Decane

Decane is an alkane hydrocarbon with the chemical formula C10H22. Although 75 structural isomers are possible for decane, the term usually refers to the normal-decane ("n-decane"), with the formula CH3(CH2)8CH3. All isomers, however, exhibit similar properties and little attention is paid to the composition.[5] These isomers are flammable liquids. Decane is present in small quantities (less than 1%) in gasoline (petrol) and kerosene.[6][7] Like other alkanes, it is a nonpolar solvent, and does not dissolve in water, and is readily combustible. Although it is a component of fuels, it is of little importance as a chemical feedstock, unlike a handful of other alkanes.[8]

For other uses, see Dečane (disambiguation).
Not to be confused with Decene or Decyne.
Decane
Skeletal formula of decane
Skeletal formula of decane with all implicit carbons shown, and all explicit hydrogens added
Ball-and-stick model of the decane molecule
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
Decane[1]
Other names
Decyl hydride
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
1696981
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
DrugBank
ECHA InfoCard 100.004.262
EC Number
  • 204-686-4
MeSH decane
RTECS number
  • HD6550000
UNII
UN number 2247
  • InChI=1S/C10H22/c1-3-5-7-9-10-8-6-4-2/h3-10H2,1-2H3 checkY
    Key: DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  • CCCCCCCCCC
Properties
C10H22
Molar mass 142.286 g·mol−1
Appearance Colorless liquid
Odor Gasoline-like (in high concentrations)
Density 0.730 g mL−1
Melting point −30.5 to −29.2 °C; −22.8 to −20.6 °F; 242.7 to 243.9 K
Boiling point 173.8 to 174.4 °C; 344.7 to 345.8 °F; 446.9 to 447.5 K
log P 5.802
Vapor pressure 195 Pa[2]
2.1 nmol Pa−1 kg−1
-119.74·10−6 cm3/mol
Thermal conductivity 0.1381 W m−1 K−1 (300 K)[3]
1.411–1.412
Viscosity
  • 0.850 mPa·s (25 °C)[4]
  • 0.920 mPa·s (20 °C)
Thermochemistry
315.46 J K−1 mol−1
425.89 J K−1 mol−1
−302.1–−299.9 kJ mol−1
−6779.21–−6777.45 kJ mol−1
Hazards
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards
 Flammable, moderately toxic
GHS labelling:
GHS02: Flammable GHS08: Health hazard
Danger
H226, H302, H304, H305
P301+P310, P331
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704 four-colored diamond
1
2
0
Flash point 46.0 °C (114.8 °F; 319.1 K)
210.0 °C (410.0 °F; 483.1 K)
Explosive limits 0.8–2.6%
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
  • >2 g kg−1 (dermal, rabbit)
  • 601 mg/kg−1 (oral, rat)
Safety data sheet (SDS) hazard.com
Related compounds
Related alkanes
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
checkY verify (what is checkY☒N ?)
Infobox references

Reactions

Decane undergoes combustion, just like other alkanes. In the presence of sufficient oxygen, it burns to form water and carbon dioxide.

2 C10H22 + 31 O2 → 20 CO2 + 22 H2O

With insufficient oxygen, carbon monoxide is also formed.

Other

It has a surface tension of 0.0238 N·m−1.[9]

See also

References
  1. "decane - Compound Summary". PubChem Compound. USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information. 16 September 2004. Identification and Related Records. Retrieved 5 January 2012.
  2. Yaws, Carl L. (1999). Chemical Properties Handbook. New York: McGraw-Hill. pp. 159–179. ISBN 0-07-073401-1.
  3. Touloukian, Y.S., Liley, P.E., and Saxena, S.C. Thermophysical properties of matter - the TPRC data series. Volume 3. Thermal conductivity - nonmetallic liquids and gases. Data book. 1970.
  4. Dymond, J. H.; Oye, H. A. (1994). "Viscosity of Selected Liquid n‐Alkanes". Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data. 23 (1): 41–53. doi:10.1063/1.555943. ISSN 0047-2689.
  5. "75 Isomers of Decane". The Third Millennium Online! (in Latin). Retrieved 26 July 2021.
  6. "Petroleum - Chemistry Encyclopedia - reaction, water, uses, elements, examples, gas, number, name". www.chemistryexplained.com. Retrieved 2016-01-28.
  7. "n-Decane (Annotation)". Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB). National Center for Biotechnology Information. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
  8. Griesbaum, Karl; Behr, Arno; Biedenkapp, Dieter; Voges, Heinz-Werner; Garbe, Dorothea; Paetz, Christian; Collin, Gerd; Mayer, Dieter; Höke, Hartmut (15 June 2000), "Hydrocarbons", Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, doi:10.1002/14356007.a13_227, ISBN 3527306730
  9. Website of Krüss Archived 2013-12-01 at the Wayback Machine (8.10.2009)
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