gobernantes, v. 2. Mexico City: Joaquín Porrua, 1984.
- (in Spanish) Orozco Linares, Fernando, Gobernantes de México. Mexico City: Panorama Editorial, 1985, ISBN 968-38-0260-5
External links
- (in Spanish) La decena trágica by Alejandro Rosas
- (in Spanish) La decena trágica
- (in Spanish) Brief biography at Encarta
- (in Spanish) Brief biography
- (in Spanish) A little more biographical information
