Hammada (plant)

Hammada is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Amaranthaceae.[1] It is also in the Salsoloideae subfamily.[2] Although it is a very unclear and unsorted genus with many species that have later been classed as synonyms.

Hammada
Haloxylon griffithii
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Caryophyllales
Family: Amaranthaceae
Subfamily: Salsoloideae
Genus: Hammada
Iljin

Its native range is Central Asia and is found in Iraq, Lebanon, Palestine, Syria, Turkey and Uzbekistan.[1] They are often found growing in alkaline or saline habitats.[3]

Description

They are perennial plants, with a glabrous (smooth) wood (only at the base). They can grow up to 40–60 cm (16–24 in) tall.[4] The weed-like plants have regular, minute, or small, cyclic flowers. The flowers have no petals, but 5 sepals which are united at the base. It has 5 stamens and the ovary is positioned superior and consists of 2 united carpels. Which late matures into a fruit (or seed capsule).[3]

Known species

According to Plants of the World Online;[1]

  • Hammada eriantha Botsch.[5] (from Uzbekistan)
  • Hammada ramosissima (Boiss. ex Eig) Iljin (from Iraq, Lebanon, Palestine, Syria and Turkey)

Although, Schüssler in 2017, listed the following species; Hammada eriantha Botsch., Hammada griffithii (Moq.) Iljin, Hammada negevensis Iljin & Zoh., Hammada salicornica (Moq.) Iljin, Hammada schmittiana (Pomel) Botsch. and Hammada thomsonii (Bunge) Iljin.[2]

It is not known what the genus name of Hammada is in reference to, but Hamada in Arabic is a desert landscape.

It was first described and published in Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) Vol.33 on page 582 in 1948.[1]

The genus is not recognized by the United States Department of Agriculture and the Agricultural Research Service, as they list it as a synonym of Haloxylon Bunge.[6]

Note; Hammada scoparia (Pomel) Iljin a former species in the genus, is classed as an accepted synonym of Haloxylon scoparium Pomel.[7]

References
  1. "Hammada Iljin | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 13 January 2022.
  2. Schüssler, Christina; Freitag, Helmut; Koteyeva, Nuria; Schmidt, Denise; Edwards, Gerald; Voznesenskaya, Elena; Kadereit, Gudrun (1 January 2017). "Molecular phylogeny and forms of photosynthesis in tribe Salsoleae (Chenopodiaceae)". Journal of Experimental Botany. 68 (2): 207–223.
  3. "Flora of Israel | Chenopodiaceae | plant family". www-flowersinisrael-com.translate.goog. Retrieved 13 January 2022.
  4. Michael Zohary Flora Palaestina, Volume 1 (1966), p. 166, at Google Books
  5. S. K. Czerepanov, Sergeĭ Kirillovich Cherepanov Vascular Plants of Russia and Adjacent States (the Former USSR) (1995), p. 185, at Google Books
  6. "Genus Hammada Iljin". npgsweb.ars-grin.gov. Retrieved 13 January 2022.
  7. "Hammada scoparia (Pomel) Iljin | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 13 January 2022.
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