NGC 3665

NGC 3665 is a lenticular galaxy located in the constellation Ursa Major. It is located at a distance of circa 85 million light-years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 3665 is about 85,000 light years across. It was discovered by William Herschel on March 23, 1789.[3]

NGC 3665
NGC 3665 by SDSS
Observation data (J2000 epoch)
ConstellationUrsa Major
Right ascension11h 24m 43.7s[1]
Declination+38° 45′ 46″[1]
Redshift0.006901 ± 0.000017 [1]
Heliocentric radial velocity2,069 ± 5 km/s[1]
Distance85.6 ± 22 Mly (26.3 ± 6.8 Mpc)[1]
Apparent magnitude (V)10.7 [2]
Characteristics
TypeSA(s)0^0^ [1]
Apparent size (V)4.3′ × 3.3′ [2]
Other designations
UGC 6426, CGCG 214-004, MCG +07-24-003, PGC 35064[1]

Characteristics
The central region of NGC 3665 by the Hubble Space Telescope, featuring a dust disk.[4]

NGC 3665 is a lenticular galaxy whose disk is characterised by the presence of a circular dust lane. The galaxy has high molecular gas content, as determined by the detection of CO lines. The molecular gas mass in the galaxy is estimated to be 108.91 M☉.[5] The galaxy has a UV excess that indicates the presence of a young stellar population.[6] The total star formation rate in NGC 3665 is estimated to be 1.7 M☉ per year. This rate is less than the one expected based on the molecular gas reservoirs of the galaxy.[7] It has been suggested that the compact yet massive bulge of the galaxy has stabilised the cold gas, and thus suppressed star formation.[7]

The nucleus of the galaxy is active and hosts a low luminosity transition active galactic nucleus (AGN).[8] The most accepted theory for the energy source of AGNs is the presence of an accretion disk around a supermassive black hole. The mass of the black hole in the centre of NGC 3665 is measured using the rotation of the molecular gas around the nucleus as 5.75+1.49
−1.18×108 M☉,[9] or 3.8×108 M☉ based on the M–sigma relation.[8]

NGC 3665 has been found to emit radio waves. Its emission appears elongated at a position angle perpendicular to the dust lane, with the most luminous region being in the nucleus. The emission extends for more than 5 arcminutes in 610 MHz.[10] In 1.4 GHz, the galaxy has one jet with FRI morphology, that extends for more than 3 kpc.[11] In 5 GHz, emission appears in the nucleus and two jet-like structures. The southeast source has not been resolved, while the northwest extends for 0.7 arcseconds, which corresponds to 120 pc at the distance of NGC 3665. The radio emission is likely associated with a low luminosity AGN.[8]

Supernova

One supernova has been detected in NGC 3665, SN 2002hl.[12] It was discovered by T. Boles in unfiltered CCD images taken on November 5, 2002 with a 0.35-m reflector, as part of the U.K. Nova/Supernova Patrol. The supernova had then a magnitude of 16.3.[13] The spectrum of the supernova obtained on November 5 indicated it was a type Ia supernova about one or two months after maximum light.[14]

Nearby galaxies

NGC 3665 is the brightest member of a galaxy group known as the NGC 3665 group. Other members of the group include NGC 3648, NGC 3652, NGC 3658, and UGC 6433.[15][16] NGC 3658 lies 15 arcminutes from NGC 3665.

References
  1. "NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database". Results for NGC 3665. Retrieved 2019-01-18.
  2. "Revised NGC Data for NGC 3665". spider.seds.org. Retrieved 25 November 2018.
  3. Seligman, Courtney. "NGC 3665 (= PGC 35064)". Celestial Atlas. Retrieved 19 November 2018.
  4. Alatalo, Katherine; Davis, Timothy A.; Bureau, Martin; Young, Lisa M.; Blitz, Leo; Crocker, Alison F.; Bayet, Estelle; Bois, Maxime; Bournaud, Frédéric; Cappellari, Michele; Davies, Roger L.; de Zeeuw, P. T.; Duc, Pierre-Alain; Emsellem, Eric; Khochfar, Sadegh; Krajnović, Davor; Kuntschner, Harald; Lablanche, Pierre-Yves; Morganti, Raffaella; McDermid, Richard M.; Naab, Thorsten; Oosterloo, Tom; Sarzi, Marc; Scott, Nicholas; Serra, Paolo; Weijmans, Anne-Marie (1 July 2013). "The ATLAS3D project – XVIII. CARMA CO imaging survey of early-type galaxies". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 432 (3): 1796–1844. arXiv:1210.5524. Bibcode:2013MNRAS.432.1796A. doi:10.1093/mnras/sts299. S2CID 118354954.
  5. Young, Lisa M.; Bureau, Martin; Davis, Timothy A.; Combes, Francoise; McDermid, Richard M.; Alatalo, Katherine; Blitz, Leo; Bois, Maxime; Bournaud, Frédéric; Cappellari, Michele; Davies, Roger L.; de Zeeuw, P. T.; Emsellem, Eric; Khochfar, Sadegh; Krajnović, Davor; Kuntschner, Harald; Lablanche, Pierre-Yves; Morganti, Raffaella; Naab, Thorsten; Oosterloo, Tom; Sarzi, Marc; Scott, Nicholas; Serra, Paolo; Weijmans, Anne-Marie (21 June 2011). "The ATLAS3D project – IV. The molecular gas content of early-type galaxies". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 414 (2): 940–967. arXiv:1102.4633. Bibcode:2011MNRAS.414..940Y. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.18561.x. S2CID 119267988.
  6. de Ruiter, H. R.; Parma, P.; Fanti, R.; Fanti, C. (28 August 2015). "Far-UV to mid-IR properties of nearby radio galaxies". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 581: A33. arXiv:1508.03287. Bibcode:2015A&A...581A..33D. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201424079. S2CID 118391173.
  7. Xiao, Meng-Yuan; Zhao, Yinghe; Gu, Qiu-Sheng; Shi, Yong (16 February 2018). "The Physical Characteristics of Interstellar Medium in NGC 3665 with Herschel Observations". The Astrophysical Journal. 854 (2): 111. arXiv:1801.05110. Bibcode:2018ApJ...854..111X. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aaa895. S2CID 55722653.
  8. Nyland, Kristina; Young, Lisa M.; Wrobel, Joan M.; Sarzi, Marc; Morganti, Raffaella; Alatalo, Katherine; Blitz, Leo; Bournaud, Frédéric; Bureau, Martin; Cappellari, Michele; Crocker, Alison F.; Davies, Roger L.; Davis, Timothy A.; de Zeeuw, P. T.; Duc, Pierre-Alain; Emsellem, Eric; Khochfar, Sadegh; Krajnović, Davor; Kuntschner, Harald; McDermid, Richard M.; Naab, Thorsten; Oosterloo, Tom; Scott, Nicholas; Serra, Paolo; Weijmans, Anne-Marie (11 May 2016). "The ATLAS3D Project – XXXI. Nuclear radio emission in nearby early-type galaxies". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 458 (2): 2221–2268. arXiv:1602.05579. Bibcode:2016MNRAS.458.2221N. doi:10.1093/mnras/stw391. S2CID 10520260.
  9. Onishi, Kyoko; Iguchi, Satoru; Davis, Timothy A.; Bureau, Martin; Cappellari, Michele; Sarzi, Marc; Blitz, Leo (July 2017). "WISDOM project – I. Black hole mass measurement using molecular gas kinematics in NGC 3665". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 468 (4): 4663–4674. arXiv:1703.05247. Bibcode:2017MNRAS.468.4663O. doi:10.1093/mnras/stx631. S2CID 51767738.
  10. Kotanyi, C. G. (1 April 1979). "Radio observations of NGC 3665 – an elliptical galaxy with a dust lane". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 74: 156–160. Bibcode:1979A&A....74..156K. ISSN 0004-6361.
  11. Baldi, R. D.; Williams, D. R. A.; McHardy, I M; Beswick, R. J.; Argo, M K; Dullo, B. T.; Knapen, J. H.; Brinks, E.; Muxlow, T. W. B.; Aalto, S.; Alberdi, A.; Bendo, G J; Corbel, S; Evans, R.; Fenech, D. M.; Green, D A; Klöckner, H-R; Körding, E.; Kharb, P.; Maccarone, T. J.; Martí-Vidal, I.; Mundell, C. G.; Panessa, F.; Peck, A. B.; Pérez-Torres, M. A.; Saikia, D. J.; Saikia, P; Shankar, F.; Spencer, R. E.; Stevens, I. R.; Uttley, P; Westcott, J (May 2018). "LeMMINGs – I. The eMERLIN legacy survey of nearby galaxies. 1.5-GHz parsec-scale radio structures and cores". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 476 (3): 3478–3522. arXiv:1802.02162. Bibcode:2018MNRAS.476.3478B. doi:10.1093/mnras/sty342. S2CID 53998856.
  12. List of Supernovae IAU Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams. Retrieved 29 December 2015.
  13. Boles, T. (4 November 2002). "Circular No. 8008". IAU Circular. 8008: 1. Bibcode:2002IAUC.8008....1B.
  14. Pignata, G.; Patat, F. (7 November 2002). "Circular No. 8011". IAU Circular. 8011: 2. Bibcode:2002IAUC.8011....2P.
  15. Makarov, Dmitry; Karachentsev, Igor (21 April 2011). "Galaxy groups and clouds in the local (z~ 0.01) Universe". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 412 (4): 2498–2520. arXiv:1011.6277. Bibcode:2011MNRAS.412.2498M. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.18071.x. S2CID 119194025. Archived from the original on 31 January 2016. Retrieved 19 January 2019.
  16. Garcia, A. M. (1993). "General study of group membership. II – Determination of nearby groups". Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series. 100 (1): 47–90. Bibcode:1993A&AS..100...47G. ISSN 0365-0138.
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