Maclura

Maclura; Temporal range: (Molecular clock)
	M. pomifera foliage and fruit
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Rosids
Order:	Rosales
Family:	Moraceae
Tribe:	Maclureae
Genus:	Maclura; Nutt.[1]
Species
	See text

Maclura is a genus of flowering plants in the mulberry family, Moraceae. It includes the inedible Osage orange, which is used as mosquito repellent and grown throughout the United States as a hedging plant.[2] It is dioecious, with male and female flowers borne on separate plants.[3]

Maclura is closely related to the genus Cudrania, and hybrids between the two genera have been produced. Some botanists recognize a more broadly defined Maclura that includes species previously included in Cudrania and other genera of Moraceae. The genus likely originated in South America during the Paleogene.[4]

Species

Maclura africana (Africa)
Maclura amboinensis (Myanmar to New Guinea)
Maclura andamanica (Vietnam, Laos to Andaman Islands)
Maclura brasiliensis (Brazil, Honduras, Nicaragua, Peru, and Venezuela)
Maclura cochinchinensis (Syn.: Cudrania cochinchinensis, Cudrania javanensis, Vanieria cochinchinensis) (China, Vietnam, Malesia, N Australia)
Maclura fruticosa (China, Vietnam)
Maclura pomifera (Raf.) C.K.Schneid. – Osage-orange (United States)
Maclura pubescens (Syn.: M. cochichinensis var. pubescens) (China)
Maclura spinosa (India to Sri Lanka)
Maclura thorellii (Syn.: Cudrania thorellii) (Cambodia, Vietnam)
Maclura tinctoria (L.) D.Don ex Steud.
Maclura tricuspidata (Syn.: Cudrania tricuspidata, Cudrania triloba) (China, Vietnam and Korea)

Etymology

The genus is named in honor of William Maclure (1763-1840), a Scottish-born American geologist and educational reformer. President of the American Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia for 22 years. Maclure made major contributions to his field, including the first true geological map of any part of North America, and was a strong advocate of universal education, especially for women.

Formerly placed here

Milicia excelsa (as Maclura excelsa)
Milicia regia (as Maclura regia)
Broussonetia greveana (as Maclura greveana and Maclura humbertii)

Fossil record

Fossils similar to Maclura have been reported from the Middle Eocene of England.[5]

References

"Maclura Nutt". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 16 January 2009. Archived from the original on 15 January 2009. Retrieved 3 March 2009.
Burton, J D (1990). "Maclura pomifera". In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.). Hardwoods. Silvics of North America. Washington, D.C.: United States Forest Service (USFS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Vol. 2. Retrieved 3 March 2009 – via Southern Research Station.
C.C., Berg; Corner, E.J.H.; Jarrett, F.M. (2006). Moraceae - Genera other than Ficus. pp. 1–152. ISBN 9789071236648. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
Gardner, Elliot M.; Sarraf, Paya; Williams, Evelyn W.; Zerega, Nyree J.C. (December 2017). "Phylogeny and biogeography of Maclura (Moraceae) and the origin of an anachronistic fruit". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 117: 49–59. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2017.06.021. PMID 28698111.
"Broussonetia – Maclura clade, and its probable ancestral area… – Figure 2". Archived from the original on 11 February 2017. Retrieved 26 September 2023.

External links

Media related to Maclura at Wikimedia Commons Data related to Maclura at Wikispecies

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[1] "Maclura Nutt". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 16 January 2009. Archived from the original on 15 January 2009. Retrieved 3 March 2009.

[Silvics-2] Burton, J D (1990). "Maclura pomifera". In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.). Hardwoods. Silvics of North America. Washington, D.C.: United States Forest Service (USFS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Vol. 2. Retrieved 3 March 2009 – via Southern Research Station.

[3] C.C., Berg; Corner, E.J.H.; Jarrett, F.M. (2006). Moraceae - Genera other than Ficus. pp. 1–152. ISBN 9789071236648. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)

[4] Gardner, Elliot M.; Sarraf, Paya; Williams, Evelyn W.; Zerega, Nyree J.C. (December 2017). "Phylogeny and biogeography of Maclura (Moraceae) and the origin of an anachronistic fruit". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 117: 49–59. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2017.06.021. PMID 28698111.

[5] "Broussonetia – Maclura clade, and its probable ancestral area… – Figure 2". Archived from the original on 11 February 2017. Retrieved 26 September 2023.