Irwin Rose

Irwin Allan Rose (July 16, 1926 – June 2, 2015) was an American biologist. Along with Aaron Ciechanover and Avram Hershko, he was awarded the 2004 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation.[2][1][3]

Irwin Rose
Irwin Rose, c. 2000
Born
Irwin Allan Rose

(1926-07-16)July 16, 1926
Brooklyn, New York, U.S.
DiedJune 2, 2015(2015-06-02) (aged 88)
Deerfield, Massachusetts, U.S.
Alma materUniversity of Chicago (BS, PhD) NYU (postdoc)
Known forUbiquitin-mediated protein degradation
SpouseZelda Budenstein[1]
Children4[1]
AwardsNobel Prize in Chemistry (2004)
Scientific career
FieldsBiology
Institutions

Education and early life

Rose was born in Brooklyn, New York, into a secular Jewish family, the son of Ella (Greenwald) and Harry Royze, who owned a flooring store.[4] Rose attended Washington State University for one year prior to serving in the Navy during World War II. Upon returning from the war he received his Bachelor of Science degree in 1948 and his PhD in biochemistry in 1952, both from the University of Chicago.[5] He did his post-doctoral studies at NYU.[4]

Career and research

Rose served on the faculty of Yale School of Medicine's department of biochemistry from 1954 to 1963. He then joined the Fox Chase Cancer Center in 1963 and stayed there until he retired in 1995.[6] He joined University of Pennsylvania during the 1970s and served as a Professor of Physical Biochemistry.[7] He was a distinguished professor-in-residence in the Department of Physiology and Biophysics at the University of California, Irvine School of Medicine at the time his Nobel Prize was announced in 2004.[6]

Irwin (Ernie) trained several postdoctoral research fellows while at the Fox Chase Cancer Center in Philadelphia. These included Art Haas,[8] the first to see Ubiquitin chains, Keith Wilkinson,[2] the one to first identify APF-1 as Ubiquitin, and Cecile Pickart.[9]

Published work

When Irwin Rose started on his prizewinning work on ubiquitin he was already very distinguished as an enzymologist.

Classical enzymology

Only a selection of Rose's very extensive work in this field is mentioned here.

In collaboration with Marianne Grunberg-Manago, Saul Korey and Severo Ochoa he investigated the Mg2+- or Mn2+-dependent formation of acetyl-CoA from acetate and ATP catalyzed by acetate kinase, an essential reaction for priming the tricarboxylate cycle,[10][11] describing the purification of the enzyme and measuring the equilibrium constant of the reaction.

With Edward O'Connell, Rose investigated the mechanisms of the reaction catalyzed by phosphoglucose isomerase[12] and, with Sidney Rieder, of triose phosphate isomerase[13]

With Jessie Warms, he studied the mechanism of hexokinase of sarcoma tumor,[14] finding that it was located in the mitochondria of liver and brain, and bound in accord with a Mg2+-dependent equilibrium.

He had a general interest in the role of magnesium in cells, and studied it on the basis of the equilibrium of the reaction catalyzed by adenylate kinase,[15] a complicated question, because numerous complexes of Mg2+, H+ and K+ with ATP, ADP and AMP need to be taken into account.

Starting from Ogston's theory, Rose[16] was concerned with the stereochemistry of enzyme-catalysed reactions, investigating various enzymes,[17] and later glutamine synthetase.[18] This was the topic of a review article written with Kenneth Hanson.[19]

Ubiquitin

After its discovery by Gideon Goldstein and colleagues in 1975,[20] ubiquitin was extensively studied by Rose, with Avram Hershko, Aaron Ciechanover, A. L. Haas and H. Heller,[21] one of many papers on the subject.

Awards and honors

Rose was awarded the Nobel prize in 2004.[4][22]

Personal life

Rose was married to Zelda Budenstein and had four children.[5] He died on June 2, 2015, at Deerfield, Massachusetts.[5][23] His widow died in 2016.

See also

References
  1. Rose, I (11 August 2005). "Early work on the ubiquitin proteasome system, an interview with Irwin Rose". Cell Death & Differentiation. Springer Science and Business Media LLC. 12 (9): 1162–1166. doi:10.1038/sj.cdd.4401700. ISSN 1350-9047. PMID 16094392.
  2. Wilkinson, Keith; Hershko, Avram (2015). "Irwin Allan Rose (1926–2015) Established role of ubiquitin in the destruction of cellular proteins". Nature. 523 (7562): 532. doi:10.1038/523532a. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 26223618.
  3. Hershko, A.; Ciechanover, A.; Rose, I.A. (1979), "Resolution of the ATP-dependent proteolytic system from reticulocytes: a component that interacts with ATP", Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 76 (7): 3107–3110, Bibcode:1979PNAS...76.3107H, doi:10.1073/pnas.76.7.3107, PMC 383772, PMID 290989.
  4. Irwin Rose on Nobelprize.org including the Nobel Lecture on December 8, 2004 Ubiquitin at Fox Chase
  5. Chang, Kenneth (2 June 2015). "Irwin A. Rose, Nobel-Winning Biochemist, Dies at 88". New York Times. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
  6. Weil, Martin (3 June 2015). "Irwin Rose, who shared 2004 Nobel Prize in chemistry, dies at 88". Washington Post. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
  7. "Selected Awards and Honors to Penn Faculty and Alumni: Nobel Prizes". University of Pennsylvania Website. Archived from the original on 3 November 2013. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
  8. Hershko, A.; Ciechanover, A.; Heller, H.; Haas, A.L.; Rose, I.A. (1980), "Proposed role of ATP in protein breakdown: conjugation of protein with multiple chains of the polypeptide of ATP-dependent proteolysis", Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 77 (4): 1783–1786, Bibcode:1980PNAS...77.1783H, doi:10.1073/pnas.77.4.1783, PMC 348591, PMID 6990414.
  9. Vogel, Gretchen (2004), "Nobel Prizes. Gold medal from cellular trash", Science (published Oct 15, 2004), vol. 306, no. 5695, pp. 400–1, doi:10.1126/science.306.5695.400b, PMID 15486272, S2CID 177309829
  10. Rose, Irwin A.; Grunberg-Manago, Marianne; Korey, Saul R.; Ochoa, Severo (1954). "Enzymatic phosphorylation of acetate". J. Biol. Chem. 211 (2): 737–756. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)71161-7. PMID 13221579.
  11. Rose, Irwin A. (1955). "Acetate kinase of bacteria (acetokinase)". Methods Enzymol. 1: 591–595. doi:10.1016/0076-6879(55)01102-6.
  12. Rose, Irwin A.; O'Connell, E. L. (1959). "Intramolecular hydrogen transfer in phosphoglucose isomerase reaction". J. Biol. Chem. 236 (12): 3086–3092. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)93975-X. PMID 14493830.
  13. Rose, Irwin A.; Rieder, S. V. (1959). "Mechanism of the triosephosphate isomerase reaction". J. Biol. Chem. 234 (5): 1007–1010. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)98120-2. PMID 13654309.
  14. Rose, I. A.; Warms, J. V. B. (1966). "Mitochondrial hexokinase: Release, rebinding, and location". J. Biol. Chem. 242 (7): 1635–1645. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)96139-9. PMID 4225734.
  15. Rose, I.A. (1968). "State of magnesium in cells as estimated from adenylate kinase equilibrium". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 61 (3): 1079–1086. doi:10.1073/pnas.61.3.1079. PMC 305438. PMID 5246543.
  16. Hanson, K. R.; Rose, I. A. (1963). "The absolute stereochemical course of citric acid biosynthesis". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 50 (5): 981–988. doi:10.1073/pnas.50.5.981. PMC 221959. PMID 14082366.
  17. Rose, I.A. (1970). "Stereochemistry of pyruvate kinase, pyruvate carboxylase, and malate enzyme reactions". J. Biol. Chem. 245 (22): 6052–6056. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)62662-6. PMID 5484463.
  18. Midelfort, C. F.; Rose, Irwin A. (1976). "Stereochemical method for detection of ATP terminal phosphate transfer in enzymatic reactions: glutamine synthetase". J. Biol. Chem. 251 (19): 5881–5887. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(17)33034-X. PMID 9406.
  19. Hanson, K. R.; Rose, I. A. (1975). "Interpretations of enzyme reaction stereospecificity". Accounts of Chemical Research. 8 (1): 1–10. doi:10.1021/ar50085a001.
  20. Goldstein G, Scheid M, Hammerling U, Schlesinger DH, Niall HD, Boyse EA (January 1975). "Isolation of a polypeptide that has lymphocyte-differentiating properties and is probably represented universally in living cells". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 72 (1): 11–5. doi:10.1073/pnas.72.1.11. PMC 432229. PMID 1078892.
  21. Hershko, A; Ciechanover, A; Heller, H; Haas, A L; Rose, I A (1980). "Proposed role of ATP in protein breakdown: conjugation of proteins with multiple chains of the polypeptide of ATP-dependent proteolysis". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 77 (4): 1783–1786. Bibcode:1980PNAS...77.1783H. doi:10.1073/pnas.77.4.1783. PMC 348591. PMID 6990414.
  22. Giles, Jim (2004), "Chemistry Nobel for trio who revealed molecular death-tag", Nature (published Oct 14, 2004), vol. 431, no. 7010, p. 729, Bibcode:2004Natur.431..729G, doi:10.1038/431729a, PMID 15483574
  23. ABC News. "2004 Nobel Chemistry Winner Irwin Rose Dies at 88". ABC News.
  • Irwin Rose on Nobelprize.org including the Nobel Lecture on December 8, 2004 Ubiquitin at Fox Chase
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