Flat Top Island Light

Flat Top Island Light is an inactive lighthouse on Flat Top Island, a small island off the entrance to Mackay harbor at the mouth of Pioneer River, about 6.5 kilometres (4.0 mi) east of Mackay, Queensland, Australia. It used to mark the river entrance for shipping and the direction of the port, as well as highlighting close by shoals at Shoalwater Point and a reef off Hay Point.[2] At 6 metres (20 ft) from the ground to the lantern floor, it is the shortest of Queensland's timber-framed iron clad lighthouses.[3]

Flat Top Island Light
Flat Top Island Light, 1917
LocationFlat Top Island
Mackay
Queensland
Australia
Coordinates21°09′41.4″S 149°14′48.17″E
Tower
Constructed1878
Foundationstone and concrete tower
Constructiontimber frame clad with galvanized iron
Automatedabout 1920
Height32 feet (9.8 m)
Shapeconical tower
Markingswhite tower, red lantern dome
Light
First lit1879[1]
Deactivated2007
Focal height174 feet (53 m)
Lens4th order
CharacteristicFl (4) WR 20s. (defunct)
Plan of Flat Top Island, showing the location of the lighthous

History
Plan of the lighthouse, 1877

Tenders for the construction of the lighthouse were called in February 1877,[4] and the tender accepted on September of that year was by Archibald McIntyre.[5] Construction commenced in December 1877[6] and complete in May 1878.[7] However, the lighthouse was not officially lit, as the permanent apparatus was not available and a temporary one was used. The light was officially lit only on 27 December 1879 with the installation of the permanent apparatus.[8] As typical for lighthouses of that period in Queensland, the tower is conical in shape, built of an internal timber frame, clad with galvanized iron plates. The foundation was 4 feet (1.2 m) deep and 17 feet (5.2 m) wide, made of stone and concrete. The lighthouse diameter is 11 feet 3 inches (3.43 m) at the bottom and 7 feet (2.1 m) at the top. The height of the tower is 20 feet (6 m) from the ground to the balcony, making it the shortest of the composite lighthouses ever built in Queensland.[3] From the ground to the top the height reported on construction was 31 feet (9.4 m),[9] with the light being shown at 23 feet (7 m).[10] However, the height was no hindrance, as the focal height was 174 feet (53 m).[11][8] The permanent light installed was a fixed fourth order dioptric and was visible for 19 nautical miles (35 km; 22 mi). It showed white light for directions clear of danger (except where obscured by the close by Round Top Island) and red over danger. An additional red sector was later installed to show further dangerous locations.[8] The lighthouse is currently painted white with a red dome.[11]

In January 1918 the lighthouse was the only structure on the island and the only aid to navigation to survive the 1918 Mackay cyclone.[12] The lighthouse was automated around 1920. In 1991, the light source was still an open flame acetylene gas burner.[13]

The light was discontinued in March 2007[14] and it is currently conserved on site.[15] The last light characteristic displayed was four flashes every twenty seconds, red and white depending on the direction (Fl.(4)W.R. 20s).[11]

Site operation and visiting

The lighthouse is currently inactive. Before that, it was operated by the Australian Maritime Safety Authority. The island is accessible only by boat. It is unclear whether public access to the site and tower are available.[11]

See also

Notes
  1. According to Marquis-Kyle 2009, p. 7 and Davenport 1986, p. 150. Rowlett states 1894. Butler 1994 states 1878, which is the year in which it was built.
  2. Davenport 1986, p. 150.
  3. Marquis-Kyle 2009, p. 4.
  4. "Telegraphic Despatches". Rockhampton Bulletin. 12 February 1877.
  5. "Telegraphic Despatches". Rockhampton Bulletin. 17 September 1877.
  6. "Mackay December 24". The Queenslander. 5 January 1878.
  7. Morning Bulletin reports on 3 May that it is "almost completed" and a letter at "Flat Top Island Lighthouse, Qld". Lighthouses of Australia Inc Bulletin (2). 2003. Archived from the original on 8 October 2017. Retrieved 2 October 2017. states it was built in May 1878.
  8. "Notice to Mariners, Light, Flat-Top Island, Pioneer River". The Northern Territory Times and Gazette. 27 December 1879.
  9. Morning Bulletin. Note that Rowlett gives a close 32 feet (9.8 m).
  10. Morning Bulletin.
  11. Rowlett.
  12. "Disaster at Mackay". The Sydney Morning Herald. 26 January 1918.
  13. AHD101515.
  14. Australian Notices to Mariners.
  15. Marquis-Kyle 2009, p. 5.

References
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