Mojahedin of the Islamic Revolution Organization

Mojahedin of the Islamic Revolution Organization (Persian: سازمان مجاهدین انقلاب اسلامی, romanized: Sāzmān-e Mojāhedin-e Enqelāb-e Eslāmi, lit. 'Holy Warriors of the Islamic Revolution') was an umbrella political organization in Iran, founded in 1979 by unification of seven underground Islamist revolutionary paramilitary and civil[4] organizations which previously fought against the Pahlavi monarchy.[6]

This article is about the revolutionary umbrella organization. For the left-wing reformist party, see Mojahedin of the Islamic Revolution of Iran Organization.
Mojahedin of the Islamic Revolution Organization
سازمان مجاهدین انقلاب اسلامی
Paramilitary wing commanderMohammad Boroujerdi[2]
Supreme Leader representativeHossein Rasti-Kashani[3]
FoundedApril 1979
DissolvedOctober 1986
Succeeded byMojahedin of the Islamic Revolution of Iran Organization (left faction)
Society of Devotees of the Islamic Revolution (right faction)
HeadquartersTehran, Iran
Membership (1979)<1,000[4]
IdeologyIslamism
Qutbism–Khomeinism[1]
Anti-communism[1]
Statism[5]
Political positionLeft-wing[4] to right-wing[4]
ReligionIslam
National affiliationIslamic Coalition (1979)
Grand Coalition (1980)

The organization was firmly allied with the ruling Islamic Republican Party and was given a share of power[7] and three of its members were appointed as government ministers under PM Mir-Hossein Mousavi: Behzad Nabavi (minister without portfolio for executive affairs), Mohammad Salamati (agriculture) and Mohammad Shahab Gonabadi (housing and urban development).[8]

History

Most members were among those formerly associated with the People's Mujahedin of Iran but left the organization after it declared ideology switch to Marxism.[6] The groups were:[6]

  • "United Ummah" (Persian: امت واحده; Ommat-e-Vahede)
  • "Monotheistic Badr" (Persian: توحیدی بدر; Towhidiye-Badr)
  • "Monotheistic Queue" (Persian: توحیدی صف; Towhidiye-Saff)
  • "Peasant" (Persian: فلاح; Fallah)
  • "Daybreak" (Persian: فلق: Falaq)
  • "Victors" (Persian: منصورون; Mansouroun)
  • "Monotheists" (Persian: موحدین; Movahedin)

Dissolution

The organization dissolved in 1986 as a result of tensions between the leftist and rightist members.[4]

Legacy

Left-wing members of the organization decided to resume activities in 1991 and established leftist Mojahedin of the Islamic Revolution of Iran Organization (adding the words “of Iran” to the name) which later emerged as a reformist party.[4] Some right-wing members founded Society of Devotees of the Islamic Revolution in late-1990s.[9]

Notable members
Name Original group Faction Later career Ref
Behzad NabaviOmmat-e-VahedehLeftPolitics[6][10]
Mohammad SalamatiOmmat-e-VahedehLeftPolitics[6][10]
Sadegh NorouziOmmat-e-VahedehLeftPolitics[6]
Mohsen MakhmalbafOmmat-e-VahedehLeftCinema[6]
Abdulali Ali-AsgariRightMedia[10]
Ahmad TavakoliRightPolitics[11]
Alireza AfsharRightMilitary → Politics[12]
Abbas DuzduzaniLeftMilitary → Politics
Hashem AghajariLeftAcademia[12]
Feyzollah ArabsorkhiOmmat-e-VahedehLeftPolitics[6]
Abdollah NasseriLeftMedia[12]
Hossein FadaeiTowhidiye-BadrRightMilitary → Politics[6][10]
Safar Naeimi[lower-alpha 1]Towhidiye-BadrRightMilitary → Politics[6]
Mohammad BoroujerdiTowhidiye-SaffMilitary[6]
Mojtaba ShakeriTowhidiye-SaffRightMilitary → Politics[6]
Mohsen ArminTowhidiye-SaffLeftPolitics[6][10]
Morteza AlviriFallahLeftPolitics[6]
Mostafa TajzadehFalaqLeftPolitics[6][12]
Mohsen RezaeiMansourounRightMilitary → Politics[6][12]
Ali ShamkhaniMansourounLeftMilitary[6]
Hossein NejatMansourounRightMilitary[6]
Esmaeil DaghayeghiMansourounMilitary[6]
Mohammad Bagher ZolghadrMansourounRightMilitary → Politics[6][10]
Gholam Ali RashidMansourounRightMilitary[6]
Hosein AlamolhodaMovahedinMilitary[6]

Endnotes
  1. Not to be confused with Safar Naeimi-Raz

References
  1. Afshon Ostovar (2016). Vanguard of the Imam: Religion, Politics, and Iran's Revolutionary Guards. Oxford University Press. pp. 50–54. ISBN 978-0190491703.
  2. Forozan, Hesam (2015), The Military in Post-Revolutionary Iran: The Evolution and Roles of the Revolutionary Guards, Durham Modern Middle East and Islamic World Series, vol. 38, Routledge, p. 107
  3. Moslem, Mehdi (2002). Factional politics in post-Khomeini Iran. Syracuse University Press. p. 68. ISBN 978-0-8156-2978-8.
  4. "Organization of the Mojahedin of the Islamic Revolution of Iran" (PDF). Iran Data Portal. Retrieved 10 May 2016.
  5. Pesaran, Evaleila (2011), Iran's Struggle for Economic Independence: Reform and Counter-Reform in the Post-Revolutionary Era, Taylor & Francis, p. 94, ISBN 978-1136735578
  6. Alfoneh, Ali (2013), Iran Unveiled: How the Revolutionary Guards Is Transforming Iran from Theocracy into Military Dictatorship, AEI Press, pp. 8–10
  7. Hiro, Dilip (2013). Iran Under the Ayatollahs (Routledge Revivals). Routledge. p. 241. ISBN 978-1135043810.
  8. Baktiari, Bahman (1996). Parliamentary Politics in Revolutionary Iran: The Institutionalization of Factional Politics. University Press of Florida. p. 112. ISBN 978-0-8130-1461-6.
  9. "Association of the Devotees of the Islamic Revolution" (PDF). Iran Data Portal. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 July 2012. Retrieved 10 May 2016.
  10. Mohammadighalehtaki, Ariabarzan (2012). "MIRO, a Historical Background". Organisational Change in Political Parties in Iran after the Islamic Revolution of 1979. With Special Reference to the Islamic Republic Party (IRP) and the Islamic Iran Participation Front Party (Mosharekat) (Ph.D. thesis). Durham University. p. 168.
  11. "Nepotism & the Larijani Dynasty". Tehran Bureau. PBS. 20 August 2009. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
  12. Muhammad Sahimi (12 May 2009). "The Political Groups". Tehran Bureau. PBS. Retrieved 21 August 2015.
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