List of formal systems

This is a list of formal systems, also known as logical calculi.

Mathematical

  • Domain relational calculus, a calculus for the relational data model
  • Functional calculus, a way to apply various types of functions to operators
  • Join calculus, a theoretical model for distributed programming
  • Lambda calculus, a formulation of the theory of reflexive functions that has deep connections to computational theory
  • Matrix calculus, a specialized notation for multivariable calculus over spaces of matrices
  • Modal μ-calculus, a common temporal logic used by formal verification methods such as model checking
  • Pi-calculus, a formulation of the theory of concurrent, communicating processes that was invented by Robin Milner
  • Predicate calculus, specifies the rules of inference governing the logic of predicates
  • Propositional calculus, specifies the rules of inference governing the logic of propositions
  • Refinement calculus, a way of refining models of programs into efficient programs
  • Rho calculus, introduced as a general means to uniformly integrate rewriting and lambda calculus
  • Tuple calculus, a calculus for the relational data model, inspired the SQL language
  • Umbral calculus, the combinatorics of certain operations on polynomials
  • Vector calculus (also called vector analysis), comprising specialized notations for multivariable analysis of vectors in an inner-product space

Other formal systems

  • Formal ethics – formal logical system for describing and evaluating the "form" as opposed to the "content" of ethical principles

Music is a formal system too. Please have editors illuminate on this.

See also

  • Formal system – Mathematical model for deduction or proof systems
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