Gatwick Airport drone incident

A recreational drone manufactured by DJI. There are no known photos of the drones allegedly used at Gatwick.

Gatwick Airport is a major international airport near Crawley, West Sussex, England, 29.5 miles (47.5 km) south of Central London.[1] It is the second-busiest airport by total passenger traffic in the UK, after Heathrow Airport.[2]

On 19 December 2018, shortly after 9 pm, a security officer reported seeing two drones while waiting at a bus stop at Gatwick Airport: one above a vehicle, and the other above a nearby perimeter fence. Due to the risk of collision with aircraft, Gatwick immediately closed its only runway and suspended all flights.[3] Within half an hour, six more sightings had been reported, five from police officers.[3] A number of flights were cancelled or diverted, stranding thousands of travellers.[4] By midnight, 58 flights had been cancelled.[3] The sightings of drones were reported up to 9 am the following day, in approximately hourly intervals.[5]

The following day, Gatwick prepared to reopen the runway several times; each time, more drone sightings were reported.[3] This led police to believe the operator was intentionally disrupting flights, and may have access to airport radar or communication systems.[3] No act of terrorism was suspected.[6] Police suspected that any drone would have been of an "industrial" class.[4]

Later that day, the military were deployed along with officers from five other police forces,[3] following a request from Sussex Police for help to end the unprecedented situation.[7][8] Authorities later stated that the suspected drone operator was within a 5-mile (8 km) radius of the airport.[9] Gatwick reopened with limited capacity at around 06:00 on 21 December.[10]

At 09:30 on 21 December, Gatwick Airport chief operating officer Chris Woodroofe described the airport as operating at "almost normal runway conditions",[11] and said it would be "back to normal" by the end of the day.[11] At 17:30, the runway was closed again due to a suspected drone sighting,[12] before being reopened at 18:23.[13]

There were delays to some scheduled flights on 22 December, resulting from the displacement of crews and aircraft.[14] The RAF withdrew on 3 January 2019 after Gatwick spent £5 million on a system to prevent attacks. During the crisis, it had been reported that the Army had been deployed and would be using the Drone Dome – an Israeli-developed counter UAS system – at Gatwick. The Ministry of Defence later confirmed that the RAF Regiment had been deployed and were using an alternative system as the Israeli one had not yet been delivered.[15] In total, the incident diverted or cancelled approximately 1,000 flights, affecting around 140,000 passengers.[14]

The investigation into the disruption lasted 18 months, cost £800,000 and involved five different police forces.[3] Gatwick Airport offered a £50,000 reward for information leading to the arrest of the perpetrators.[16] 170 drone sightings were reported, 115 of which were deemed "credible" by police.[3] No videos or photographs of the drone were given to the police.[17][18] Chief Constable Giles York said the police believed the original sightings were of an unauthorised drone, but that later sightings may have been of a drone used by Sussex Police.[19] In April 2019, Sussex Police said the disruption was likely caused by someone with knowledge of Gatwick "operational procedures", and that the drone pilot "seemed to be able to see what was happening on the runway".[20]

The investigation was closed on 27 September 2019, citing lack of new information.[3] No culprit or evidence of drone use was found.[3] There are no known photographs or videos of the drone, and authorities have no official description of the drone.[5]

Despite the number of reports, police received no photographs or videos of drones during the disruption.[3] On 23 December, a few days after the incident, DCS Jason Tingley of Sussex Police said it was possible there had never been any drone activity.[3][31] The next day, following criticism of the statement, Sussex Police chief constable Giles Yorke said he was certain a drone had been used, citing 92 "credible" reports.[3]

In 2019, an air traffic expert and a drone instructor quoted by the BBC speculated that the "drone" had in fact been a bird, a plastic bag, a balloon, a paper lantern or a distant manned aircraft.[32] In 2020, the Guardian journalist Samira Shackle published an investigation into the incident. Shackle suggested it was an instance of mass panic, in which "people attribute a sinister cause to something that had been there, unnoticed, all along". She cited studies showing that humans are inept at assessing distant fast-moving objects, and suggested that the initial sightings were of objects other than drones.[3] Sussex Police did not respond to repeated freedom-of-information requests made by drone enthusiasts about the nature of the drone sightings.[3]

As of December 2020, Sussex Police and Gatwick maintained the disruption was a malicious attack.[3] In September 2021, the Boston Dynamics vice president of global affairs, Brendan Schulman, who was previously an executive of the drone manufacturer DJI, said it was "clear" that the Gatwick incident had not involved a drone. He cited the lack of evidence for any drone in documents released through freedom-of-information requests, and said: "I can now comfortably say this as someone no longer in the industry, because it won't be attributed to an industry company who might sensationally be accused of being in denial."[33]

There were previous drone incidents at Gatwick Airport on 3 July 2017[47] and 9 July 2017. The latter was not made public until 15 October 2017.[48]

On the evening of 28 April 2019, Gatwick closed temporarily due to an unconfirmed sighting of a drone. It was the first sighting since the incidents of December 2018. Three flights diverted to London Stansted Airport, and returned to Gatwick around 90 minutes later.[49]

• List of UAV-related incidents
• Timeline of Gatwick Airport

• Related stories at the BBC News website