KCNA4
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 4 also known as Kv1.4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KCNA4 gene.[5][6][7] It contributes to the cardiac transient outward potassium current (Ito1), the main contributing current to the repolarizing phase 1 of the cardiac action potential.[8]
| KCNA4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Identifiers | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Aliases | KCNA4, HBK4, HK1, HPCN2, HUKII, KCNA4L, KCNA8, KV1.4, PCN2, potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 4, MCIDDS | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| External IDs | OMIM: 176266 MGI: 96661 HomoloGene: 20514 GeneCards: KCNA4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Potassium channel Kv1.4 tandem inactivation domain | |||||||||
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 solution structure of the tandem inactivation domain (residues 1-75) of potassium channel rck4 (kv1.4) | |||||||||
| Identifiers | |||||||||
| Symbol | K_channel_TID | ||||||||
| Pfam | PF07941 | ||||||||
| InterPro | IPR012897 | ||||||||
| SCOP2 | 1kn7 / SCOPe / SUPFAM | ||||||||
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Description
Potassium channels represent the most complex class of voltage-gated ion channels from both functional and structural standpoints. Their diverse functions include regulating neurotransmitter release, heart rate, insulin secretion, neuronal excitability, epithelial electrolyte transport, smooth muscle contraction, and cell volume. Four sequence-related potassium channel genes - shaker, shaw, shab, and shal - have been identified in Drosophila, and each has been shown to have human homolog(s). This gene encodes a member of the potassium channel, voltage-gated, shaker-related subfamily. This member contains six membrane-spanning domains with a shaker-type repeat in the fourth segment. It belongs to the A-type potassium current class, the members of which may be important in the regulation of the fast repolarizing phase of action potentials in heart and thus may influence the duration of cardiac action potential. The coding region of this gene is intronless, and the gene is clustered with genes KCNA3 and KCNA10 on chromosome 1 in humans.[7]
KCNA4 (Kv1.4) contains a tandem inactivation domain at the N terminus. It is composed of two subdomains. Inactivation domain 1 (ID1, residues 1-38) consists of a flexible N terminus anchored at a 5-turn helix, and is thought to work by occluding the ion pathway, as is the case with a classical ball domain. Inactivation domain 2 (ID2, residues 40-50) is a 2.5 turn helix with a high proportion of hydrophobic residues that probably serves to attach ID1 to the cytoplasmic face of the channel. In this way, it can promote rapid access of ID1 to the receptor site in the open channel. ID1 and ID2 function together to bring about fast inactivation of the Kv1.4 channel, which is important for the role of the channel in short-term plasticity.[9]
Interactions
KCNA4 has been shown to interact with DLG4,[10][11][12][13] KCNA2[14] and DLG1.[10][12][15]
References
- GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000182255 - Ensembl, May 2017
- GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000042604 - Ensembl, May 2017
- "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- Philipson LH, Schaefer K, LaMendola J, Bell GI, Steiner DF (December 1990). "Sequence of a human fetal skeletal muscle potassium channel cDNA related to RCK4". Nucleic Acids Research. 18 (23): 7160. doi:10.1093/nar/18.23.7160. PMC 332806. PMID 2263489.
- Gutman GA, Chandy KG, Grissmer S, Lazdunski M, McKinnon D, Pardo LA, et al. (December 2005). "International Union of Pharmacology. LIII. Nomenclature and molecular relationships of voltage-gated potassium channels". Pharmacological Reviews. 57 (4): 473–508. doi:10.1124/pr.57.4.10. PMID 16382104. S2CID 219195192.
- "Entrez Gene: KCNA4 potassium voltage-gated channel, shaker-related subfamily, member 4".
- Oudit GY, Kassiri Z, Sah R, Ramirez RJ, Zobel C, Backx PH (May 2001). "The molecular physiology of the cardiac transient outward potassium current (I(to)) in normal and diseased myocardium". Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology. 33 (5): 851–72. doi:10.1006/jmcc.2001.1376. PMID 11343410. S2CID 829154.
- Wissmann R, Bildl W, Oliver D, Beyermann M, Kalbitzer HR, Bentrop D, Fakler B (May 2003). "Solution structure and function of the "tandem inactivation domain" of the neuronal A-type potassium channel Kv1.4". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 278 (18): 16142–50. doi:10.1074/jbc.M210191200. PMID 12590144.
- Inanobe A, Fujita A, Ito M, Tomoike H, Inageda K, Kurachi Y (June 2002). "Inward rectifier K+ channel Kir2.3 is localized at the postsynaptic membrane of excitatory synapses". American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology. 282 (6): C1396-403. doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00615.2001. PMID 11997254.
- Niethammer M, Valtschanoff JG, Kapoor TM, Allison DW, Weinberg RJ, Craig AM, Sheng M (April 1998). "CRIPT, a novel postsynaptic protein that binds to the third PDZ domain of PSD-95/SAP90". Neuron. 20 (4): 693–707. doi:10.1016/S0896-6273(00)81009-0. PMID 9581762. S2CID 16068361.
- Kim E, Sheng M (1996). "Differential K+ channel clustering activity of PSD-95 and SAP97, two related membrane-associated putative guanylate kinases". Neuropharmacology. 35 (7): 993–1000. doi:10.1016/0028-3908(96)00093-7. PMID 8938729. S2CID 23755452.
- Eldstrom J, Doerksen KW, Steele DF, Fedida D (November 2002). "N-terminal PDZ-binding domain in Kv1 potassium channels". FEBS Letters. 531 (3): 529–37. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(02)03572-X. PMID 12435606. S2CID 40689829.
- Coleman SK, Newcombe J, Pryke J, Dolly JO (August 1999). "Subunit composition of Kv1 channels in human CNS". Journal of Neurochemistry. 73 (2): 849–58. doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.1999.0730849.x. PMID 10428084. S2CID 20632070.
- Eldstrom J, Choi WS, Steele DF, Fedida D (July 2003). "SAP97 increases Kv1.5 currents through an indirect N-terminal mechanism". FEBS Letters. 547 (1–3): 205–11. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(03)00668-9. PMID 12860415. S2CID 34857270.
Further reading
- Scott HS, Litjens T, Hopwood JJ, Morris CP (November 1992). "PCR detection of two RFLPs in exon I of the alpha-L-iduronidase (IDUA) gene". Human Genetics. 90 (3): 327. doi:10.1007/bf00220095. PMID 1362562. S2CID 22700269.
- Gessler M, Grupe A, Grzeschik KH, Pongs O (November 1992). "The potassium channel gene HK1 maps to human chromosome 11p14.1, close to the FSHB gene". Human Genetics. 90 (3): 319–21. doi:10.1007/bf00220091. PMID 1487251. S2CID 10237322.
- Philipson LH, Hice RE, Schaefer K, LaMendola J, Bell GI, Nelson DJ, Steiner DF (January 1991). "Sequence and functional expression in Xenopus oocytes of a human insulinoma and islet potassium channel". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 88 (1): 53–7. Bibcode:1991PNAS...88...53P. doi:10.1073/pnas.88.1.53. PMC 50746. PMID 1986382.
- Tamkun MM, Knoth KM, Walbridge JA, Kroemer H, Roden DM, Glover DM (March 1991). "Molecular cloning and characterization of two voltage-gated K+ channel cDNAs from human ventricle". FASEB Journal. 5 (3): 331–7. doi:10.1096/fasebj.5.3.2001794. PMID 2001794. S2CID 23737559.
- Kim E, Niethammer M, Rothschild A, Jan YN, Sheng M (November 1995). "Clustering of Shaker-type K+ channels by interaction with a family of membrane-associated guanylate kinases". Nature. 378 (6552): 85–8. Bibcode:1995Natur.378...85K. doi:10.1038/378085a0. PMID 7477295. S2CID 4362906.
- Klocke R, Roberds SL, Tamkun MM, Gronemeier M, Augustin A, Albrecht B, et al. (December 1993). "Chromosomal mapping in the mouse of eight K(+)-channel genes representing the four Shaker-like subfamilies Shaker, Shab, Shaw, and Shal". Genomics. 18 (3): 568–74. doi:10.1016/S0888-7543(05)80358-1. PMID 7905852.
- Philipson LH, Eddy RL, Shows TB, Bell GI (February 1993). "Assignment of human potassium channel gene KCNA4 (Kv1.4, PCN2) to chromosome 11q13.4-->q14.1". Genomics. 15 (2): 463–4. doi:10.1006/geno.1993.1094. PMID 8449523.
- Niethammer M, Kim E, Sheng M (April 1996). "Interaction between the C terminus of NMDA receptor subunits and multiple members of the PSD-95 family of membrane-associated guanylate kinases". The Journal of Neuroscience. 16 (7): 2157–63. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.16-07-02157.1996. PMC 6578538. PMID 8601796.
- Kim E, Sheng M (1997). "Differential K+ channel clustering activity of PSD-95 and SAP97, two related membrane-associated putative guanylate kinases". Neuropharmacology. 35 (7): 993–1000. doi:10.1016/0028-3908(96)00093-7. PMID 8938729. S2CID 23755452.
- Kim E, Naisbitt S, Hsueh YP, Rao A, Rothschild A, Craig AM, Sheng M (February 1997). "GKAP, a novel synaptic protein that interacts with the guanylate kinase-like domain of the PSD-95/SAP90 family of channel clustering molecules". The Journal of Cell Biology. 136 (3): 669–78. doi:10.1083/jcb.136.3.669. PMC 2134290. PMID 9024696.
- Niethammer M, Valtschanoff JG, Kapoor TM, Allison DW, Weinberg RJ, Craig AM, Sheng M (April 1998). "CRIPT, a novel postsynaptic protein that binds to the third PDZ domain of PSD-95/SAP90". Neuron. 20 (4): 693–707. doi:10.1016/S0896-6273(00)81009-0. PMID 9581762. S2CID 16068361.
- Brenman JE, Topinka JR, Cooper EC, McGee AW, Rosen J, Milroy T, et al. (November 1998). "Localization of postsynaptic density-93 to dendritic microtubules and interaction with microtubule-associated protein 1A". The Journal of Neuroscience. 18 (21): 8805–13. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.18-21-08805.1998. PMC 6793550. PMID 9786987.
- Coleman SK, Newcombe J, Pryke J, Dolly JO (August 1999). "Subunit composition of Kv1 channels in human CNS". Journal of Neurochemistry. 73 (2): 849–58. doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.1999.0730849.x. PMID 10428084. S2CID 20632070.
- D'Adamo MC, Imbrici P, Sponcichetti F, Pessia M (August 1999). "Mutations in the KCNA1 gene associated with episodic ataxia type-1 syndrome impair heteromeric voltage-gated K(+) channel function". FASEB Journal. 13 (11): 1335–45. doi:10.1096/fasebj.13.11.1335. PMID 10428758. S2CID 12876970.
- Hogan A, Shepherd L, Chabot J, Quenneville S, Prescott SM, Topham MK, Gee SH (July 2001). "Interaction of gamma 1-syntrophin with diacylglycerol kinase-zeta. Regulation of nuclear localization by PDZ interactions". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 276 (28): 26526–33. doi:10.1074/jbc.M104156200. PMID 11352924.
- Cukovic D, Lu GW, Wible B, Steele DF, Fedida D (June 2001). "A discrete amino terminal domain of Kv1.5 and Kv1.4 potassium channels interacts with the spectrin repeats of alpha-actinin-2". FEBS Letters. 498 (1): 87–92. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(01)02505-4. PMID 11389904. S2CID 20622483.
- Imamura F, Maeda S, Doi T, Fujiyoshi Y (February 2002). "Ligand binding of the second PDZ domain regulates clustering of PSD-95 with the Kv1.4 potassium channel". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (5): 3640–6. doi:10.1074/jbc.M106940200. PMID 11723117.
- Piserchio A, Pellegrini M, Mehta S, Blackman SM, Garcia EP, Marshall J, Mierke DF (March 2002). "The PDZ1 domain of SAP90. Characterization of structure and binding". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (9): 6967–73. doi:10.1074/jbc.M109453200. PMID 11744724.
External links
- Kv1.4+Potassium+Channel at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
- KCNA4+protein,+human at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
- Overview of all the structural information available in the PDB for UniProt: P15385 (Rat Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 4) at the PDBe-KB.
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