Gadolinium(III) hydroxide

Gadolinium(III) hydroxide is a chemical compound with the formula Gd(OH)3. Its nanoparticles has a potential use for layering various drugs, such as diclofenac, ibuprofen, and naproxen.

Gadolinium(III) hydroxide
Names
Systematic IUPAC name
Gandolinium trihydroxide
Other names
  • Gandolinium(III) hydroxide
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.036.817
EC Number
  • 240-516-5
  • InChI=1S/Gd.3H2O/h;3*1H2/q+3;;;/p-3
    Key: ILCLBMDYDXDUJO-UHFFFAOYSA-K
  • [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Gd+3]
Properties
Gd(OH)3
Molar mass 208.3 g/mol
Appearance White solid
Melting point 307 °C (585 °F; 580 K)[1] (decomposes)
Insoluble
Structure
Hexagonal[2]
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references

Production and properties

Gadolinium(III) hydroxide can be produced in various ways such as the reaction of gadolinium(III) nitrate and sodium hydroxide:[1]

Gd(NO3)3 + NaOH → Gd(OH)3 + NaNO3

If this compound is heated to 307 °C, it decomposes to gadolinium(III) oxide-hydroxide(GdOOH), which in turn decomposes to gadolinium(III) oxide if continually heated.[1]

Uses

Gadolinium(III) hydroxide has no commercial uses. However, gadolinium(III) hydroxide nanoparticles have gained interest as a coating agent for various anti-inflammatory drugs such as diclofenac, ibuprofen, and naproxen[3] due to their property to be non-cytotoxic.[4] The nanoparticles are produced by adding base anion exchange resin to gadolinium(III) nitrate.[2]

References
  1. Logvinenko, V.; Bakovets, V.; Trushnikova, L. (2014). "Dehydroxylation kinetics of gadolinium hydroxide". Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry. 115 (1): 517–521. doi:10.1007/s10973-013-3274-1. S2CID 97056121.
  2. Y. Kobayashi; H. Morimoto; T. Nakagawa; Y. Kubota; K.Gonda; N. Ohuchi (2016). "Fabrication of gadolinium hydroxide nanoparticles using ion-exchange resin and their MRI property". Journal of Asian Ceramic Societies. 4 (1): 138–142. doi:10.1016/j.jascer.2016.01.005. S2CID 101542680.
  3. Yadong Xu; Alvaro Goyanes; Yuwei Wang; Andrew J. Weston; Po-Wah So; Carlos F. G. C. Geraldes; Andrew M. Fogg; Abdul W. Basit; Gareth R. Williams (2018). "Layered gadolinium hydroxides for simultaneous drug delivery and imaging". Dalton Transactions. 47 (9): 3166–3177. doi:10.1039/C7DT03729E. PMID 29355263. S2CID 3577750.
  4. Hemmer, Eva; Kohl, Yvonne; Colquhoun, Victoria; Thielecke, Hagen; Soga, Kohei; Mathur, Sanjay (2010). "Probing Cytotoxicity of Gadolinium Hydroxide Nanostructures". The Journal of Physical Chemistry B. 114 (12): 4358–4365. doi:10.1021/jp911607h. PMID 20218658.
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