Grumman G-44 Widgeon

Grumman J4F-1 of the United States Coast Guard preserved at the National Museum of Naval Aviation at Pensacola, Florida in 2002

On August 1, 1942, a J4F-1 flown by US Coast Guard Patrol Squadron 212 based out of Houma, Louisiana, and flown by Chief Aviation Pilot Henry White, spotted and attacked a German U-boat off the coast of Louisiana. White reported the submarine sunk, and he was subsequently credited with sinking U-166 and awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross.

However, in June 2001 the wreck of U-166 was found sitting near the wreck of SS Robert E. Lee by an oil exploration team; and the sinking of U-166 on July 30 (i.e. two days before the Widgeon flight) is now credited to patrol craft PC-566 escorting the Robert E. Lee.[2]

White's Widgeon is now thought to have made an unsuccessful attack against U-171, a Type IXC U-boat identical to U-166 that reported an air attack coincident with White's attack. U-171 was undamaged by White's attack, but was sunk four months later in the Bay of Biscay.[3]

The sinking of a German U-boat by the Civil Air Patrol (CAP) was claimed by one of their larger aircraft on 11 July 1942. The Grumman G-44 Widgeon, armed with two depth charges and crewed by Captain Johnny Haggins and Major Wynant Farr, was scrambled when another CAP patrol radioed that they had encountered an enemy submarine, but were returning to base due to low fuel. After scanning the area, Farr spotted the U-boat cruising beneath the surface of the waves. Unable to accurately determine the depth of the vessel, Haggins and Ferr radioed the situation back to base and followed the enemy in hopes that it would rise to periscope depth. For three hours, the crew shadowed the submarine. Just as Haggins was about to return to base, the U-boat rose to periscope depth, and Haggins swung the aircraft around, aligned with the submarine and dove to 100 feet (30 m). Farr released one of the two depth charges, blowing the submarine's front out of the water. As it left an oil slick, Farr made a second pass and released the other charge. Debris appeared on the ocean's surface, confirming the U-boat's demise and the CAP's first kill.[4][5]

Grumman Widgeon at Garland's Seaplane Base on the Detroit River in 1947

After the war, Grumman redesigned the aircraft to make it more suitable for civilian operations. A new hull improved its water handling, and six seats were installed. In total, 76 of the new G-44As were built by Grumman, the last being delivered on January 13, 1949. Another 41 were produced under license by the Société de construction aéronavale (SCAN) in La Rochelle, France, as the SCAN 30. Most of these ended up in the United States.

McKinnon Enterprises at Sandy, Oregon, converted over 70 Widgeons to "Super Widgeons". The conversion features replacing the engines with 270 hp (200 kW) Avco Lycoming GO-480-B1D flat-six piston engines, and various other modifications, including modern avionics, three-bladed propellers, larger windows, improved soundproofing, emergency exits, and increased maximum takeoff weight. Retractable wingtip floats were optional.[6]

 Brazil

Brazilian Air Force operated 14 from 1942 to 1958[7]

 Cuba

Cuban Navy received four in 1952[8]

 Israel

• Israeli Air Force operated two from 1948 to 1949[9]

 Portugal

Portuguese Navy operated 12 from 1942 to 1968[10]

 Thailand

Royal Thai Navy operated five in 1951[11]

Royal Thai Air Force operated five from 1951 to 1956[11]

 United Kingdom

• Royal Navy Fleet Air Arm

 United States

• United States Army Air Corps
• United States Army Air Forces
• United States Coast Guard
• United States Navy
• Civil Air Patrol

 Uruguay

Uruguayan Navy operated one example from 1943 to 1979[12]

 Norway

• Mørefly

 New Zealand

• Mount Cook Airline

• 1290 – UC-4F2 on static display at the Museu Aeroespacial in Rio de Janeiro.[13]

• 28 – SCAN-30 airworthy with Mark Williston of Delta, British Columbia.[14]

• 120 – G-44 on static display at the Navy Museum in Lisbon.[13]
• 129 – G-44 on static display at the Museu do Ar in Sintra, Lisbon.[13]

• 1449 – G-44A on static display at the Royal Thai Air Force Museum in Bangkok.[15][16]

• 31 – SCAN 30 airworthy with Orlando Financial Corporation in Bear, Delaware.[17] It was used as De plane! De plane! in the television show Fantasy Island where it delivered guests to the island and was put up for sale at auction in April 2016.[18]
• 1312 – G-44 on display at the Alaska Aviation Museum in Anchorage, Alaska.[19][13]
• 32976 – J4F-2 on static display at the Pima Air & Space Museum in Tucson, Arizona.[20]
• V212 – J4F-1 on static display at the National Naval Aviation Museum in Pensacola, Florida.[21]