Burnham, Buckinghamshire

Burnham is a large village and civil parish that lies north of the River Thames in Buckinghamshire, between the towns of Maidenhead and Slough, about 24 miles west of Charing Cross, London. It is probably best known for the nearby Burnham Beeches woodland.

Burnham
St Peter's parish church
Burnham is located in Buckinghamshire
Burnham
Burnham
Location within Buckinghamshire
Area19.84 km2 (7.66 sq mi)
Population11,630 (2011 census)[1]
• Density586/km2 (1,520/sq mi)
OS grid referenceSU9282
Civil parish
  • Burnham
Unitary authority
Ceremonial county
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townSlough
Postcode districtSL1, SL2
Dialling code01628
PoliceThames Valley
FireBuckinghamshire
AmbulanceSouth Central
UK Parliament

The village is served by Burnham railway station on the main line between London Paddington and Reading. The M4 motorway passes through the south of the parish.

History

The toponym is derived from the Old English for "homestead on a stream".[2] It was first recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Burneham, when the manor was held by Walter FitzOther.

Burnham was once a very important village. The Great West Road from London to Bath passed through the extensive parish of Burnham and as a result, in 1271, a Royal charter was granted to hold a market and an annual fair. However, when the first Maidenhead Bridge crossing the Thames opened c.1280, the road was diverted to the south of Burnham (the route of the modern A4), and Burnham fell into relative decline. The market was then transferred to Maidenhead.

Today the village is nearly contiguous with west Slough, though green-buffered by parkland. At the 2011 census the civil parish had a population of 11,630 and Burnham is the traditional village nucleus.[1]

Parish Church

The Church of England parish church of Saint Peter dates in part from the 12th century but has been substantially expanded, refurbished and altered, with major restorations in 1863–64 and 1891 and the construction of the Cornerstone Centre in 1986.[3]

Burnham Abbey
Main article: Burnham Abbey

In 1265 a Benedictine women's abbey was founded near the village by Richard, Earl of Cornwall. The community was dispersed under King Henry VIII in the Dissolution of the Monasteries. Since 1916, a contemplative order of Church of England Augustinian nuns has been based in the restored remains of the original abbey.

Hamlets

The parish of Burnham included a number of communities: in the 18th century the liberties assessed for the poor rate were Burnham Town, East Burnham, Boveney, Britwell, Cippenham and Wood.[4] Boveney became a separate civil parish in 1866[5] Cippenham was transferred to Slough in 1930,[6] and therefore became part of Berkshire in 1974. Britwell was transferred to the borough of Slough and to Berkshire in 1974.

The current civil parish now includes Lent Rise, Rose Hill, East Burnham, Hitcham, Littleworth and Littleworth Common.

Schools

The selective Burnham Grammar School provides secondary education

Amenities
The Old Five Bells

The village has a traditional High Street, with many buildings dating from the 18th and 19th century. There are two small supermarkets and five pubs on or near the High Street,[7] and many small independent cafes and shops. At the south end of the High Street is a large park, which contains the community centre of Burnham Park Hall and a small public library.

Burnham Football Club is a non-League football team that plays at the 1878 Stadium.

Burnham has a Local nature reserve on the eastern border of the village called Haymill Valley.[8]

Burnham Beeches National Nature Reserve, an area of 540 acres (220 ha) of protected ancient woodland, lies just north of the village. Owing to its proximity to Pinewood Film & TV Studios, Burnham and its surrounding areas (in particular Burnham Beeches) feature in films, notably main scenes in Carry On films and for the 1991 film Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves.

The major National Trust estate of Cliveden is about three miles northwest, in the neighbouring parish of Taplow. Dorneywood, currently the country home of the UK Chancellor of the Exchequer, is in Burnham parish.

The River Thames is about two miles south and west of the village centre. The major rowing venue of Dorney Lake is nearby. There are three golf courses (Huntswood, Lambourne, Burnham Beeches) to the north and west of the village.

In addition to Burnham railway station (Elizabeth Line) and the nearby M4, the Chiltern Main Line and the M40 are accessible about 5 miles north at Beaconsfield[9] while Heathrow Airport is about 12 miles east.[10]

Demography
2011 Published Statistics: Population, home ownership and extracts from Physical Environment, surveyed in 2005[1]
Output areaHomes owned outrightOwned with a loanSocially rentedPrivately rentedOtherkm2 roadskm2 waterkm2 domestic gardenskm2 domestic buildingskm2 non-domestic buildingsUsual residentskm2
Civil parish16321748780472600.7160.0571.9070.3550.1221163019.84

Notable people

References
  1. Key Statistics: Dwellings; Quick Statistics: Population Density; Physical Environment: Land Use Survey 2005
  2. Warminster, Phil; Wiltshire, Devises. "Old English Translator - Contact me". Old English Translator. lue Engine Web Development 2008-2017. Retrieved 8 October 2017.
  3. "St. Peter's Church Burnham – a brief history". Archived from the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 17 December 2006.
  4. 'Parishes: Burnham with Lower Boveney', in A History of the County of Buckingham: Volume 3, ed. William Page (London, 1925), pp. 165-184. British History Online http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/bucks/vol3/pp165-184 [accessed 23 April 2016]
  5. GB Historical GIS / University of Portsmouth, Boveney Ch/ParLib/CP through time | Census tables with data for the Parish-level Unit, A Vision of Britain through Time. URL: http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/unit/10093508 Date accessed: 23 April 2016.
  6. Vision of Britain website
  7. Whatpub.com - The Garibaldi and other nearby pubs in Burnham
  8. "Magic Map Application". Magic.defra.gov.uk. Retrieved 16 April 2017.
  9. "Google Maps - The Bee at Burnham to Beaconsfield Services M40 Junction 2". Retrieved 18 November 2020.
  10. "Google Maps - The Bee at Burnham to Heathrow terminal 5". Retrieved 18 November 2020.
  11. Rectors & Vicars of the Parish Church of St Peter, Burnham, GENUKI, Accessed 11 January 2022
  12. Taboo-buster: the dark side of Jimmy Carr, The Independent, 18 November 2008
  13. Tracey Ullman biography on album webpage – 'The Best of Tracey Ullman' Archived 15 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine

Further reading
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