Monacha
Monacha is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Trochulininae Lindholm, 1927 of the family Hygromiidae, the hairy snails and their allies. [2]
| Monacha | |
|---|---|
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| Two live individuals of Monacha cartusiana on a human hand | |
| Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota | 
| Kingdom: | Animalia | 
| Phylum: | Mollusca | 
| Class: | Gastropoda | 
| Subclass: | Heterobranchia | 
| Order: | Stylommatophora | 
| Infraorder: | Helicoidei | 
| Superfamily: | Helicoidea | 
| Family: | Hygromiidae | 
| Genus: | Monacha Fitzinger, 1833[1]  | 
| Type species | |
| Helix cartusiana O. F. Müller, 1774 | |
| Synonyms[2] | |
  | |
Distribution
    
The distribution of the genus Monacha includes western Europe, Central Europe, Mediterranean, Asia minor and Turkey (more than 50 species of Monacha),[3] Georgia, Russia, Arabia, Iran, Azerbaijan (1 species).[4] It is not in Armenia.[4]
The greatest diversity of species is in the Pontic region.[4]
Species
    
Species within the genus Monacha include:[4]
- Monacha albocincta (P. Hesse, 1912)
 - Monacha aniliensis P. L. Reischütz & Sattmann, 1990
 - Monacha ascania (Hausdorf, 2000)
 - Monacha atacis E. Gittenberger & de Winter, 1985
 - Monacha auturica Falkner, 2000
 - Monacha badia (Hausdorf, 2000)
 - Monacha bithynica (Hausdorf, 2000)
 - Monacha cantiana (Montagu, 1803)
 - Monacha carascaloides (Bourguignat, 1855)
 - Monacha carinata (Hausdorf, 2000)
 - Monacha cartusiana (Müller, 1774) - type species
 - Monacha cemenelea (Risso, 1826)
 - Monacha ciscaucasica (Hausdorf, 2000)[4]
 - Monacha claussi (Hausdorf, 2000)[4]
 - Monacha claustralis (Menke, 1828)
 - Monacha comata (Hausdorf, 2000)
 - Monacha compingtae (Pallary, 1929)
 - Monacha consona (Rossmässler, 1839)
 - Monacha crenophila (L. Pfeiffer, 1857)
 - Monacha cretica Hausdorf, 2003
 - Monacha crispulata (Mousson, 1861)
 - Monacha densecostulata (Retowski, 1886)
 - Monacha depressior (Hausdorf, 2000)
 - Monacha devrekensis (Hausdorf, 2000)
 - Monacha dirphica (E. von Martens, 1876)
 - Monacha dofleini (P. Hesse, 1928)
 - Monacha elatior (Hausdorf, 2000)
 - Monacha eliae (Nägele, 1906)
 - Monacha emigrata (Westerlund, 1894)
 - Monacha euboeica (Kobelt, 1877)
 - Monacha frequens (Mousson, 1859)
 - Monacha fruticola (Krynicki, 1833)[5]
 - Monacha galatica (Hausdorf, 2000)
 - Monacha gemina (Hausdorf, 2000)
 - Monacha georgievi (Pall-Gergely, 2010)[6]
 - Monacha glareosa (Hausdorf, 2000)
 - Monacha gregaria (Rossmässler, 1839)
 - Monacha hamsikoeyensis (Hudec, 1973)
 - Monacha haussknechti (O. Boettger, 1886)
 - Monacha hemitricha (P. Hesse, 1914)
 - Monacha heteromorpha (Hausdorf, 2000)
 - Monacha ignorata (O. Boettger, 1905)
 - Monacha kuznetsovi (Hausdorf, 2000)[4]
 - Monacha lamalouensis (Reynès, 1870)
 - Monacha laxa (Hudec, 1973)
 - Monacha leucozona (Hausdorf, 2000)
 - Monacha liebegottae (Hausdorf, 2000)
 - Monacha maasseni Hausdorf, 2003
 - Monacha magna (Hausdorf, 2000)
 - Monacha margarita (Hausdorf, 2000)
 - Monacha martensiana (Tiberi, 1869)
 - Monacha melitensis (P. Hesse, 1915)
 - Monacha menkhorsti (Hausdorf, 2000)
 - Monacha merssinae (Mousson, 1874)
 - Monacha microtricha S. H. F. Jaeckel, 1954
 - Monacha nordsiecki (Hausdorf, 2000)
 - Monacha obstructa (L. Pfeiffer, 1842)
 - Monacha ocellata (Roth, 1839)
 - Monacha oecali Hausdorf & Páll-Gergely, 2009[7]
 - Monacha orsini (Porro, 1841)
 - Monacha oshanovae I. Pintér & L. Pintér, 1970
 - Monacha ovularis (Bourguignat, 1855)
 - Monacha pamphylica (Hausdorf, 2000)
 - Monacha pantanellii (De Stefani, 1879)
 - Monacha parumcincta (Menke, 1828)
 - Monacha perfrequens (Hesse, 1914)
 - Monacha pharmacia (Hausdorf, 2000)
 - Monacha phazimonitica (Hausdorf, 2000)
 - Monacha pseudorothii Hausdorf, 2003
 - Monacha pusilla (Hausdorf, 2000)
 - Monacha riedeli (Hausdorf, 2000)
 - Monacha rizzae (Aradas, 1844)
 - Monacha roseni (Hesse, 1914)
 - Monacha rothii (L. Pfeiffer, 1841)
 - Monacha samsunensis (L. Pfeiffer, 1868)
 - Monacha saninensis (Pallary, 1939)
 - Monacha sedissana (Hausdorf, 2000)
 - Monacha solidior (Mousson, 1863)
 - Monacha spiroxia spiroxia (Bourguignat, 1868)
 - Monacha spiroxia atik (Schutt, 2001)
 - Monacha stipulifera (Hausdorf, 2000)
 - Monacha subaii (Hausdorf, 2000)
 - Monacha subcarthusiana (Lindholm, 1913)
 - Monacha syriaca (Ehrenberg, 1831)
 - Monacha terebrata (Hausdorf, 2000)
 - Monacha tibarenica Neiber & Hausdorf, 2017
 - Monacha venusta (L. Pinter, 1968)
 
The species Ashfordiana granulata (Alder, 1830) is often also grouped under the genus Monacha.
- Taxon inquirendum
 
- Monacha talischana (E. von Martens, 1880)
 
- Synonyms
 
- Monacha beieri Klemm, 1962: synonym of Monacha haussknechti (O. Boettger, 1886) (junior synonym)
 - Monacha fallax A. J. Wagner, 1914: synonym of Monachoides fallax (A. J. Wagner, 1914) (original combination)
 - Monacha ruffoi Giusti, 1973: synonym of Monacha pantanellii (De Stefani, 1879) (junior synonym)
 - Monacha tschegemica Schileyko, 1988: synonym of Paratheba roseni (Hesse, 1914): synonym of Monacha roseni (Hesse, 1914) (junior synonym)
 
References
    
- Fitzinger L. I. (1833). "Systematisches Verzeichniß der im Erzherzogthume Oesterreich vorkommenden Weichthiere, als Prodrom einer Fauna derselben". Beiträge zur Landeskunde Oesterreich's unter der Enns 3: 88-122. Wien.
 - MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Monacha Fitzinger, 1833. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=426406 on 2021-08-12
 - Hausdorf B. (2000). "The genus Monacha in Turkey (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Hygromiidae)". Arch. Molluskenk. 128: 61-151.
 - Hausdorf B. (2000). "The genus Monacha in the Western Caucasus (Gastropoda: Hygromiidae)". Journal of Natural History 34(8): 1575-1594. PDF Archived 2009-03-06 at the Wayback Machine. doi:10.1080/00222930050117495.
 - "Monacha fruticola (Krynicki, 1833)". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 27 October 2021.
 - Páll-Gergely B. (2010). "New and little known land snails from Turkey (Gastropoda: Pulmonata)". Zoology in the Middle East 50: 89-94. Heidelberg. abstract.
 - Hausdorf & Páll-Gergely B. (2009). "Monacha oecali new species from southern Turkey (Gastropoda:Hygromiidae) ". Journal of Conchology 40(1): 15-18. abstract.
 
- Pintér, L. (1977). Studien an Monacha (Gastropoda: Helicidae), I. Über die subgenerische Zugehörigkeit von Monacha gregaria (Rossmässler). Archiv für Molluskenkunde. 108: 53–55.
 - Nordsieck, H. (1993). Das System der paläarktischen Hygromiidae (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Helicoidea). Archiv für Molluskenkunde, 122 (Zilch-Festschrift): 1-23. Frankfurt am Main
 - Bank, R. A. (2017). Classification of the Recent terrestrial Gastropoda of the World. Last update: July 16th, 2017
 - Holyoak, D. T. & Holyoak, G. A. (2018). A new genus Zenobiellina for Helix subrufescens Miller, 1822 (Hygromiidae), with description of a new congeneric species from northern Spain. Iberus. 36 (2): 133-147.
 
External links
    
- Fitzinger, L.J. (1833). Systematisches Verzeichniß der im Erzherzogthume Oesterreich vorkommenden Weichthiere, als Prodrom einer Fauna derselben. Beiträge zur Landeskunde Oesterreichs's unter der Enns, 3: 88-122. Wien
 - Neiber, M. T. & Hausdorf, B. (2017). Molecular phylogeny and biogeography of the land snail genus Monacha (Gastropoda, Hygromiidae). Zoologica Scripta. 46(3): 308-321
 
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