Illuy (cantillation)
The Illuy or Iluy (Hebrew: עִלּוּי) is a Trope (from Yiddish טראָפּ "trop") in the Judaic Liturgy. It is one of the cantillation marks used in the three poetic books: Job, the Book of Proverbs, and the Psalms. Accordingly, it is a special mark belonging to the Ta'amei Sifrei Emet (meaning, the accent signs of the books of truth).
| Illuy | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||||
| cantillation | |||||||
| Sof passuk | ׃ | paseq | ׀ | ||||
| etnakhta/atnakh | ֑ | segol | ֒ | ||||
| shalshelet | ֓ | zaqef qaton | ֔ | ||||
| zaqef gadol | ֕ | tifcha/tarkha | ֖ | ||||
| rivia/ravia’ | ֗ | zarqa | ֘ | ||||
| pashta | ֙ | yetiv | ֚ | ||||
| tevir | ֛ | geresh/gerish | ֜ | ||||
| geresh muqdam | ֝ | gershayim/shenei gereshin | ֞ | ||||
| arney parah | ֟ | telisha gedola/ga’ya talsha | ֠ | ||||
| pazer (gadol) | ֡ | atnah hafukh | ֢ | ||||
| munakh/shofar holekh | ֣ | mahapakh/shofar mehupakh | ֤ | ||||
| merkha/ma’arikh | ֥ | merkha kefula/terei ta’amei | ֦ | ||||
| darga | ֧ | qadma | ֨ | ||||
| telisha qetana/tarsa | ֩ | yerah ben yomo | ֪ | ||||
| ole | ֫ | illuy | ֬ | ||||
| dehi | ֭ | zinor | ֮ | ||||
Symbol
The symbol of Illuy ( ֬ ) is the same as that of Munach ( ֣ ), except that the Illuy is positioned above the Hebrew letter, while the Munach is positioned below it.
In the Yemeni tradition the Illuy is also called the "Shofar illuy" Hebrew: שׁוֹפָר עִלּ֣וּי. However, "Shofar illuy" means Munach in the Italian tradition.
Description
The Hebrew word עִלּוּי is a derivative of the word עִלִּי (meaning "upper" or "top"), hence its position above the letter.
Occurrences
The Trope Illuy occurs in only three books.
| Part of the Tanach | Illuy |
|---|---|
| Book of Job | 20 |
| Proverbs | 14 |
| Psalms | 146 |
| Total | 180 |
Literature
- William Wickes: A treatise on the accentuation of the three so-called poetical books on the Old Testament, Psalms, Proverbs, and Job. 1881 (Illuy is available for free viewing and download at the Internet Archive).
- William Wickes: A treatise on the accentuation of the twenty-one so-called prose books of the Old Testament. 1887 (Illuy is available for free viewing and download at the Internet Archive).
- Arthur Davis: The Hebrew accents of the twenty-one Books of the Bible (K"A Sefarim) with a new introduction. 1900 (Illuy is available for free viewing and download at the Internet Archive).
- Francis L. Cohen (1906). "Cantillation". In Isidore Singer (ed.). The Jewish Encyclopedia. Vol. III. New York: KTAV Publishing House. pp. 542–548.
- Solomon Rosowsky (1957). The Cantillation of the Bible. The Five Books of Moses. New York: The Reconstructionist Press.
- James D. Price (1996). Concordance of the Hebrew accents in the Hebrew Bible. Vol. I: Concordance of the Hebrew Accents used in the Pentateuch. Lewiston, New York: Edwin Mellon Press. ISBN 0-7734-2395-8.
- Joshua R. Jacobson (2002). Chanting the Hebrew Bible. The art of cantillation (1. ed.). Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society. ISBN 0-8276-0693-1.
- Joshua R. Jacobson (2005). Chanting the Hebrew Bible. Student Edition. Philadelphia: The Jewish Publication Society. ISBN 0-8276-0816-0.
References