Goiana

Goiana (pronounced IPA: [gojˈɐ̃nɐ]) is a city in Brazil in the northeast of the state of Pernambuco,[4] roughly 65 km north of the city of Recife, 51 km from the capital of Paraíba and 2,187 km from Brasília.

Not to be confused with Goiânia in Goiás or Goianá in Minas Gerais.
Goiana
Municipality
The Municipality of Goiana
Goiana town hall
Goiana town hall
Official seal of Goiana
Seal
Nickname(s): 
One Museum Open at the Earth (Um museu aberto ao mundo), A Cidade do Futuro (City of Future)
Goiana is located in Brazil
Goiana
Goiana
Location in Brazil
Coordinates: 07°33′39″S 35°00′10″W
Country Brazil
RegionNortheast
State Pernambuco
Municipal seatAugust 3, 1892
Government
 • MayorEduardo Honório (PSL, 2021 – 2024)(current)
Area
 • Total501.17 km2 (193.50 sq mi)
Elevation
13 m (43 ft)
Population
 (2020)
 • Total80,055
 • Density150.72/km2 (390.4/sq mi)
 [1][2]
Time zoneUTC−3 (BRT)
Postal Code
55900-000
HDI (2010)0.651 – medium[3]

Its historic center was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1938.[5] It also has the easternmost continental point in its state, at Ponta do Funil in the coastal district of Ponta de Pedras.

Geography

Goiana is built on a fertile plain between the Tracunhaém River and Capibaribe River near their confluence, where they merge to form the Goiana River. The town is around is 25 km from the coast.[4] It is also the easternmost city in Pernambuco. The town is the commercial centre for one of the richest agricultural districts of the state, which produces sugar, rum, coffee, tobacco, cotton, cattle, hides and castor oil.[4] Goiana is one of the oldest towns in the state, and was occupied by the Dutch from 1636 to 1654.[4]

The municipality contains most of the 6,677 hectares (16,500 acres) Acaú-Goiana Extractive Reserve, a sustainable use conservation unit created in 2007.[6]

History

Originally occupied by Brazilian Indians, Caetés and Potiguaras,[7] the village became a parish in 1568 when Portuguese explorer Diogo Dias bought ten thousand fathoms of land near the present city, then the Captaincy of Itamaracá, establishing a fortified ingenuity in the valley of the Tracunhaém River. In 1574, the Potiguara population attacked the Tracunhaém sugar plantation, exterminating its entire population. This incident caused the end of the captaincy of Itamaracá and the creation of captaincy of Nova Paraíba.[8]

On April 24, 1646, fitted with sticks, stones, pots, pepper and boiling water, the women of Tejucupapo, a small district of the city, won against the Dutch, who had threatened their land and families.

Goiana became a town on January 15, 1685 and earned forums on May 5, 1840.

Beaches
Carne de Vaca

Carne de Vaca (English: beef meat) is the first beach off the north coast of Pernambuco. It has a narrow sand strip, small waves and banks of sand before the natural reefs during the low tide. It is located in a small village with a few homes. To the north there is the mouth of the Goiana River, and to the south there is the small Doce River.

Pontas de Pedras

The Pontas de Pedras Beach has weak waves, fine sand and a lot of algae. It is located at the core of the village, where several fishing boats are always anchored. Together with Carne de Vaca, this beach is one of the most popular beaches in Goiana.

Barra de Catuama

This beach still retains some native Atlantic forest vegetation.

Catuama Beach

The Catuama Beach has clear water, reefs and wet sand. At low tide, there are sand banks, stones and natural pools. It is located close to the village center, where there is also a church.

Atapuz Beach

The Atapuz Beach is close to the intersection between the Itapessoca River and Santa Cruz channel. Nearby, there is a chapel dedicated to Saint Sebastian.

Tabatinga Beach

The Tabatinga Beach has palm trees, mangrove and holiday summer houses. It is located on a private farm.

Economy
See also: Largest Cities of Northeast Region, Brazil

The main economic activities in Goiana are based around the automotive, pharmaceutical and glass industries, with the city hosting three important plants in these segments. The city hosts the most modern assembly plant of the Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (FCA Group), which is responsible for the production of the Jeep Renegade and Fiat Toro.[9][10] Goiana is also the land of Vivix, one of the biggest float glass industries in Brazil[11] as well as Hemobrás, which produces blood derivatives and coagulation factor products.[12]

Goiana has an important agribusiness sector, especially related to the farming and trading of goats, cattle, pigs, poultry, and plantations of sugarcane and coconuts.

The city is one of the biggest national producers of sugarcane, with an estimated production of over 1.1 million tons in 2007.

Economic Indicators
Population GDP x(1000 R$).[13] GDP pc (R$) PE
74.424 457.986 6.379 0.78%

Economy by Sector 2006

Primary sector Secondary sector Service sector
13.21% 29.38% 57.40%

Health Indicators

[14]

HDI (2000) Hospitals (2007) Hospitals beds (2007) Children's Mortality every 1000 (2005)
0.692 3 122 19.8

Historic structures

The historic center of Goiana received provisional status as a national monument by the National Institute of Historic and Artistic Heritage (IPHAN) in 2001. Nine religious structures were designated as national monuments of Brazil in 1938:

  • The Church and Convent of Our Lady of Solitude (Convento e Igreja de Nossa Senhora da Soledade)
  • The Convento e Igreja de Santo Alberto de Sicília
  • Church of the Third Order of Mount Carmel (Igreja da Ordem Terceira do Carmo)
  • The Igreja de Nossa Senhora da Conceição
  • The Igreja de Nossa Senhora da Misericórdia
  • Church of Our Lady of Protection (Igreja de Nossa Senhora do Amparo)
  • The Igreja de Nossa Senhora do Rosário dos Pretos
  • The Igreja Matriz de Nossa Senhora do Rosário
  • The Capela de Santo Antônio - Engenho Novo[15]

See also

References
  1. Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). "Goiana". Retrieved 2020-11-20.
  2. "Ranking IDHM Municípios 2010". Retrieved 2016-04-17.
  3. "IBGE Statistics". Retrieved 2016-04-17.
  4. One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Goyanna". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 303.
  5. Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. "Historic Centre of the Town of Goiás". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved 2022-12-08.
  6. RESEX Acaú-Goiana (in Portuguese), ISA: Instituto Socioambiental, retrieved 2016-06-06
  7. "Índios: O Brasil antes do descobrimento". educacao.uol.com.br (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2022-12-08.
  8. Sugar heritage and tourism in transition. Lee Jolliffe (1st ed.). Bristol: Channel View Publications. 2013. ISBN 978-1-84541-387-3. OCLC 810586174.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  9. "FCA Group - The Plant". www.fcagroup.com. Retrieved 2016-04-17.
  10. "New Fiat Toro Pickup Truck Launches In Brazil With Two Engines". Carscoops. Retrieved 2016-04-17.
  11. www.casulloweb.com.br, Casullo Agência Digital -. "Vivix Vidros Planos | The Company". vivix.com.br. Retrieved 2016-04-17.
  12. "Ipfa.nl". www.ipfa.nl. Retrieved 2016-04-17.
  13. Goiana 2007 GDP IBGE page 29 Archived March 4, 2016, at the Wayback Machine
  14. PE State site - City by city profile
  15. "BENS TOMBADOS E PROCESSOS DE TOMBAMENTO EM ANDAMENTO" (PDF). Brasília, Brazil: IPHAN. 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-01-10. Retrieved 2017-09-18.
  • Video Goiana of the future
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