List of governors of Portuguese India
The government of Portuguese India (Portuguese: Índia Portuguesa) started on 12 September 1505, seven years after the Portuguese discovery of the sea route to India by Vasco da Gama, with the nomination of the first Portuguese viceroy Francisco de Almeida, then settled at Cochin. Until 1752, the name India included all Portuguese possessions in the Indian Ocean, from Southern Africa to Southeast Asia, governed – either by a viceroy or governor – from its headquarters, established in Old Goa since 1510. In 1752 Portuguese Mozambique was granted its own government, and in 1844 the Portuguese government of India ceased administering the territory of Portuguese Macau, Solor and Portuguese Timor, seeing itself thus confined to a reduced territorial possessions along the Konkan, Canara and Malabar Coasts, which would further be reduced to the present-day state of Goa and the union territory of Daman. Portuguese control ceased in Dadra and Nagar Haveli in 1954, and finally ceased in Goa in 1961, when the area was occupied by the Republic of India (although Portugal only recognised the occupation after the Carnation Revolution in 1974, by a treaty signed on 31 December 1974[1][2]). This ended four and a half centuries of Portuguese rule in parts – though tiny – of India.
| Viceroy of Portuguese India | |
|---|---|
| Portuguese: Vice-rei da Índia Portuguesa | |
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| Residence | Viceroy's House |
| Nominator | Prime Minister of Portugal |
| Appointer | Monarch of Portugal (1505–1910) President of Portugal (1910–1961) |
| Precursor | None |
| Formation | 12 September 1505 |
| First holder | Tristão da Cunha |
| Final holder | Manuel António Vassalo e Silva |
| Abolished | 19 December 1961 |
| Succession | Governor of Goa |
Map of Portuguese India, 1923.
It may be noted that during the term of the monarchy, the title of the head of the Portuguese government in India ranged from "governor" to "viceroy". The title of viceroy would only be assigned to members of the nobility; it was formally terminated in 1774, although it has later been given sporadically to be decisively ended after 1835, as shown below.
List
The following is a list of rulers during the history of Portuguese India as a viceroyalty or governorship.[3]
| Official title | Office-holder | Mandate begin | Mandate end | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Viceroy (nom.) | D. Tristão da Cunha | – | – | First to be nominated viceroy, but was unable to assume office |
| Viceroy | D. Francisco de Almeida | 12 September 1505 | November 1509 | First governor and first viceroy of Portuguese India, appointed by King Manuel I of Portugal (r.1495–1521), conquered Kilwa, erected forts in Anjediva, Cochin, Cannanore, refused to cede office until after Battle of Diu, died at Table Bay, on return voyage, March 1510 |
| Governor and Captain-General(*) | Afonso de Albuquerque | 4 November 1509 | September 1515 | Appointment disputed and delayed by predecessor, conquered Goa, Malacca, Muscat and Hormuz, died off Goa, December 1515 |
| Governor | Lopo Soares de Albergaria | 8 September 1515 | September 1518 | Erected forts in Colombo (Ceylon) and Kollam, returned to Portugal |
| Governor | Diogo Lopes de Sequeira | 8 September 1518 | January 1522 | Old explorer and former designated captain of Malacca (1509, aborted), erected forts in Chaul, Maldives and Pacem, sent embassies to Ethiopia, Pegu and China, returned to Portugal |
| Governor | D. Duarte de Menezes | 22 January 1522 | September 1524 | Former captain of Tangier, grandson (via Tarouca line) of the famous Duarte de Menezes (Count of Viana), dismissed and returned to Portugal |
| Viceroy | D. Vasco da Gama | 5 September 1524 | December 1524 | old discoverer of Indies route, now Count of Vidigueira, second Viceroy, first appointee of new King John III of Portugal (r.1521–1557), died at Cochin, December 1524 |
| Governor | D. Henrique de Menezes (o Roxo) | 17 January 1525 | February 1526 | succeeded in India by death of predecessor, died at Cannanore, February 1526 |
| Governor | Lopo Vaz de Sampaio | February 1526 | November 1529 | succeeded in India by death of predecessor (third in line), refused to yield government to designated successor Pedro Mascarenhas, captain of Malacca), arrested, returned to Portugal as prisoner |
| Governor | Nuno da Cunha | 18 November 1529 | September 1538 | son of Tristão da Cunha, arrival delayed by shipwreck in Madagascar, conquered northern province (Bassein, Bombay, Diu, Daman) died at sea on return to Portugal, March 1539 |
| Viceroy | D. Garcia de Noronha | 14 September 1538 | April 1540 | Third Viceroy, nephew of Afonso de Albuquerque, died in Cochin, April 1540 |
| Governor | D. Estêvão da Gama | 3 April 1540 | May 1542 | son of Vasco da Gama, captain of Portuguese Malacca (f.1538), succeeded in India by death of predecessor, returned to Portugal |
| Governor | Martim Afonso de Sousa | 8 May 1542 | 1545 | donatary-captain of São Vicente (Brazil, f. 1534), returned to Portugal |
| Governor | D. João de Castro | 10 September 1545 | 1548 | Nephew of D. Garcia de Noronha, promoted to Viceroy in early 1548 |
| Viceroy | D. João de Castro | 1548 | June 1548 | Fourth viceroy. Died at Goa, June 1548 |
| Governor | Garcia de Sá | 6 June 1548 | June 1549 | succeeded in India by death of predecessor, first governor married in India, acquired Bardez and Salcette, died at Goa, June 1549 |
| Governor | Jorge Cabral | 13 June 1549 | November 1550 | succeeded in India by death of predecessor, returned to Portugal |
| Viceroy | D. Afonso de Noronha | November 1550 | September 1554 | Fifth Viceroy (henceforth all Governors appointed in Lisbon will have rank of 'Viceroy'), former governor of Ceuta, 1540–49, son of Fernando de Menezes (Marquis of Vila Real), returned to Portugal |
| Viceroy | D. Pedro Mascarenhas | 23 September 1554 | June 1555 | old discoverer of Indian Ocean islands, former captain of Malacca (1525–26), died at Goa, June 1555 |
| Governor | Francisco Barreto | 16 June 1555 | September 1558 | succeeded in India by death of predecessor, returned to Portugal. Later (1570) returned as governor of East Africa(**), led expedition to Monomatapa and died in Tete. |
| Viceroy | D. Constantino de Braganza | 8 September 1558 | September 1561 | Son of James (Duke of Braganza), first appointee of Catherine of Austria, (regent of new King Sebastian of Portugal), returned to Portugal |
| Viceroy | D. Francisco Coutinho (Count of Redondo) | 7 September 1561 | 19 February 1564 | Died at Goa, February 1564 |
| Governor | João de Mendonça | 19 February 1564 | September 1564 | former captain of Malacca, succeeded in India by death of predecessor, returned to Portugal |
| Viceroy | D. António de Noronha (Antão) | 3 September 1564 | September 1568 | former captain of Ceuta (1549), and Hormuz (c. 1560) nephew of earlier India governor D. Afonso de Noronha, died at sea on return to Portugal |
| Viceroy | D. Luís de Ataíde | 10 September 1568 | September 1571 | future Count of Atouguia (f.1577), first appointee of King Sebastian of Portugal in his own right returned to Portugal |
| Viceroy(**) | D. António de Noronha (o Catarraz) | 6 September 1571 | December 1573 | Not to be confused with earlier namesake, governor in Goa of a reduced India (**), co-equal with António Moniz Barreto (in Malacca) and Francisco Barreto (in Sofala), dismissed and returned to Portugal |
| Governor | António Moniz Barreto | 9 December 1573 | September 1576 | Governor of Malacca, succeeded in India after dismissal of predecessor, returned to Portugal |
| Governor | D. Diogo de Menezes | September 1576 | August 1578 | Son of Tangier captain João de Menezes ("o Craveiro") Succeeded in India after appointed viceroy, Rui Lourenço de Távora, died en route (off Mozambique), returned to Portugal. |
| Viceroy | D. Luís de Ataíde (second time) | 31 August 1578 | March 1581 | Second appointment, now Count of Atouguia, already in India when news of the king's death at Alcazarquivir arrived, managed India through the early stages of 1580 succession crisis, died in Goa, March 1581 |
| Governor | Fernão Teles de Menezes | March 1581 | September 1581 | Succeeded in India by death of predecessor (as per prior instructions of the late Cardinal-King Henry), considered the last governor of the House of Avis, received news of ascension of Habsburg king Philip I of Portugal, administered oaths of loyalty of Portuguese India colonies to new monarchy, returned to Portugal. |
| Viceroy | Francisco de Mascarenhas | 1581 | 1584 | Donatary-captain in the Azores First appointee of Philip I of Portugal (r.1581–1598), returned to Portugal. |
| Viceroy | D. Duarte de Menezes | 1584 | 4 May 1588 | Former governor of Tangier (1474–78), Algarve (1580), grandson of earlier India governor Duarte de Menezes, Died in Goa, May 1588. |
| Governor | D. Manuel de Sousa Coutinho | May 1588 | 1591 | Former governor of Ceylon, current governor of Malacca Succeeded in India by death of predecessor, Died in shipwreck while returning to Portugal. |
| Viceroy | Matias de Albuquerque | 1591 | 1597 | |
| Viceroy | D. Francisco da Gama, conde da Vidigueira | 1597 | 1600 | |
| Viceroy | Aires de Saldanha | 1600 | 1605 | |
| Viceroy | Martim Afonso de Castro | 1605 | June 1607 | Died at Malacca in June 1607 |
| Governor | Fr. Aleixo de Meneses, Archbishop of Goa | June 1607 | 1609 | |
| Governor | André Furtado de Mendonça | 1609 | ||
| Viceroy | Rui Lourenço de Távora | 1609 | 1612 | |
| Viceroy | D. Jerónimo de Azevedo | 1612 | 1617 | |
| Viceroy | D. João Coutinho | 1617 | 1619 | |
| Governor | Fernão de Albuquerque | 1619 | 1622 | |
| Viceroy | D. Francisco da Gama (second time) | 1622 | 1628 | |
| Viceroy | Fr. Luís de Brito e Meneses, Bishop of Meliapore | 1628 | July 1629 | Died at Cochim in July 1629 |
| Governing Council | 1. Nuno Álvares Botelho 2. D. Lourenço da Cunha 3. Gonçalo Pinto da Fonseca | 1629 | ||
| Viceroy | Miguel de Noronha, conde de Linhares | 1629 | 1635 | |
| Viceroy | Pero da Silva | 1635 | June 1639 | Died at Goa in June 1639 |
| Governor | António Teles de Meneses | 1639 | 1640 | |
| Viceroy | João da Silva Telo e Meneses, conde de Aveiras | 1640 | 1644 | Returned to Portugal |
| Viceroy | Filipe Mascarenhas | 1644 | 1651 | |
| Viceroy | João da Silva Telo e Meneses, conde de Aveiras (second time) | 1651 | Died at Mozambique, en route to India | |
| Governing Council | 1. Fr. Francisco dos Mártires (Archbp of Goa) 2. Francisco de Melo e Castro 3. António de Sousa Coutinho | 1651 | 1652 | |
| Viceroy | Vasco Mascarenhas, 1st Count of Óbedos | 1652 | 1655 | Expelled in internal coup |
| Usurper | Brás de Castro | 1655 | Arrested by successor | |
| Governor | Rodrigo Lobo da Silveira, Count of Sarzedas | 23 Aug 1655 | 14 January 1656 | Died at Goa in January 1656 |
| Governor | Manuel Mascarenhas Homem | 14 January 1656 | 22 May 1656 | |
| Governing Council | 1. Manuel Mascarenhas Homem 2. Francisco de Melo e Castro 3. António de Sousa Coutinho | January 1656 | 1661 | |
| Governing Council | 1. Luís de Mendonça Furtado e Albuquerque 2. Manuel Mascarenhas Homem 3. D. Pedro de Lencastre | 1661 | ||
| Governing Council | 1. Luís de Mendonça Furtado e Albuquerque, 2. António de Melo e Castro 3. D. Pedro de Lencastre | 1661 | 1662 | |
| Viceroy | António de Melo e Castro | 16 December 1662 | 1666 | |
| Viceroy | João Nunes da Cunha, Count of São Vicente | 1666 | November 1668 | Died at Goa in November 1668 |
| Governing Council | 1. António de Melo e Castro, 2. Manuel Corte-Real de Sampaio 3. Luís de Miranda Henriques | November 1668 | 1671 | |
| Viceroy | Luís de Mendonça Furtado e Albuquerque | 1671 | 1676 | Died off Lisbon on return voyage |
| Viceroy | D. Pedro de Almeida, Conde de Assumar | 1676 | 1678 | Died at Goa in 1678 |
| Interim Governor | António Brandão, Archbishop of Goa (sometime with António Pais de Sande) | 1678 | 1681 | |
| Viceroy | Francisco de Távora, conde de Alvor | 1681 | 1686 | |
| Governor | D. Rodrigo da Costa | 1686 | 1690 | |
| Governor | D. Miguel de Almeida | 1690 | January 1691 | Died at Goa in January 1691 |
| Governing Council | 1. Fernando Martins Mascarenhas Lencastre 2. Fr. Agostinho da Anunciação (Archbp of Goa) | January 1691 | 1692 | |
| Viceroy | Pedro António de Meneses Noronha de Albuquerque | 1692 | 1697 | Returned to Portugal |
| Viceroy | António Luís Gonçalves da Câmara Coutinho | 1697 | 1701 | |
| Governing Council | 1. Fr. Agostinho da Anunciação (Archp of Goa) 2. D. Vasco Lima Coutinho | 1701 | 1702 | |
| Viceroy | Caetano de Melo e Castro | 1702 | 1707 | |
| Viceroy | D. Rodrigo da Costa (second time, as Viceroy now) | 1707 | 1712 | |
| Viceroy | Vasco Fernandes César de Meneses, Count of Sabugosa | 1712 | 1717 | Returned to Portugal |
| Governor | Fr. Sebastião de Andrade Pessanha, Archbishop of Goa | January 1717 | October 1717 | |
| Viceroy | Luís Carlos Inácio Xavier de Meneses, 5th Count of Ericeira | October 1717 | 1720 | |
| Viceroy | Francisco José de Sampaio e Castro | 1720 | July 1723 | Died at Goa in July 1723 |
| Interim Governor | Cristóvão de Melo | July 1723 | ||
| Governing Council | 1. Cristóvão de Melo 2. Fr. Inácio de Santa Teresa (Archbp of Goa) 3. Cristóvão Luís de Andrade | 1723 | 1725 | |
| Viceroy | João de Saldanha da Gama | 1725 | 1732 | Returned to Portugal |
| Governing Council | 1. Cristóvão de Melo 2. Fr. Inácio de Santa Teresa (Archbp of Goa) 3. Tomé Gomes Moreira | 1732 | ||
| Viceroy | Pedro Mascarenhas, 1st Count of Sandomil | 1732 | 1740 | Returned to Portugal |
| Viceroy | Luís Carlos Inácio Xavier de Meneses, 1st Marquis of Louriçal (second time) | 1740 | 1742 | Died at Goa in 1742 |
| Governing Council | 1. Francisco de Vasconcelos 2. Lourenço de Noronha 3. Luís Caetano de Almeida | 1742 | 1744 | |
| Viceroy | Pedro Miguel de Almeida Portugal e Vasconcelos, Count of Assumar, marquis of Alorna | 1744 | 1750 | |
| Viceroy | Francisco de Assis de Távora, marquis of Távora | September 1750 | 1754 | Returned to Portugal, executed in 1759 |
| Viceroy | Luís Mascarenhas, Count of Alva | 1754 | June 1756 | Killed in action by the Maratha Army at Goa in June 1756 |
| Governing Council | 1. António Taveira da Neiva Brum da Silveira (Archbp of Goa) 2. João de Mesquista Matos Teixeira 3. Filipe de Valadares | 1756 | 1757 | |
| Viceroy | Manuel de Saldanha e Albuquerque, Count of Ega | 1758 | 1765 | Returned to Portugal |
| Council | 1. António Taveira da Neiva Brum da Silveira (Archbp of Goa) 2. João Baptista Vaz Pereira 3. D. João José de Melo | 1765 | 1768 | |
| Governor | João José de Melo | 1768 | 1771 | Promoted to Captain-General in 1771 (***) |
| Governor and Captain-General | João José de Melo | 1771 | January 1774 | Died at Goa in January 1774 |
| Interim Governor | Filipe de Valadares Sotomaior | 1774 | ||
| Governor and Captain-General of India | D. José Pedro da Câmara | 1774 | 1779 | |
| Governor and Captain-General of India | D. Frederico Guilherme de Sousa Holstein | 1779 | 1786 | |
| Governor and Captain-General of India | Francisco da Cunha e Meneses | 1786 | 1794 | |
| Governor and Captain-General of India | Francisco António da Veiga Cabral da Câmara, Viscount of Mirandela | 1794 | 1806 | |
| Viceroy and Captain-General of India | D. Bernardo José Maria da Silveira e Lorena, Count of Sarzedas | 1806 | 1816 | |
| Viceroy and Captain-General of India | D. Diogo de Sousa, Count of Rio Pardo | 1816 | 1821 | |
| Provisional Junta of Government of the State of India | Manuel José Gomes Loureiro, Manuel Godinho Mira, Joaquim Manuel Correia da Silva e Gama, Gonçalo de Magalhães Teixeira Pinto Manuel Duarte Leitão | 1821 | ||
| Provisional Junta of Government of the State of India | D. Manuel da Câmara, D. Frei de São Tomás de Aquino, António José de Melo Sotomaior Teles, João Carlos Leal António José de Lima Leitão | 1821 | 1822 | |
| Provisional Junta of Government of the State of India | D. Manuel da Câmara, D. Frei de São Tomás de Aquino, António José de Melo Sotomaior Teles, João Carlos Leal, Joaquim Mourão Garcez Palha | 1822 | 1823 | |
| Viceroy and Captain-General of India | D. Manuel da Câmara | 1823 | 1825 | Dissolved Junta and assumed de facto title of Governor of Portuguese India |
| Government Council of the State of India | D. Frei Manuel de São Galdino, Cândido José Mourão Garcez Palha, António Ribeiro de Carvalho | 1825 | 1826 | |
| Governor and Captain-General of India | D. Manuel Francisco Zacarias de Portugal e Castro | 1826 | 1830 | |
| Viceroy and Captain-General of India | D. Manuel Francisco Zacarias de Portugal e Castro | 1826 | 1835 | |
| Governor | Bernardo Peres da Silva | 1835 | ||
| Governor | D. Manuel Francisco Zacarias de Portugal e Castro | 1835 | ||
| Governor | Joaquim Manuel Correia da Silva e Gama | 1835 | ||
| Government Council of the State of India | João Casimiro Pereira da Rocha de Vasconcelos, Manuel José Ribeiro, Frei Constantino de Santa Rita, João Cabral de Estefique, António Maria de Melo, Joaquim António de Morais Carneiro, António Mariano de Azevedo, José António de Lemos | 1835 | 1837 | After 1836 confined to Goa |
| Governor | Bernardo Peres da Silva | 1836 | 1837 | Governor of Daman and Diu, provisional governor of Goa |
| Governor | Simão Infante de Lacerda de Sousa Tavares, Baron of Sabroso | 1837 | 1839 | (restored unity to Portuguese India) |
| Governor | José António Vieira da Fonseca | 1839 | ||
| Governor | Manuel José Mendes, Baron of Candal | 1839 | 1840 | |
| Government Council of the State of India | José António Vieira da Fonseca, José Câncio Freire de Lima, António João de Ataíde, Domingos José Mariano Luís, José da Costa Campos, Caetano de Sousa e Vasconcelos | 1840 | ||
| Interim Governor | José Joaquim Lopes Lima | 1840 | 1842 | |
| Government Council of the State of India | António Ramalho de Sá, António José de Melo Sotomaior Teles, António João de Ataíde, José da Costa Campos Caetano de Sousa e Vasconcelos | 1842 | ||
| Governor | Francisco Xavier da Silva Pereira, Count of Antas | 1842 | 1843 | |
| Governor | Joaquim Mourão Garcez Palha | 1843 | 1844 | |
| Governor | José Ferreira Pestana | 1844 | 1851 | |
| Governor | José Joaquim Januário Lapa, Viscount of Vila Nova de Ourém | 1851 | 1855 | |
| Government Council of the State of India | D. Frei Joaquim de Santa Rita Botelho, Arcebispo de Goa e Primaz das Índias, Luís da Costa Campos, Francisco Xavier Peres, Bernardo Heitor da Silva e Lorena, Vítor Anastácio Mourão Garcez Palha | 1855 | ||
| Governor | António César de Vasconcelos Correia, Count of Torres Novas | 1855 | 1864 | |
| Governor | José Ferreira Pestana | 1864 | 1870 | 2nd term |
| Governor | Januário Correia de Almeida, Count of São Januário | 1870 | 1871 | |
| Governor | Joaquim José Macedo e Couto | 1871 | 1875 | |
| Governor | João Tavares de Almeida | 1875 | 1877 | |
| Government Council of the State of India | D. Aires de Ornelas e Vasconcelos, Archbishop of Goa and Primate of the Indies, João Caetano da Silva Campos, Francisco Xavier Soares da Veiga Eduardo Augusto de Sá Nogueira Pinto Balsemão | 1877 | ||
| Governor | António Sérgio de Sousa | 1877 | 1878 | |
| Government Council of the State of India | D. Aires de Ornelas e Vasconcelos, Archbishop of Goa and Primate of the Indies, João Caetano da Silva Campos, Francisco Xavier Soares da Veiga António Sérgio de Sousa Júnior | 1878 | ||
| Governor | Caetano Alexandre de Almeida e Albuquerque | 1878 | 1882 | |
| Governor | Carlos Eugénio Correia da Silva, Viscount of Paço d'Arcos | 1882 | 1886 | |
| Government Council of the State of India | D. António Sebastião Valente, Archbishop of Goa and Patriarch of the East Indies, José de Sá Coutinho, José Inácio de Brito José Maria Teixeira Guimarães | 1886 | ||
| Governor | Francisco Joaquim Ferreira do Amaral | 1886 | ||
| Government Council of the State of India | D. António Sebastião Valente, Archbishop of Goa and Patriarch of the East Indies, José de Sá Coutinho, José Inácio de Brito José Maria Teixeira Guimarães | 1886 | ||
| Governor | Augusto César Cardoso de Carvalho | 1886 | 1889 | |
| Interim Governor | Joaquim Augusto Mouzinho de Albuquerque | 1889 | ||
| Government Council of the State of India | D. António Sebastião Valente, Archbishop of Goa and Patriarch of the East Indies, Joaquim Borges de Azevedo Enes, José Inácio de Brito, Joaquim Augusto Mouzinho de Albuquerque | 1889 | ||
| Governor | Vasco Guedes de Carvalho e Meneses | 1889 | 1891 | |
| Governor | Francisco Maria da Cunha | 1891 | ||
| Interim Governor | João Manuel Correia Taborda | 1891 | 1892 | 1st term |
| Government Council of the State of India | D. António Sebastião Valente, Archbishop of Goa and Patriarch of the East Indies, Luís Fisher Berquó Falcão, Raimundo Maria Correia Mendes, João Manuel Correia Taborda | 1892 | ||
| Governor | Francisco Teixeira da Silva | 1892 | 1893 | |
| Government Council of the State of India | Luís Poças Falcão, Raimundo Maria Correia Mendes, João Manuel Correia Taborda | 1893 | ||
| Governor | Rafael Jácome de Andrade | 1893 | 1894 | 1st term |
| Interim Governor | João Manuel Correia Taborda | 1894 | 2nd term | |
| Government Council of the State of India | D. António Sebastião Valente, Archbishop of Goa and Patriarch of the East Indies, Francisco António Ochoa, Luís Carneiro de Sousa e Faro, João Manuel Correia Taborda | 1894 | ||
| Governor | Elesbão José de Bettencourt Lapa, Viscount of Vila Nova de Ourém | 1894 | 1895 | |
| Governor | Rafael Jácome de Andrade | 1895 | 1896 | 2nd term |
| Viceroy | Prince D. Afonso Henriques de Bragança, Duke of Porto | 1896 | ||
| Interim Governor | João António de Brissac das Neves Ferreira | 1896 | 1897 | |
| Interim Governor | João Manuel Correia Taborda | 1897 | 3rd term | |
| Government Council of the State of India | D. António Sebastião Valente, Archbishop of Goa and Patriarch of the East Indies, Francisco António Ochoa, João de Melo Sampaio, João Manuel Correia Taborda | 1897 | ||
| Government Council of the State of India | D. António Sebastião Valente, Archbishop of Goa and Patriarch of the East Indies, Abel Augusto Correia do Pinto, João de Melo Sampaio, João Manuel Correia Taborda | 1897 | ||
| Governor | Joaquim José Machado | 1897 | 1900 | |
| Governor | Eduardo Augusto Rodrigues Galhardo | 1900 | 1905 | |
| Government Council of the State of India | D. António Sebastião Valente, Archbishop of Goa and Patriarch of the East Indies, Alfredo Mendonça David, José Emílio Santana da Cunha Castel-Branco, Francisco Maria Peixoto Vieira | 1905 | ||
| Governor | Arnaldo de Novais Guedes Rebelo | 1905 | 1907 | |
| Government Council of the State of India | Bernardo Nunes Garcia, César Augusto Rancon, Francisco Maria Peixoto Vieira | 1907 | ||
| Governor | José Maria de Sousa Horta e Costa | 1907 | 1910 | |
| Governor-General | Francisco Manuel Couceiro da Costa | 1910 | 1917 | |
| Interim Governor-General | Francisco Maria Peixoto Vieira | 1917 | 1st term | |
| Government Council of the State of India | Francisco Peixoto de Oliveira e Silva, Francisco Wolfgango da Silva, Francisco Maria Peixoto Vieira | 1917 | ||
| Governor-General | José de Freitas Ribeiro | 1917 | 1919 | |
| Interim Governor-General | Augusto de Paiva Bobela da Mota | 1919 | 1920 | |
| Governador-General | Jaime Alberto de Castro Morais | 1920 | 1925 | |
| Interim Governor-General | Francisco Maria Peixoto Vieira | 1925 | 2nd term | |
| Governor-General | Mariano Martins | 1925 | 1926 | |
| Interim Governor-General | Tito Augusto de Morais | 1926 | ||
| Interim Governor-General | Acúrcio Mendes da Rocha Dinis | 1926 | 1927 | |
| Governor-General | Pedro Francisco Massano de Amorim | 1927 | 1929 | |
| Interim Governor-General | Acúrcio Mendes da Rocha Dinis | 1929 | ||
| Governor-General | Alfredo Pedro de Almeida | 1929 | 1930 | |
| Governor-General | João Carlos Craveiro Lopes | 1930 | 1936 | |
| Interim Governor-General | Francisco Craveiro Lopes | 1936 | 1938 | |
| Governor-General | José Ricardo Pereira Cabral | 1938 | 1945 | |
| Interim Governor-General | Paulo Bénard Guedes | 1945 | 1946 | |
| Governor-General | José Ferreira Bossa | 1946 | 1947 | |
| Interim Governor-General | José Alves Ferreira | 1947 | 1948 | |
| Governor-General | Fernando de Quintanilha e Mendonça Dias | 1948 | 1952 | |
| Governor-General | Paulo Bénard Guedes | 1952 | 1958 | |
| Governor-General | Manuel António Vassalo e Silva | 1958 | 1961 | |
(*) – In 1508, King Manuel I of Portugal devised a plan to partition the Portuguese empire in Asia into three separate governments or "high captaincies" – (1) Captain-Major of the seas of Ethiopia, Arabia and Persia, centered at Socotra, was to cover the East African and Arabian-Persian coasts, from Sofala to Diu; (2) Captain-Major of the seas of India, centered at Cochin, was to cover the Indian coast from Diu down to Cape Comorin. Afonso de Albuquerque was Captain-General of the latter. Jorge de Aguiar was made Captain-General of the former. A third high captaincy, covering Asia east of Cape Comorin (yet to be explored) was assigned to Diogo Lopes de Sequeira, who was assigned that year to discover Malacca. The triarchy experiment failed – Aguiar drowned en route, while Sequeira quit the region in 1509, after his debacle at Malacca, leaving Albuquerque sole governor of the whole unpartitioned complex.
(**) – Around 1570, King Sebastian of Portugal tried to partition the Portuguese State of India into three separate governments (much like Manuel's plan of 1508) – a western state based around Sofala (covering the East African coast from Cape Correntes to Cape Guardafui), a central state ruled from Goa (covering the area between the Red Sea and Ceylon, encompassing India, reserved for the "Viceroy") and an eastern state ruled from Malacca (covering Southeast Asia, from Pegu to China). D. António de Noronha was appointed to Goa, António Moniz Barreto to Malacca, and Francisco Barreto (the former India governor) to Sofala.
(***) – Title of Viceroy of Indies extinguished by royal letter in 1771, replaced by Capitão-Geral (Captain-General) of the Indies.
See also
References
- Treaty Between the Government of India and the Government of the Republic of Portugal on Recognition of Portugal of India's Sovereignty Over Goa, Daman, Diu, Dadra, and Nagar Haveli and Related Matters 1974
- "India and Portugal Resume Ties After 19 Years". The New York Times. 1 January 1975. p. 3. Retrieved 26 June 2021.
- List based on: Danvers, Frederick Charles (1988) The Portuguese in India: being a history of the rise and decline of their eastern empire. Asian Educational Services; p. 487 (Appendix B); and Henry Morse Stephens (1892) Albuquerque, Oxford: Clarendon Press, Vol. 4, p.13
Further reading
- Andrada (undated). The Life of Dom John de Castro: The Fourth Vice Roy of India. Jacinto Freire de Andrada. Translated into English by Peter Wyche. (1664). Henry Herrington, New Exchange, London. Facsimile edition (1994) AES Reprint, New Delhi. ISBN 81-206-0900-X.
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