Matacoan languages
Matacoan (also Mataguayan, Matákoan, Mataguayo, Mataco–Mataguayo, Matacoano, Matacoana) is a language family of northern Argentina, western Paraguay, and southeastern Bolivia.
Matákoan | |
---|---|
Mataguayo | |
Geographic distribution | Chaco region |
Linguistic classification | Mataco–Guaicuru ?
|
Glottolog | mata1289 |
Family division
Matacoan consists of four clusters of languages. The family also has a clear binary split between Wichí-Chorote and Maká-Nivaclé according to Nikulin (2019).[1] Gordon (2005) in Ethnologue divides Wichí into three separate languages and Chorote into two languages.
- Matacoan
- Wichí-Chorote
- Wichí (also known as Mataco, Wichi, Wichí Lhamtés, Weenhayek, Noctenes, Matahuayo, Matako, Weʃwo. The name Mataco is common but pejorative.)
- Vejoz (also known as Vejo, Pilcomayo, Bermejo, Wichí Lhamtés Vejoz)
- Noktén (also known as Noctén, Wichí Lhamtés Nocten)
- Wiznay (also known as Güisnay, Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay)
- Matawayo (also known as Matahuayo).
- Chorote (also known as Chorotí, Yofúaha, Tsoloti)
- Manhui (also known as Manjuy, Iyo’wujwa Chorote)
- Eklenhui (also known as Eclenjuy, Eklehui, Iyojwa’ja Chorote, Chorote, Choroti).
- Wichí (also known as Mataco, Wichi, Wichí Lhamtés, Weenhayek, Noctenes, Matahuayo, Matako, Weʃwo. The name Mataco is common but pejorative.)
- Maká-Nivaclé
- Nivaclé (also known as Chulupí–Ashlushlay, Chulupí, Ajlujlay, Alhulhai, Niwaklé, Niwaqli, Churupi, Chulupe. The name Chulupí is common but pejorative.)
- Forest Nivaclé
- River Nivaclé
- Maká (also known as Macá, Maca, Towolhi, Toothle, Nynaka, Mak’á, Enimaca, Enimaga)
- Ma’ká (also known as Towolhi)
- Enimaga (also known as Enimaa, Kochaboth)
- Nivaclé (also known as Chulupí–Ashlushlay, Chulupí, Ajlujlay, Alhulhai, Niwaklé, Niwaqli, Churupi, Chulupe. The name Chulupí is common but pejorative.)
Mason (1950)
Internal classification by Mason (1950):[2]
- Mataco-Maca
- Mataco
- Mataco-Mataguayo
- Mataco
- Guisnay
- Nocten (Octenai)
- Mataguayo
- Northern: Hueshuo, Pesatupe, Abucheta
- Southern: Vejoz
- Mataco
- Chorotí-Ashluslay
- Chorotí (Yofuaha)
- Ashluslay (Chulupí, Chonopí, Sukin, Sotiagay, Tapieté)
- Mataco-Mataguayo
- Macá (Enimagá, Cochaboth, Guaná, Lengua)
- Enimagá
- Macá (Towothli, Toosle)
- Guentusé
- Cochaboth-Lengua
- Enimagá
Vocabulary
Loukotka (1968) lists the following basic vocabulary items for the Matacoan languages.[3]
gloss | Choroti | Choropí | Suhín | Sotsiagay | Ashlusláy | Mataco | Vejoz | Nocten | Guisnai | Enimaga | Makká |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
head | sétek | satík | shutich | shatish | nu-xleték | litek | etek | oːn-sleták | in-hitla | ||
tooth | sá-hue | huetseːute | tsaute | seuté | no-tsoté | no-chete | zoté | oːs-totéʔi | kon-xeti | ||
water | inát | naːʔate | inaat | inaːat | inát | inót | guag | inat | inát | gualé | iwalü |
fire | houat | itox | itox | itox | itóx | itóx | itag | ütax | etáx | feit | fat |
sun | kilé | nʔkoklái | hankuklai | fünchokʔlaai | fingoklai | xuála | ixuala | ixuala | ixuála | tátla | xunnu |
moon | huelä | xuékla | hiuerkla | xiwekla | huela | ihuälä | iguelach | iguelä | ivaʔedla | xuwãl | |
star | katés | katés | katéss | katís | katäs | katés | ketes | foʔoteki | |||
dog | nóo | nuuːx | niuʔux | niuʔux | níu | sidnóx | signag | esinax | atsüná | nunnax | |
jaguar | ayä | yaáx | yáox | yáʔox | iyox | haiyüx | yag | eyax | haróx | kometenax | |
black | lämi | klím | klim | lim | palüx | pelag | peláx | fo |
Proto-language
For a reconstruction of Proto-Mataguayo by Viegas Barros (2002),[4] see the corresponding Spanish article.
References
- Nikulin, Andrey V. 2019. The classification of the languages of the South American Lowlands: State-of-the-art and challenges / Классификация языков востока Южной Америки. Illič-Svityč (Nostratic) Seminar / Ностратический семинар, Higher School of Economics, October 17, 2019.
- Mason, John Alden (1950). "The languages of South America". In Steward, Julian (ed.). Handbook of South American Indians. Vol. 6. Washington, D.C., Government Printing Office: Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 143. pp. 157–317.
- Loukotka, Čestmír (1968). Classification of South American Indian languages. Los Angeles: UCLA Latin American Center.
- Viegas Barros, Pedro. 2002. Fonología del Proto-Mataguayo: Las fricativas dorsales. Mily Crevels, Simon van de Kerke, Sérgio Meira & Hein van der Voort (eds.), Current Studies on South American Languages [Indigenous Languages of Latin America, 3], p. 137-148. Leiden: Research School of Asian, African, and Amerindian Studies (CNWS).
Bibliography
- Adelaar, Willem F. H.; & Muysken, Pieter C. (2004). The languages of the Andes. Cambridge language surveys. Cambridge University Press.
- Campbell, Lyle. (1997). American Indian languages: The historical linguistics of Native America. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-509427-1.
- Fabre, Alain (2005) Los Mataguayo (Online version: http://www.ling.fi/Entradas%20diccionario/Dic=Mataguayo.pdf)
External links
- Proel: Familia matákoan
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