Neuroterus

Neuroterus is a genus of gall wasps that induce galls on oaks in which the wasp larvae live and feed. Some species produce galls that fall off the host plant and 'jump' along the ground due to the movement of the larvae within.

Neuroterus
Neuroterus albipes
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Hymenoptera
Family: Cynipidae
Tribe: Cynipini
Genus: Neuroterus
Hartig, 1840
Species

Many; see text

The galls of Neuroterus numismalis parthenogenetic generation on Quercus robur leaf

Neuroterus saltatorius—formerly named Cynips saltatorius—produces such Mexican jumping bean-like jumping galls about 1 to 1.5 mm in diameter.[1][2]

This genus was first described by Theodor Hartig in 1840. Like most oak gall wasps, Neuroterus species have two generations each year, one sexual and one asexual (or agamic). The galls induced by each generation of the same species are usually produced on different parts of the host plant.

Recent studies indicate this genus is poly- or paraphyletic, thus many species will likely be moved to other genera.[3]

Species include:[4][5]

  • Neuroterus albipes
  • Neuroterus alexandrae
  • Neuroterus aliceae
  • Neuroterus anthracinus
  • Neuroterus aprilinus
  • Neuroterus bussae
  • Neuroterus cerrifloralis
  • Neuroterus fragilis (succulent gall wasp)[6]
  • Neuroterus lanuginosus
  • Neuroterus numismalis
  • Neuroterus oblongifoliae
  • Neuroterus quaili
  • Neuroterus quercusbaccarum
  • Neuroterus rosieae
  • Neuroterus saltatorius (jumping gall wasp)[6]
  • Neuroterus serratae
  • Neuroterus stonei
  • Neuroterus tricolor
  • Neuroterus umbilicatus
  • Neuroterus valhalla

References
  1. W.P. Armstrong. "California's Amazing Jumping Galls" Archived 2015-02-17 at the Wayback Machine. 1997.
  2. Missouri Botanical Garden. "Jumping oak galls".
  3. Ward, Anna K. G.; Bagley, Robin K.; Egan, Scott P.; Hood, Glen Ray; Ott, James R.; Prior, Kirsten M.; Sheikh, Sofia I.; Weinersmith, Kelly L.; Zhang, Linyi; Zhang, Y. Miles; Forbes, Andrew A. (August 2022). "Speciation in Nearctic oak gall wasps is frequently correlated with changes in host plant, host organ, or both". Evolution. 76 (8): 1849–1867. doi:10.1111/evo.14562. ISSN 0014-3820. PMC 9541853. PMID 35819249.
  4. George Melika; James A. Nicholls; Warren Abrahamson; Eileen A. Buss; Graham N. Stone (23 December 2021). "New species of Nearctic oak gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae, Cynipini)". Zootaxa. 5084 (1): 1–131. doi:10.11646/ZOOTAXA.5084.1.1. ISSN 1175-5334. Wikidata Q110307168.
  5. Pedro Ferreira Pinto Brandão-Dias; Y. Miles Zhang; Stacy Pirro; Camila C. Vinson; Kelly L. Weinersmith; Anna K. G. Ward; Andrew A. Forbes; Scott P. Egan (10 January 2022). "Describing biodiversity in the genomics era: A new species of Nearctic Cynipidae gall wasp and its genome". Systematic Entomology. 47: 94–112. doi:10.1111/SYEN.12521. ISSN 0307-6970. Wikidata Q110526665.
  6. Russo, Ronald A. (2021). Plant galls of the Western United States. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. p. 300. ISBN 978-0-691-21340-8. OCLC 1239984577.


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