Order-4 icosahedral honeycomb
In the geometry of hyperbolic 3-space, the order-4 icosahedral honeycomb is a regular space-filling tessellation (or honeycomb) with Schläfli symbol {3,5,4}.
| Order-4 icosahedral honeycomb | |
|---|---|
| Type | Regular honeycomb | 
| Schläfli symbols | {3,5,4} | 
| Coxeter diagrams |        | 
| Cells | {3,5}  | 
| Faces | {3} | 
| Edge figure | {4} | 
| Vertex figure | {5,4}  | 
| Dual | {4,5,3} | 
| Coxeter group | [3,5,4] | 
| Properties | Regular | 
Geometry
    
It has four icosahedra {3,5} around each edge. All vertices are ultra-ideal (existing beyond the ideal boundary) with infinitely many icosahedra existing around each vertex in an order-4 pentagonal tiling vertex arrangement.
|  Poincaré disk model (Cell centered) |  Ideal surface | 
It has a second construction as a uniform honeycomb, Schläfli symbol {3,51,1}, Coxeter diagram, 



 , with alternating types or colors of icosahedral cells. In Coxeter notation the half symmetry is [3,5,4,1+] = [3,51,1].
, with alternating types or colors of icosahedral cells. In Coxeter notation the half symmetry is [3,5,4,1+] = [3,51,1].
Related polytopes and honeycombs
    
It a part of a sequence of regular polychora and honeycombs with icosahedral cells: {3,5,p}
| {3,5,p} polytopes | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Space | H3 | ||||||||||
| Form | Compact | Noncompact | |||||||||
| Name | {3,5,3}        | {3,5,4}        | {3,5,5}        | {3,5,6}        | {3,5,7}        | {3,5,8}        | ... {3,5,∞}        | ||||
| Image |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ||||
| Vertex figure |  {5,3}      |  {5,4}      |  {5,5}      |  {5,6}      |  {5,7}      |  {5,8}      |  {5,∞}      | ||||
Order-5 icosahedral honeycomb
    
| Order-5 icosahedral honeycomb | |
|---|---|
| Type | Regular honeycomb | 
| Schläfli symbols | {3,5,5} | 
| Coxeter diagrams |        | 
| Cells | {3,5}  | 
| Faces | {3} | 
| Edge figure | {5} | 
| Vertex figure | {5,5}  | 
| Dual | {5,5,3} | 
| Coxeter group | [3,5,5] | 
| Properties | Regular | 
In the geometry of hyperbolic 3-space, the order-5 icosahedral honeycomb is a regular space-filling tessellation (or honeycomb) with Schläfli symbol {3,5,5}. It has five icosahedra, {3,5}, around each edge. All vertices are ultra-ideal (existing beyond the ideal boundary) with infinitely many icosahedra existing around each vertex in an order-5 pentagonal tiling vertex arrangement.
|  Poincaré disk model (Cell centered) |  Ideal surface | 
Order-6 icosahedral honeycomb
    
| Order-6 icosahedral honeycomb | |
|---|---|
| Type | Regular honeycomb | 
| Schläfli symbols | {3,5,6} {3,(5,∞,5)} | 
| Coxeter diagrams |               =      | 
| Cells | {3,5}  | 
| Faces | {3} | 
| Edge figure | {6} | 
| Vertex figure | {5,6}  | 
| Dual | {6,5,3} | 
| Coxeter group | [3,5,6] | 
| Properties | Regular | 
In the geometry of hyperbolic 3-space, the order-6 icosahedral honeycomb is a regular space-filling tessellation (or honeycomb) with Schläfli symbol {3,5,6}. It has six icosahedra, {3,5}, around each edge. All vertices are ultra-ideal (existing beyond the ideal boundary) with infinitely many icosahedra existing around each vertex in an order-6 pentagonal tiling vertex arrangement.
|  Poincaré disk model (Cell centered) |  Ideal surface | 
Order-7 icosahedral honeycomb
    
| Order-7 icosahedral honeycomb | |
|---|---|
| Type | Regular honeycomb | 
| Schläfli symbols | {3,5,7} | 
| Coxeter diagrams |        | 
| Cells | {3,5}  | 
| Faces | {3} | 
| Edge figure | {7} | 
| Vertex figure | {5,7}  | 
| Dual | {7,5,3} | 
| Coxeter group | [3,5,7] | 
| Properties | Regular | 
In the geometry of hyperbolic 3-space, the order-7 icosahedral honeycomb is a regular space-filling tessellation (or honeycomb) with Schläfli symbol {3,5,7}. It has seven icosahedra, {3,5}, around each edge. All vertices are ultra-ideal (existing beyond the ideal boundary) with infinitely many icosahedra existing around each vertex in an order-7 pentagonal tiling vertex arrangement.
|  Poincaré disk model (Cell centered) |  Ideal surface | 
Order-8 icosahedral honeycomb
    
| Order-8 icosahedral honeycomb | |
|---|---|
| Type | Regular honeycomb | 
| Schläfli symbols | {3,5,8} | 
| Coxeter diagrams |        | 
| Cells | {3,5}  | 
| Faces | {3} | 
| Edge figure | {8} | 
| Vertex figure | {5,8}  | 
| Dual | {8,5,3} | 
| Coxeter group | [3,5,8] | 
| Properties | Regular | 
In the geometry of hyperbolic 3-space, the order-8 icosahedral honeycomb is a regular space-filling tessellation (or honeycomb) with Schläfli symbol {3,5,8}. It has eight icosahedra, {3,5}, around each edge. All vertices are ultra-ideal (existing beyond the ideal boundary) with infinitely many icosahedra existing around each vertex in an order-8 pentagonal tiling vertex arrangement.
|  Poincaré disk model (Cell centered) | 
Infinite-order icosahedral honeycomb
    
| Infinite-order icosahedral honeycomb | |
|---|---|
| Type | Regular honeycomb | 
| Schläfli symbols | {3,5,∞} {3,(5,∞,5)} | 
| Coxeter diagrams |               =       | 
| Cells | {3,5}  | 
| Faces | {3} | 
| Edge figure | {∞} | 
| Vertex figure | {5,∞}  {(5,∞,5)}  | 
| Dual | {∞,5,3} | 
| Coxeter group | [∞,5,3] [3,((5,∞,5))] | 
| Properties | Regular | 
In the geometry of hyperbolic 3-space, the infinite-order icosahedral honeycomb is a regular space-filling tessellation (or honeycomb) with Schläfli symbol {3,5,∞}. It has infinitely many icosahedra, {3,5}, around each edge. All vertices are ultra-ideal (existing beyond the ideal boundary) with infinitely many icosahedra existing around each vertex in an infinite-order triangular tiling vertex arrangement.
|  Poincaré disk model (Cell centered) |  Ideal surface | 
It has a second construction as a uniform honeycomb, Schläfli symbol {3,(5,∞,5)}, Coxeter diagram, 





 =
 = 




 , with alternating types or colors of icosahedral cells. In Coxeter notation the half symmetry is [3,5,∞,1+] = [3,((5,∞,5))].
, with alternating types or colors of icosahedral cells. In Coxeter notation the half symmetry is [3,5,∞,1+] = [3,((5,∞,5))].
References
    
- Coxeter, Regular Polytopes, 3rd. ed., Dover Publications, 1973. ISBN 0-486-61480-8. (Tables I and II: Regular polytopes and honeycombs, pp. 294–296)
- The Beauty of Geometry: Twelve Essays (1999), Dover Publications, LCCN 99-35678, ISBN 0-486-40919-8 (Chapter 10, Regular Honeycombs in Hyperbolic Space) Table III
- Jeffrey R. Weeks The Shape of Space, 2nd edition ISBN 0-8247-0709-5 (Chapters 16–17: Geometries on Three-manifolds I,II)
- George Maxwell, Sphere Packings and Hyperbolic Reflection Groups, JOURNAL OF ALGEBRA 79,78-97 (1982)
- Hao Chen, Jean-Philippe Labbé, Lorentzian Coxeter groups and Boyd-Maxwell ball packings, (2013)
- Visualizing Hyperbolic Honeycombs arXiv:1511.02851 Roice Nelson, Henry Segerman (2015)
External links
    
- John Baez, Visual insights: {7,3,3} Honeycomb (2014/08/01) {7,3,3} Honeycomb Meets Plane at Infinity (2014/08/14)
- Danny Calegari, Kleinian, a tool for visualizing Kleinian groups, Geometry and the Imagination 4 March 2014.