HMS M33

HMS M33 is an M29-class monitor of the Royal Navy built in 1915. She saw active service in the Mediterranean during the First World War and in Russia during the Allied Intervention in 1919. She was used subsequently as a mine-laying training ship, fuelling hulk, boom defence workshop and floating office, being renamed HMS Minerva and Hulk C23 during her long life. She passed to Hampshire County Council in the 1980s and was then handed over to the National Museum of the Royal Navy in 2014. A programme of conservation was undertaken to enable her to be opened to the public. HMS M33 is located within Portsmouth Historic Dockyard and opened to visitors on 7 August 2015 following a service of dedication. She is one of only three surviving Royal Navy warships of the First World War and the only surviving Allied ship from the Gallipoli Campaign, the other being the Ottoman minelayer Nusret, preserved in Çanakkale.

HMS M33
M33 in Portsmouth Naval Dockyard, July 2021, restored into dazzle camouflage. HMS Prince of Wales is visible in the background.
History
United Kingdom
Name
  • M33 (1915–1924)
  • HMS Minerva (1925–1939)
  • Hulk C23 (1939–1945)
  • RMAS Minerva (1945–)
  • HMS M33 (1990s)
Ordered15 March 1915
BuilderWorkman Clark, Belfast for Harland and Wolff
Yard number489
Launched22 May 1915
Completed26 June 1915
Commissioned24 June 1915
StatusMuseum ship, Portsmouth
General characteristics
Class and typeM29-class monitor
Displacement580 tons deep load
Length177 ft 3 in (54.03 m)
Beam31 ft (9.4 m)
Draught5 ft 11 in (1.80 m)
Installed power4,000 hp (2,980 kW)
Propulsion
  • Triple-expansion steam engines
  • Twin screws
Speed9.6 knots (18 km/h)
Range1,440 nautical miles (2,670 km) at 8 knots (15 km/h)
Complement72
Armament

Construction

M33 was built as part of the rapid ship construction campaign following the outbreak of the First World War by Harland and Wolff, Belfast. Ordered in March 1915, she was launched in May and commissioned in June; an impressive shipbuilding feat, especially considering that numerous other ships of her type were being built in the same period.[1]

First World War

Armed with a pair of 6-inch (152 mm) guns and having a shallow draught, M33 was designed for coastal bombardment. Commanded by Lieutenant Commander Preston-Thomas, her first active operation was the support of the British landings at Suvla during the Battle of Gallipoli in August 1915. She remained stationed at Gallipoli until the evacuation in January 1916. For the remainder of the war she served in the Mediterranean and was involved in the seizure of the Greek fleet at Salamis Bay on 1 September 1916.

Russia

M33 next saw service, along with five other monitors (M23, M25, M27, M31 and Humber), which were sent to Murmansk in 1919 to relieve the North Russian Expeditionary Force. In June, M33 moved to Archangel and her shallow draught enabled her to travel up the Dvina River to cover the withdrawal of British and White Russian forces.[1] At one time the river level was so low the ship's guns had to be removed and transported by cart. M25 and M27 were not so fortunate and had to be scuttled on 16 September 1919 after running aground. M33 safely returned to Chatham in October.

Harbour service and restoration
M33 during restoration in February 2007

In 1925 M33 became a mine-laying training ship and was renamed HMS Minerva on 3 February 1925. She went through a number of roles for the remainder of her career including fuelling hulk and boom defence workshop. Her name was changed again in 1939, this time to Hulk C23.[1] In 1946 she became a floating office at the Royal Clarence Victualling Yard at Gosport. Put up for sale in 1984, she eventually passed to Hampshire County Council. Listed as part of the National Historic Fleet, she is now located at Portsmouth Historic Dockyard, close to HMS Victory.[1] She was opened to the public for the first time as part of the National Museum of the Royal Navy on 7 August 2015.[2] M33 is one of only three surviving British warships that served during the First World War, the others being HMS Caroline and HMS President,[3] although a number of auxiliary vessels and small craft have also survived.[4]

References
  1. "M33 (Minerva)". National Historic Ships Register. Retrieved 24 September 2010.
  2. "Only remaining ship from first world war Gallipoli landing opened to public". The Guardian. 20 October 2014.
  3. "The Last of the Many: Britain's Surviving Warships of 1914-1918". www.centenarynews.com. Centenary Digital Ltd. 18 December 2013. Retrieved 15 December 2016.
  4. "The First World War: Britain's Surviving Vessels". www.ww1britainssurvivingvessels.org.uk. National Historic Ships UK. Retrieved 15 December 2016.

Bibliography
  • Dittmar, F. J.; Colledge, J. J. (1972). British Warships 1914-1919. London: Ian Allan. ISBN 0-7110-0380-7.
  • Gray, Randal, ed. (1985). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921. London: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-245-5.
  • Schleihauf, William (2000). "The Restoration of HMS M-33". Warship International. XXXVII (2): 170–176.
  • Sheldon, Matthew (2015). HMS M.33. Stroud, Gloucestershire: The History Press. ISBN 9781841656618.
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