Miami Air International Flight 293

Miami Air International Flight 293 was a military charter from Guantanamo Bay to Naval Air Station Jacksonville, operated by Miami Air International. On May 3, 2019, the Boeing 737-800 aircraft operating the flight overran the runway on landing. Twenty-one people were injured. The aircraft was written off, making it the 17th loss of a Boeing 737-800.[1] The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) attributed the accident to hydroplaning caused by heavy rainfall on the ungrooved runway; although the pilots were found to have made a series of errors during final approach and landing, the NTSB concluded that these errors had little effect on the final outcome, as the aircraft would have been unable to stop even if the landing had been executed properly.[2]

Miami Air International Flight 293
Aircraft resting site in the St. Johns River
The aircraft resting in the St. Johns River
Accident
DateMay 3, 2019
SummaryRunway excursion
SiteSt. Johns River, Jacksonville, Florida
Aircraft
Aircraft typeBoeing 737-800
OperatorMiami Air International
IATA flight No.LL293
ICAO flight No.BSK293
Call signBISCAYNE 293
RegistrationN732MA
Flight originLeeward Point Field, Guantanamo Bay, Cuba
DestinationNaval Air Station Jacksonville, Florida, United States
Occupants143
Passengers136
Crew7
Fatalities0
Injuries21
Survivors143

Accident

Miami Air International Flight 293 was a supplemental non-scheduled passenger flight from Leeward Point Field, Guantanamo Bay, Cuba to Naval Air Station Jacksonville, Florida. It served to transport military personnel and related civilians.[3] The aircraft, a Boeing 737-800, skidded off the runway at Jacksonville into the St. Johns River while attempting to land in a thunderstorm. Emergency services, including more than 50 firefighters, rescued all 136 passengers and seven crew.[4]

The plane was never submerged; however, many passengers in the front and mid section of the plane were soaked when brackish water entered through breaches in the fuselage. There was also several inches of water in the rows in the back of the plane.[5] Twenty-one people were injured and transported to the hospital, but there were no critical injuries.[5][6] At least three pets transported in the hold of the aircraft are presumed to have died.[7] Authorities were concerned about fuel spreading in the river and worked to contain it.[5][8]

Aircraft and crew
N732MA, the aircraft involved in the accident, seen in 2012

The accident aircraft was a Boeing 737-81Q, registration N732MA, MSN 30618, Line Number 830. The aircraft had first flown on April 12, 2001.[1] It had entered service with Miami Air on April 26, 2001. At the time of the accident, it had flown for 38,928 hours 57 minutes in 15,610 flights.[9]

The captain was 55-year-old Gabriel Cosentino, who had been with Miami Air since 2008 and had 7,500 flight hours, including 1,000 hours on the Boeing 737. Cosentino was also a check airman at the airline and held several instructor positions. The first officer was 47-year-old Claudio Marcelo Jose La Franca, who only been with the airline for five months. He had the same amount of flight hours as captain Cosentino (7,500), but only 18 of them were on the Boeing 737.[9][10]

Investigation
Aerial view (facing west) of N732MA in the St. Johns River following the runway excursion from NAS Jacksonville Runway 28/10

The accident was investigated by the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB), Boeing, and the United States Navy.[5][11][12] Initial causes of the investigation focused on a possible failure of the thrust reverser and the pilot's request to change runways.[13]

The right hand thrust reverser was inoperative at the time of takeoff, as allowed per the master minimum equipment list, which made the thrust reversers unavailable after the aircraft landed.[1]

During the landing approach, the pilot checked in with the Jacksonville tower at 9:22:19 PM; the approach controller advised the pilot to land on Runway 28.[14] The recorded weather conditions at 9:22 PM included heavy rain and thunderstorms with wind from 350° at 4 kn (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph). Thunderstorms had begun at 9:04 PM.[14] Although the aircraft was advised to land on Runway 28 (east to west), which is 9,000 ft (2,700 m) long, the pilot requested if the opposite direction (west to east, designated Runway 10) was available at 9:23:25 PM; the tower advised the pilot that rain was building approximately 5 miles (8.0 km) from the approach to Runway 10.[14] In addition, using Runway 10 would reduce the available landing distance to 7,800 ft (2,400 m) due to the displaced threshold resulting from the presence of arresting gear at the west end of the runway.[1]

At 9:24:55 PM, the pilot radioed the tower again to get advice on whether to use Runway 28 or 10; the tower controller said both were "pretty rough" and "pretty socked in", but the winds continued to favor the use of 28. The tower directed the pilot to turn right to a heading of 010° and descend and maintain an altitude of 3,000 ft (910 m) at 9:26:11 PM; tower control then directed the pilot to a heading of 040° at 9:27:56 PM.[14] At 9:30:03 PM, the controller advised the pilot the storm was moving east, favoring the approach to Runway 10, and the pilot agreed to redirect to 10. After the pilot was handed off to the radar controller, radar control cleared the aircraft for landing at 9:39:49 PM.[14]

Post-accident investigation showed the aircraft touched down approximately 1,600 feet (490 m) beyond the displaced threshold and veered right, reaching approximately 75 feet (23 m) from the Runway 10 centerline at a point 6,200 feet (1,900 m) from the displaced threshold. At that point, the aircraft had departed from the runway surface, later striking the seawall/embankment.[14]

A week after the accident, the aircraft was lifted onto a barge and floated up the St. Johns River and moved to shore at Reynolds Industrial Park in Green Cove Springs. After the NTSB investigation concluded, the plane was scrapped.[15] The NTSB issued an update to their investigation on May 23, 2019.[14]

On August 4, 2021, the NTSB published its final report, attributing the accident to a lack of runway grooving, which caused hydroplaning on touchdown and poor braking.[2] This was aggravated by the airline's inadequate runway evaluation guidelines, the flight crew's failure to abort the approach (which was unstabilized due to the captain's heavy workload), excessive airspeed on touchdown, the first officer's limited experience in heavy jets like the 737, and the pilots' failure to promptly deploy the speed brakes; however, the NTSB concluded that even if these errors had not occurred, the aircraft would still have been unable to stop under the prevailing conditions.[2][9][16]

See also

References

Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the National Transportation Safety Board.

  1. Ranter, Harro. "N732MA accident description". aviation-safety.net. Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved May 4, 2019.
  2. "Poor Braking Conditions Following Heavy Rain Led to 737 Runway Overrun" (Press release). National Transportation Safety Board. August 4, 2021. Retrieved August 4, 2021. ...even if none of those errors occurred, the airplane still would not have stopped on the ungrooved runway because the rainfall rate and runway characteristics contributed to water depths that caused the aircraft to hydroplane.
  3. Vassolo, Martin. "Plane carrying 143 slides off runway into river in Jacksonville. No one killed, sheriff says". Miami Herald. Retrieved May 4, 2019.
  4. "Boeing 737 skids into Florida river". BBC News. BBC. May 4, 2019. Retrieved May 4, 2019.
  5. Zaveri, Mihir; Kramer, Margaret (May 3, 2019). "Boeing 737 Skids Into St. Johns River in Jacksonville". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 4, 2019.
  6. Koerner, Claudia (May 3, 2019). "A Plane Carrying 143 People Slid Off A Runway And Into A River In Florida". BuzzFeed News. Retrieved May 4, 2019.
  7. Paul, Deanna; Iati, Marisa; Donovan-Smith, Orion; Shapira, Ian (May 5, 2019). "Pets aboard the plane that crashed into Florida river are presumed dead". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286.
  8. Scanlan, Dan (May 3, 2019). "Airliner skids into St. Johns River at NAS Jacksonville". The Florida Times-Union. Archived from the original on May 4, 2019. Retrieved May 4, 2019.
  9. "National Transportation Safety Board Aviation Accident Final Report DCA19MA143". National Transportation Safety Board. August 4, 2021. DCA19MA143. Retrieved August 4, 2021.
  10. "NTSB releases report on 2019 Miami Air crash at NAS Jax". First Coast News. Gannett. April 21, 2021. Retrieved August 4, 2021.
  11. Osborne, Mark. "Plane skids off runway into water; only minor injuries". ABC News. Retrieved May 4, 2019.
  12. "Boeing 737 Plane With 143 On Board Skids Into St. Johns River In Jacksonville". NPR. Retrieved May 4, 2019.
  13. "Landing feature failed on Florida plane". BBC News. May 6, 2019.
  14. "Investigative Update - 5/23/2019" (PDF). National Transportation Safety Board. May 23, 2019. DCA19FA143. Retrieved May 28, 2019.
  15. Ready, Jennifer (May 9, 2019). "Crews Hoist crashed Boeing 737 to land". News 4 Jacksonville. News 4 Jax. Retrieved May 15, 2019.
  16. Doening, David (August 4, 2021). "NTSB: 'Extreme loss of braking friction' caused plane to slide into St. Johns River". WJXT. Associated Press. Retrieved November 17, 2021.
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