List of governors of Puerto Rico
This list of governors of Puerto Rico includes all persons who have held that post, either under Spanish or American rule. The governor of Puerto Rico is the head of government of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. The position was first established by the Spanish Empire during the 16th century following the archipelago's colonization.
History of Puerto Rico |
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Puerto Rico portal |
The first person to officially occupy the position was Spanish conquistador Juan Ponce de León in 1509.[1] At the time, the Spanish monarchy was responsible for appointing the functionary who would perform this office. The first native Puerto Rican to perform the function was Juan Ponce de León II, as interim governor in 1579. During this administration, all of those appointed to take the position had served another function within the empire's government or the Roman Catholic Church. In 1898, the United States invaded Puerto Rico and the Spanish government ceded control of the island to the United States. During the first two years, the entire government in Puerto Rico was appointed by the president of the United States. In 1900, the American government approved the establishment of the Foraker Act as a federal law, this act established a civilian government in the island. In 1947, the federal Elective Governor Act was enacted, which created a new system where, since 1948, the governor is elected through a democratic process every four years. The governor is in charge of Puerto Rico's executive branch and is responsible for appointing executive branch agency heads, including the Secretary of State, who fulfills the role of lieutenant governor, the legislative branch's ombudsman and comptroller and all judges in the judicial branch.
Duties and succession
In the governor's absence, or if the governor dies or is unable to perform the executive duties, the Secretary of State of Puerto Rico takes control of the executive position, as acting governor during a temporary absence or inability, and as governor in case of death, resignation or impeachment and conviction.[2] The elected governor must designate a number of secretaries and other agency heads that will control the individual administrative agencies during his time in office, the selected secretaries are in charge of the island's health, natural resources, economy, correctional and judicial agencies and the department of consumer concerns, among others. The Governor's four-year term begins on January 2, the day after the New Year's Day holiday.
On July 24, 2019, Ricardo Rosselló became the first governor to resign his office. This happened after more than a week of protests due to a chain of corruption arrests and a leaked Telegram chat which contained offensive remarks made by the governor.
List of governors of Puerto Rico
Century 16th – 17th – 18th – 19th – 20th – 21st |
Governors under Spanish Crown
No. | Portrait | Governor (Birth–Death) |
Took office | Left office | Ref(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Captain General Don
Juan Ponce de León (1st time) |
1508 | 1509 | [3][4] | |
2 | Juan Cerón | 1509 | 1510 | [5] | |
3 | Captain General Don
Juan Ponce de León (2nd time) |
1510 | 1511 | [3] | |
4 | Juan Cerón | 1511 | 1512 | [5][4] | |
5 | Rodrigo Moscoso | 1512 | 1513 | [6] | |
6 | Captain General
Cristóbal de Mendoza |
1513 | 1515 | [7][4] | |
7 | Captain General Don
Juan Ponce de León (3rd time) |
1515 | 1519 | [6] | |
8 | Sánchez Velázquez | 1514 | 1519 | [7][4] | |
9 | Antonio de la Gama | 1519 | 1521 | [7][4] | |
10 | Pedro Moreno | 1521 | 1523 | [7][4] | |
11 | Bishop | 1523 | 1524 | [7] | |
12 | Pedro Moreno | 1524 | 1528 | [7][4] | |
13 | Antonio de la Gama | 1528 | 1530 | [7][4] | |
14 | Lieutenant General
Francisco Manuel de Landó |
1530 | 1536 | [7][4] | |
15 | Vasco de Tiedra | 1536 | 1537 | [7][4] | |
16 | Vasco de Tiedra | 1537 | 1544 | [7] | |
17 | Jerónimo Lebrón de Quiñones | 1544 | 1544 | [7][4] | |
18 | Lcdo.
Iñigo López Cervantes y Loayza |
1544 | 1546 | [7] | |
19 | Lcdo.
Diego de Caraza |
1546 | 1548 | [7] | |
20 | Diego de Caraza | 1548 | 1550 | [7] | |
21 | Luis de Vallejo | 1550 | 1555 | [7][4] | |
22 | Lcdo.
Alonso Esteves |
1555 | 1555 | [7] | |
23 | Lcdo.
Diego de Caraza |
1555 | 1561 | [7] | |
24 | Antonio de la Llama Vallejo | 1561 | 1564 | [7] | |
25 | 1564 | 1568 | [7] | ||
26 | Francisco de Solís Osorio | 1568 | 1574 | [7] | |
27 | Francisco de Obando y Mexia | 1575 | 1579 | [7] | |
28 | Juan Ponce de León II | 1579 | 1579 | [8] | |
29 | Jerónimo de Agüero Campuzano | 1580 | 1580 | [7] | |
30 | Captain General
Juan de Céspedes |
1580 | 1581 | [7][4] | |
31 | Captain General
Juan López Melgarejo |
1581 | 1582 | [7][9] | |
32 | Captain General
Diego Menéndez de Valdés |
1582 | 1593 | [7][4][10] | |
33 | Colonel
Pedro Suárez de Coronel (1st time) |
1593 | 1597 | [7][4] | |
34 | Captain General
Antonio de Mosquera |
1597 | 1598 | [7] | |
35 | Colonel
Pedro Suárez de Coronel (2nd time) |
1597-8 | 1599 | [7] | |
36 | Captain General
Alonso de Mercado |
1599 | 1602 | [7][4] | |
37 | Captain General | 1602 | 1608 | [7][4] | |
38 | Gabriel de Rojas Párano | 1608 | 1614 | [7] | |
39 | Captain General Felipe de Beaumont y Navarra[4] | 1614 | 1620 | [7] | |
40 | Juan de Vargas | 1620 | 1625 | [7][4] | |
41 | Captain General Juan de Haro y Sanvítores | 1625 | 1630 | [7][4] | |
42 | Captain General Enrique Enriquez de Sotomayor | 1631 | 1635 | [7] | |
43 | Captain General Iñigo de la Mota Sarmiento | 1635 | 1641 | [7][4] | |
44 | Captain General Agustín de Silva y Figueroa | 1641 | 1641 | [7] | |
45 | Captain General Juan de Bolaños | 1642 | 1643 | [7] | |
46 | Fernando de la Riva Agüero y Setien | 1643 | 1648 | [7][4] | |
47 | Diego de Aguilera y Gamboa | 1649 | 1655 | [7] | |
48 | José Novoa y Moscoso Pérez y Buitron | 1655 | 1660 | [7] | |
49 | Captain General Juan Pérez de Guzmán y Chagoyen | 1660 | 1664 | [7][4] | |
50 | Jerónimo de Velasco | 1664 | 1670 | [7][4] | |
51 | Gaspar de Arteaga y Aunoavidao | 1670 | 1674 | [11][4] | |
52 | Diego Roblandillo | 1674 | 1674 | [11][4] | |
53 | Captain General Baltazar Figueroa y Castilla | 1674 | 1674 | [11][4] | |
54 | Alonso de Campos y Espinosa | 1675 | 1678 | [11][4] | |
55 | Juan de Robles Lorenzana | 1678 | 1683 | [11][4] | |
56 | Captain General Gaspar Martínez de Andino | 1683 | 1685 | [11][4] | |
57 | Juan Francisco Medina | 1685 | 1690 | [11] | |
58 | Gaspar de Arredondo y Valle | 1690 | 1695 | [11][4] | |
59 | Juan Francisco Medina | 1695 | 1697 | [11] | |
60 | Tomás Franco | 1697 | 1698 | [11][4] | |
61 | Antonio de Robles Silva | 1698 | 1699 | [11][4] | |
62 | Gabriel Suárez de Ribera | 1700 | 1703 | [11] | |
63 | Diego Jiménez de Villarán | 1703 | 1703 | [11][4] | |
64 | Francisco Sánchez Calderón | 1703 | 1703 | [11][4] | |
65 | Pedro Arroyo y Guerrero | 1704 | 1705 | [11][4] | |
66 | Juan Francisco López de Morla | 1706 | 1706 | [11][4] | |
67 | Francisco Danío Granados | 1706 | 1708 | [11][4] | |
68 | Colonel Juan de Ribera | 1709 | 1715 | [11][4] | |
69 | José Francisco Carreño | 1716 | 1716 | [11][4] | |
70 | Alfonso Bortodano | 1716 | 1720 | [11] | |
71 | Francisco Danio Granados | 1720 | 1724 | [11][4] | |
72 | Captain General José Antonio de Mendizabal y Azcue | 1724 | 1730 | [11][4] | |
73 | Lieutenant Colonel Matías de Abadía | 1731 | 1743 | [11][4] | |
74 | Domingo Pérez de Mandares | 1743 | 1744 | [11] | |
75 | Colonel Juan José Colomo | 1744 | 1750 | [11][4] | |
76 | Colonel Agustín de Parejas | 1750 | 1751 | [11][4] | |
77 | Lieutenant Colonel Esteban Bravo de Rivero | 1751 | 1753 | [11][4] | |
78 | Captain General Felipe Ramírez de Estenos | 1753 | 1757 | [11][4] | |
79 | Esteban Bravo de Rivero | 1757 | 1759 | [11] | |
80 | Mateo de Guaso Calderón | 1759 | 1760 | [11][4] | |
81 | Esteban Bravo de Rivero | 1760 | 1761 | [11] | |
82 | Lieutenant Colonel Ambrosio de Benavides | 1761 | 1766 | [11] | |
83 | Colonel Marcos de Vergara | 1766 | 1766 | [11][4] | |
84 | Lieutenant Colonel José Trentor | 1766 | 1770 | [11][4] | |
85 | Colonel Miguel de Muesas | 1769 | 1776 | [11][12][4] | |
86 | Colonel José Dufresne | 1776 | 1783 | [11][4] | |
87 | Field Marshal Don Juan Andrés Daban y Busterino | 1783 | 1789 | [11][4] | |
88 | Coronel Francisco Torralbo y Robles | 1789 | 1789 | [11] | |
89 | Brigadier General Miguel Antonio de Ustáriz | 1789 | 1792 | [6][4] | |
90 | Coronel Francisco Torralbo y Robles | 1792 | 1794 | [11][4] | |
91 | Brigadier General Enrique Grimarest | 1794 | 1795 | [6] | |
92 | Field Marshal Don Ramón de Castro y Gutiérrez | 1795 | 1804 | [11][4] | |
93 | Toribio Montes | 1804 | 1809 | [11] | |
94 | Salvador Meléndez Bruna | 1809 | 1820 | [11][13][4] | |
95 | Brigadier General Juan Vasco y Pascual | March 24, 1820 | August 7, 1820 | [11][4] | |
96 | Brigadier General Gonzalo Arostegui y Herrera | August 7, 1820 | February 12, 1822 | [11][4] | |
97 | Coronel José de Navarro | February 12, 1822 | May 30, 1822 | [11][4] | |
98 | Francisco González de Linares | May 30, 1822 | December 4, 1823 | [11] | |
99 | Lieutenant General Miguel Luciano de La Torre y Pando | December 4, 1823 | 1837 | [11][4] | |
100 | Francisco Javier de Moreda y Prieto | 1837 | 1838 | [11] | |
101 | Field Marshal Miguel López de Baños | 1838 | 1841 | [11][4] | |
102 | Lieutenant General Santiago Méndez de Vigo | 1841 | 1844 | [11][4] | |
103 | Lieutenant General Rafael de Aristegui y Vélez | 1844 | 1847 | [11] | |
104 | Field Marshal Don Juan Prim de Prats y Gonzalez | 1847 | 1848 | [14] | |
105 | Lieutenant General Juan de la Pezuela y Cevallos | 1848 | 1851 | [15][16] | |
106 | Enrique de España y Taberner | 1851 | 1852 | [6] | |
107 | Lieutenant General Fernándo Norzagaray y Escudero | 1852 | 1855 | [6] | |
108 | Lieutenant General Andrés García Camba | 1855 | 1855 | [6] | |
109 | Lieutenant General José Lemery Ibrarrola Ney y Gonzalez | 1855 | 1857 | [6] | |
110 | Lieutenant General Fernando Cotoner y Chacon | 1857 | 1860 | [6] | |
111 | Sabino Gamir Maladen | 1860 | 1860 | [6] | |
112 | Lieutenant General Rafael Echague y Bermingham | 1860 | 1862 | [6] | |
113 | Brigadier General Rafael Izquierdo y Gutierrez | 1862 | 1863 | [6] | |
114 | Lieutenant General Félix María de Messina Iglesias | April 1862 | November 1865 | [6] | |
115 | Lieutenant General José María Marchessi y Oleaga | 1865 | 1867 | [6] | |
116 | General Julián Juan Pavia Lacy | 1867 | 1868 | [6] | |
117 | General José Laureano Sanz y Posse | 1868 | 1870 | [6][17] | |
118 | Lieutenant General Gabriel Baldrich | 1870 | 1871 | [6] | |
119 | General Ramón Gómez Pulido | 1871 | 1872 | [6] | |
120 | General Simón de la Torre Ormaza | 1872 | 1872 | [6] | |
121 | Brigadier General Joaquín Eurile Hernan | 1872 | 1873 | [6] | |
122 | Lieutenant General Juan Martínez Plowes | 1873 | 1873 | [6] | |
123 | General Rafael Primo de Rivera y Sobremonte | 1873 | 1874 | [6] | |
124 | General José Laureano Sanz y Posse | 1875 | 1875 | [6][17] | |
125 | General Segundo de la Portilla Gutierrez | 1875 | 1877 | [6] | |
126 | General Manuel de la Serna Hernandez y Pinzón | 1877 | 1878 | [6] | |
127 | General José Gamir Maladen | 1878 | 1878 | [6] | |
128 | General Eulogio Despujols y Dussay | 1878 | 1881 | [6] | |
129 | General Segundo de la Portilla Gutierrez | 1881 | 1883 | [6] | |
130 | General Miguel de la Vega Inclán y Palma | 1883 | 1884 | [6] | |
131 | General Don Carlos Suances Campos | 1884 | 1884 | [6] | |
132 | General Ramón Fajardo Izquierdo | 1884 | 1884 | [6] | |
133 | General Luis Daban y Ramírez de Arellanó | 1884 | 1887 | [6] | |
134 | General Romualdo Palacios Gonzalez | 1887 | 1887 | [6] | |
135 | General Juan Contreras Martinez | 1887 | 1888 | [6] | |
136 | General Pedro Ruiz Dana | 1888 | 1890 | [6] | |
137 | Brigadier General José Pascual Bonanza | 1890 | 1890 | [6] | |
138 | General José Lasso y Pérez | 1890 | 1893 | [6] | |
139 | General Antonio Daban y Ramírez de Arrellanó | 1893 | 1895 | [6] | |
140 | General José Gamir Maladen | 1895 | 1896 | [6] | |
141 | General Emilio March | 1896 | 1896 | [6] | |
142 | General Sabas Marín González | 1896 | 1898 | [18] | |
143 | General Ricardo de Ortega y Diez | 1898 | 1898 | [19] | |
144 | General Andrés González Muñoz | 1898 | 1898 | [20][21] | |
145 | General Ricardo de Ortega y Diez | 1898 | 1898 | [19] | |
146 | General Manuel Macías Casado | 1898 | 1898 | [22] | |
147 | General Ricardo de Ortega y Diez | 1898 | 1898 | [19] | |
148 | Captain Ángel Rivero Méndez | 1898 | 1898 | [23] |
Military government
No. | Image | Name | Took office | Left office | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
149 | Commanding General Nelson A. Miles | 1898 | 1898 | ||
150 | Major General John R. Brooke | 1898 | 1898 | [24] | |
151 | Major General Guy Vernor Henry | 1898 | 1899 | ||
152 | Major General George Whitefield Davis | 1899 | 1900 | [6] |
Post-Foraker Act of 1900
No. | Image | Name | Took office | Left office | Notes | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
153 | Charles Herbert Allen | May 1, 1900 | September 15, 1901 | First U.S. civil governor appointed by President William McKinley | [25] | |
154 | William Henry Hunt | September 15, 1901 | July 4, 1904 | [26] | ||
155 | Beekman Winthrop | July 4, 1904 | April 17, 1907 | [7] | ||
156 | Regis Henri Post | 1907 | 1909 | [7] | ||
157 | George Radcliffe Colton | 1909 | 1913 | [7] | ||
158 | Arthur Yager | 1913 | 1921 | Classmate of President Woodrow Wilson. With his support, the United States Congress adopted the Jones-Shafroth Act | [27] | |
159 | José E. Benedicto | 1921 | 1921 | Interim governor | [7] | |
160 | Emmet Montgomery Reily | July 30, 1921 | March 1923 | [28] | ||
161 | Juan Bernardo Huyke | March 1923 | April 1, 1923 | Interim governor | [7] | |
162 | Horace Mann Towner | April 1, 1923 | September 29, 1929 | [29] | ||
163 | James R. Beverley | 1929 | September 9, 1929 | The only non-Puerto Rican appointee of 15 from 1900 to 1952 who could speak Spanish before going there. | [7] | |
164 | Theodore Roosevelt Jr. | September 9, 1929 | January 1932 | [30] | ||
165 | James R. Beverley 2nd Term | January 1932 | July 3, 1933 | [7] | ||
166 | Robert Hayes Gore | July 3, 1933 | January 11, 1934 | [31] | ||
167 | Benjamin Jason Horton | January 11, 1934 | February 5, 1934 | [7] | ||
168 | Blanton C. Winship | February 5, 1934 | June 25, 1939 | Summarily removed by President Roosevelt on May 12, 1939.[32][33] | [34] | |
169 | José E. Colón | June 25, 1939 | September 11, 1939 | Interim governor | [6] | |
170 | William D. Leahy | September 11, 1939 | November 28, 1940 | [35] | ||
171 | José Miguel Gallardo | November 28, 1940 | February 1941 | Interim governor | [6] | |
172 | Guy J. Swope | February 1941 | July 24, 1941 | [36] | ||
173 | José Miguel Gallardo | July 24, 1941 | September 19, 1941 | Interim governor | [6] | |
174 | Rexford Tugwell | September 19, 1941 | September 2, 1946 | [37] | ||
175 | Jesús T. Piñero | September 2, 1946 | January 2, 1949 | Only native Puerto Rican governor appointed under US colonial administration | [38] |
Governors under the Constitution of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico
New Progressive Party (7)
Popular Democratic Party (7)
US party affiliation
Democratic Party (10)
Republican Party (3)
Independent (1)
No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) |
Term | Duration | Party | Election | National Paty Affiliation | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
176 | Luis Muñoz Marín (1898–1980)[39] |
January 2, 1949
– January 2, 1965 |
16 years | Popular Democratic | 1948 | Independent[lower-alpha 1] | ||
1952 | ||||||||
1956 | ||||||||
1960 | ||||||||
177 | Roberto Sánchez Vilella (1913–1997)[41] |
January 2, 1965
– January 2, 1969 |
4 years | Popular Democratic | 1964 | Democratic[lower-alpha 2] | ||
178 | Luis A. Ferré (1904–2003)[43] |
January 2, 1969
– January 2, 1973 |
4 years | New Progressive | 1968 | Republican[lower-alpha 3] | ||
179 | Rafael Hernández Colón (1936–2019)[45][46] |
January 2, 1973
– January 2, 1977 |
4 years | Popular Democratic | 1972 | Democratic[lower-alpha 4] | ||
180 | Carlos Romero Barceló (1932–2021)[48][49] |
January 2, 1977
– January 2, 1985 |
8 years | New Progressive | 1976 | Democratic[lower-alpha 4] | ||
1980 | ||||||||
181 | Rafael Hernández Colón (1936–2019)[45][46] |
January 2, 1985
– January 2, 1993 |
8 years | Popular Democratic | 1984 | Democratic[lower-alpha 4] | ||
1988 | ||||||||
182 | Pedro Rosselló (b. 1944)[50] |
January 2, 1993
– January 2, 2001 |
8 years | New Progressive | 1992 | Democratic[51] | ||
1996 | ||||||||
183 | Sila María Calderón (b. 1942)[52] |
January 2, 2001
– January 2, 2005 |
4 years | Popular Democratic | 2000 | Democratic[lower-alpha 5] | ||
184 | Aníbal Acevedo Vilá (b. 1962)[54] |
January 2, 2005
– January 2, 2009 |
4 years | Popular Democratic | 2004 | Democratic[lower-alpha 6] | ||
185 | Luis Fortuño (b. 1960) |
January 2, 2009
– January 2, 2013 |
4 years | New Progressive | 2008 | Republican[56] | ||
186 | Alejandro García Padilla (b. 1971) |
January 2, 2013
– January 2, 2017 |
4 years | Popular Democratic | 2012 | Democratic[lower-alpha 7] | ||
187 | Ricardo Rosselló (b. 1979) |
January 2, 2017
– August 2, 2019 |
2 years, 212 days | New Progressive | 2016 | Democratic[58] | ||
– | Pedro Pierluisi (b. 1959) De facto |
August 2, 2019
– August 7, 2019 |
5 days | New Progressive | None[lower-alpha 8] | Democratic[58] | ||
188 | Wanda Vázquez Garced (b. 1960) Constitutional appointment |
August 7, 2019
– January 2, 2021 |
1 year, 148 days | New Progressive | None[lower-alpha 9] | Republican[60] | ||
189 | Pedro Pierluisi (b. 1959) |
January 2, 2021
– present |
2 years, 296 days | New Progressive | 2020 | Democratic[58] |
See also
Notes
- Trías Monge (1995) "Aunque se le percibía como Demócrata e influía decisivamente en las gestiones del Partido Demócrata de Puerto Rico, Muñoz Marín nunca se afilió formalmente a ese partido ni participó en actividad alguna de los partidos políticos estadounidenses."[40]
- Metro (2012) "Desde la presidencia de Lyndon B. Johnson y la gobernación de Roberto Sánchez Vilella, no teníamos un presidente demócrata en Washington y un gobernador demócrata en San Juan."[42]
- Fernós (2003) "[...]su dirigente Don Luis A. Ferré, presidente del Partido Republicano en Puerto Rico."[44]
- Montalvo (2012) "Carlos Romero Barceló y Rafael Hernández Colón son de partidos contrarios en la Isla, pero demócratas en la política estadounidense."[47]
- Castilla y León. "[Calderón] pertenece al Partido Popular Democrático de Puerto Rico y al Partido Demócrata de Estados Unidos."[53]
- DARN (2011) "[Acevedo Vilá] was an active member of the National Governors Association, the Southern Governors Association and the Democratic Governors Association."[55]
- Varela (2013) "[...] Governor Alejandro Padilla, a Democrat [...]"[57]
- As Secretary of State, succeeded to the office following the resignation of Ricardo Rosselló. Shortly thereafter, the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico ruled that his assumption of the office was unconstitutional because his nomination as Secretary of State was never confirmed by the Legislature.[59]
- As Secretary of Justice, Mrs. Vázquez Garced succeeded to the office following the resignation of Ricardo Rosselló and the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico's ruling that Pedro Pierluisi's succession was invalid because he was not confirmed by both chambers of the Legislative Assembly of Puerto Rico as Secretary of State.[59]
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Although he served only two days, Rivero was credited with being the last Spanish governor of Porto Rico. He was born here and educated in Spain. He served in the Spanish army until the end of the Spanish-American war and later became an American citizen. Rivero was credited with doing much to create friendly understanding among Spaniards, Porto Ricans and Americans.
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