Operation Rübezahl

Operation Rübezahl was the name of 3 German anti-partisan operations in Yugoslavia during World War II. The first operation announced the beginning of a strategic retreat by Nazi German troops from Serbia after the front change of Romania and Bulgaria.[1]

Operation Rübezahl I
Part of World War II in Yugoslavia
Date12–30 August 1944
Location
German-occupied territory of Serbia and German-occupied territory of Montenegro
Belligerents

 Germany
Montenegrin Volunteer Corps
Free Arabian Legion
 Independent State of Croatia
21st Waffen Mountain Division of the SS Skanderbeg
 Bulgaria


Sandžak Muslim militia		 Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Yugoslav Partisans
1st Corps
2nd Corps (2 divisions)
12th Corps
Commanders and leaders
Nazi Germany Artur Phleps Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Peko Dapčević
Strength
50,000 16,000
Casualties and losses
unknown 1,000 injured,
unknown killed

Operation Rübezahl I

In summer 1944, German soldiers were doing sweeps against communist-led Yugoslav Partisans under the overall command of Josip Broz Tito. But on 30 August, after Romania and Bulgaria split from their Nazi ally, Germany entered into a crisis on the Balkan front. While the forces of the Partisans were moving to unite with the Soviet Red Army in the German-occupied territory of Serbia, German troops tried to avoid defeat in that strategic area by implementing "Operation Rübezahl" to enable the organised retreat of Germans. Among them there were:[2]

Between 20 and 22 August, German troops surrounded and destroyed a particularly large Partisan unit moving westwards from the Independent State of Croatia to occupied Serbia. Only a few Partisans survived thanks to Allied planes which managed to land on battered airstrips, air-lifting about a thousand injured to hospitals located in Italy.[3]

Operation Rübezahl II

Operation Rübezahl II was a German offensive in February 1945 against Yugoslav partisans in the Slovene Littoral.[4]

Operation Rübezahl III

Operation Rübezahl III was a German and Croat offensive in March 1945 against the Yugoslav 30th 'Slovenia' Division, who was threatening the important port city of Trieste.[5]

References
  1. Giorgi, Alessandro (26 August 2015). Cronaca della Seconda Guerra Mondiale 1939-1945. p. 374. ISBN 9786050408539.
  2. "PRINZ EUGEN LA 7a DIVISIONE DA MONTAGNA DELLE WAFFEN SS – terza e ultima parte". Thule Italia (in Italian). Retrieved 19 November 2019.
  3. Afiero, Massimiliano. "PRINZ EUGEN". www.maxafiero.it (in Italian). Retrieved 19 November 2019.
  4. "Operation Rübezahl II". Code names. Retrieved 7 November 2021.
  5. "Operation Rübezahl III". Code names. Retrieved 7 November 2021.

Bibliography
  • Bambara, Gino (1988). La guerra di liberazione nazionale della Jugoslavia (1941-1943). Mursia.
  • Deakin, Frederick William (1972). La montagna più alta. L'epopea dell'esercito partigiano jugoslavo. Club degli editori.
  • Gobetti, Eric (2006). L'occupazione allegra. Gli italiani in Jugoslavia (1941-1943). Carocci.
  • Bauer, Eddy (1971). Storia controversa della seconda guerra mondiale. Vol. VII. De Agostini.
  • Gilas, Milovan (2011). La guerra rivoluzionaria jugoslava. 1941-1945. Ricordi e riflessioni. LEG. ISBN 978-88-6102-083-2.


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