Eumetabola

Eumetabola
	Apis dorsata on Tribulus terrestris
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Infraclass:	Neoptera
(unranked):	Eumetabola

Eumetabola is an unranked clade of Neoptera. Two large unities known as the Eumetabola and Paurometabola are probably from the adelphotaxa of the Neoptera after exclusion of the Plecoptera. The monophyly of these unities appears to be weakly justified.[1]

Eumetabola has the highest number of species of any clade. According to a phylogenetic analysis, the Eumetabola clade originated 390-350 million years ago, in the Late Devonian.[2]

Phylogeny

The phylogeny of Eumetabola is shown in the cladogram according to Kluge 2004, 2010, and 2012:[3][4][5]

Neoptera

	Idioprothoraca

	Rhipineoptera

Eumetabola

Parametabola

Zoraptera (angel insects)

Acercaria

Condylognatha

	Thysanoptera (thrips)

	Hemiptera (bugs)

Panpsocoptera

	Psocoptera (bark lice)

	Phthiraptera (lice)

Endopterygota

Elytrophora

	Coleoptera (beetles)

	Strepsiptera (twisted-wing parasites)

Coleopteroidea

Neuropterida

Neuroptera (net-winged insects)

	Raphidioptera (snakeflies)

	Megaloptera (alderflies, dobsonflies, fishflies)

Neuropteroidea

Antliophora

Diptera (true flies)

Mecoptera (scorpionflies)

	Boreidae (snow scorpionflies)

	Siphonaptera (fleas)

Amphiesmenoptera

	Trichoptera (caddisflies)

	Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths)

Hymenoptera (sawflies, wasps, ants, bees)

References

Paurometabola — Eumetabola link.springer.com
Wang, Y.-h. et al. Fossil record of stem groups employed in evaluating the chronogram of insects (Arthropoda: Hexapoda). Sci. Rep. 6, 38939; doi: 10.1038/srep38939 (2016).
Kluge, Nikita J. (2004). "Larval/pupal leg transformation and a new diagnosis for the taxon Metabola Burmeister, 1832 = Oligoneoptera Martynov, 1923" (PDF). Russian Entomological Journal. 13 (4): 189–229.
Kluge, Nikita J. (2010). "Circumscriptional names of higher taxa in Hexapoda" (PDF). Bionomina. 1: 15–55. doi:10.11646/bionomina.1.1.3.
Kluge, Nikita J. (2012). "General System of Neoptera with Description of a New Species of Embioptera" (PDF). Russian Entomological Journal. 21 (4): 371–384. doi:10.15298/rusentj.21.4.03.

External links

Eumetabola Hennig 1953 insecta.bio.spbu.ru
Grimaldi, D.; Engel, M. S. 2005: Evolution of the insects. Cambridge University Press, New York. limited preview on Google books
"The Earliest known Holometabolous insects"

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[1] Paurometabola — Eumetabola link.springer.com

[2] Wang, Y.-h. et al. Fossil record of stem groups employed in evaluating the chronogram of insects (Arthropoda: Hexapoda). Sci. Rep. 6, 38939; doi: 10.1038/srep38939 (2016).

[Kluge_2004-3] Kluge, Nikita J. (2004). "Larval/pupal leg transformation and a new diagnosis for the taxon Metabola Burmeister, 1832 = Oligoneoptera Martynov, 1923" (PDF). Russian Entomological Journal. 13 (4): 189–229.

[Kluge_2010-4] Kluge, Nikita J. (2010). "Circumscriptional names of higher taxa in Hexapoda" (PDF). Bionomina. 1: 15–55. doi:10.11646/bionomina.1.1.3.

[Kluge_2012-5] Kluge, Nikita J. (2012). "General System of Neoptera with Description of a New Species of Embioptera" (PDF). Russian Entomological Journal. 21 (4): 371–384. doi:10.15298/rusentj.21.4.03.