History of local government in London

The history of local government in London, England can be broken down into a number of periods.

FromLegislationSystem
1835Municipal Corporations Act 1835The small, ancient and self-governing City of London is unreformed by legislation covering the other major city corporations and does not expand into the growing metropolitan area surrounding it. The area that is currently Greater London is administered by parishes and hundreds in the counties of Middlesex, Essex, Kent, Surrey and Hertfordshire, with very little co-ordination between them.[1] Special areas such as the Liberty of Westminster are exempt from county administration. In other areas ad-hoc single-purpose boards are set up. Commentators consider it to be a system 'in chaos'.[1]
1855Metropolis Management Act 1855The Metropolitan Board of Works is created to provide the infrastructure needed in the area now known as Inner London, its members are nominated by the vestries and boards.[2]
1889Local Government Act 1888The County of London is created from the area of responsibility of the Metropolitan Board of Works.[3] A London County Council shares power with the boards and vestries. The City of London is outside of its scope. Croydon and West Ham (and later East Ham) become county boroughs outside the County of London but also outside the control of the newly formed Surrey and Essex county councils.
1894Local Government Act 1894The rest of England, including the area around the County of London and the county boroughs (but not within it), is divided into urban districts and rural districts. In the Greater London area they become consolidated over the next 70 years into municipal boroughs and urban districts with no rural districts remaining. Many districts later become populous enough to apply for county boroughs status, but are rejected. A Royal Commission on the Amalgamation of the City and County of London attempts to facilitate the merger of the City and County of London, but fails.
1900London Government Act 1899Metropolitan boroughs are created within the County of London and functions are shared with the London County Council. The vestries, boards and liberties in the area are abolished.
1965London Government Act 1963An enlarged Greater London replaces the County of London, Middlesex County Council, the county boroughs and all local government districts within around a 12-mile radius. The mostly strategic Greater London Council shares power with the 32 London boroughs and the City of London.[4]
1986Local Government Act 1985The Greater London Council is abolished and the London boroughs work as unitary authorities with strategic functions organised by joint boards and quangos.[5] A residual Inner London Education Authority remains for the inner area, but is abolished during a national reform of education.
2000 Greater London Authority Act 1999 The regional Greater London Authority, consisting of the Mayor of London and the London Assembly assume a strategic function, sharing power with the London boroughs and the City of London.[6]

See also

References
  1. Barlow, I., Metropolitan Government, (1991)
  2. Saint, A., Politics and the people of London: the London County Council (1889-1965), (1989)
  3. Thomson, D., England in the Nineteenth Century (1815-1914), (1978)
  4. Redcliffe-Maud & Wood, B., English Local Government Reformed, (1974)
  5. Kingdom, J., Local Government and Politics in Britain, (1991)
  6. Jones, B. et al., Politics UK, (2004)

Further reading
  • Torrens, William McCullagh (1884). The government of London . London: Kegan Paul, Trench, and Co.
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