Education in Argentina

The scale to grade up the academic performance in students at most of the primary and secondary schools rests in the 1-10 ladder as is described in the following frame.

As of the start of the 2019 school year, in 16 out of 24 jurisdictions (23 provinces + the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires), 6 is the minimum passing grade, while in the others is 7.[12] In the University System however the scale can vary depending on the independent policies and statutes of grading of each independent Argentine University.

The ubiquitous white uniform of Argentine school children is a national symbol of learning.

Secondary school in the Pampas city of Bragado. Argentina's secondary schools belong to a provincial system.

Accepted between ages 6 and 14. Primary education is the first EP cycle (grades 1–6). Because of the system that was in place during 1995–2007, most schools that offered 7 years of primary school prior to 1995 were forced to be converted and accept grades 8th and 9th, while others chose to eliminate 7th grade altogether, forcing students to complete the 3rd cycle in another institution.

Secondary education in Argentina comprises two levels. Years 1st to 3rd are common to all schools (Ciclo básico). Years 4th to 6th (in some provinces 4th to 5th) are organized in orientations (Ciclo orientado) such as Social Sciences, Natural Sciences, Arts, Sport, Design, etc. An additional year is offered in certain schools (Technical-Professional schools), which grants a professional title, also with orientations (agriculture, electricity, mechanics, construction, etc.).

In many provinces the secondary education system is still divided in three traditional large groups, "Bachiller" schools (very similar to grammar schools with a huge emphasis on humanistic studies), "Comercial" schools (focusing on economic sciences and everything related to it) and "Escuelas Técnicas" (with a focus on technical and scientific assignments, this one having the particularity of lasting six/seven years instead of five/six, it used to be called "Industrial") each one subdivided in more specific orientations related to its main branch.

In December 2006 the Chamber of Deputies of the Argentine Congress approved a new National Education Law restoring the old system of primary followed by secondary education, making secondary education obligatory and a right, and increasing the length of compulsory education to 12 years. The transitional period ended in 2011.

In addition an adult system of high schools (usually called Acelerados, Spanish for accelerated) exists in order to guarantee secondary education to people over 18. Normally it consists in 2 or 3 years of intensive program of study and it is provided by a large number of public and private schools varying on each province. Night shift is available in order to satisfy those who work during the day. These high school diplomas are accepted to enroll in a university.

Argentina's network of vocational schools, many under the auspices of the National Technological University (UTN) or the provincial educational systems, have historically given students viable alternatives, as well.

As of January 2015, the International Schools Consultancy (ISC)[13] listed Argentina as having 160 international schools.[14] ISC defines an 'international school' in the following terms "ISC includes an international school if the school delivers a curriculum to any combination of pre-school, primary or secondary students, wholly or partly in English outside an English-speaking country, or if a school in a country where English is one of the official languages, offers an English-medium curriculum other than the country’s national curriculum and is international in its orientation."[14] This definition is used by publications including The Economist.[15]

Argentine higher education system is based, since its conception during the colonial period, on the old and dogmatic Spanish higher education system, which is basically a Continental education system (opposed to the Anglo-Saxon Model). A historic event took place in the Reforma Universitaria de 1918, a highly-popular series of reforms that took place in the oldest university of the Country, the Universidad de Córdoba that finally paved the way to the modernization of the Argentinian higher university systems as it is known nowadays. Since its foundation, it was focused on the teaching of Professions offering Professional degrees.

• Higher education institutes: 1- to 5-year degrees related to education or technical professions like Teachers, Professorship, Technicians.
• Universities: 4- to 7-years of professional education taught at universities offering many different degrees, such as Licentiate, Engineer's degree, Medic Title, Attorney Title, Professorships, Translation degrees, etc.
• Post-graduate degrees: This is a specialized and research-oriented education level. It is roughly divided in a first sub-level where a Specialist degree can be obtained in a 12–18 months period or Master's degree, requiring 24–30 months and an original research work and a higher sub-level where a Doctorate degree could be achieved.

One important aspect is that Public universities at tertiary education level and at university level are tuition-free and open to anyone. Although it is not required to pay any kind of fee at universities, hidden costs of education, like transportation and materials, are often neglected. The lack of a well-developed and widespread scholarship system makes it hard for students from low-income families to enroll in public universities: for each eight students from the 20% upper-income class, there is only one student from the 20% lower-income class.[16] In contrast, post-graduate education requires some form of funding and it is generally not free.

Additionally, financial pressure to freshman college students force them to join the work force before graduation, thus it is very common for young students to have full-time jobs and at the same time study at the University. This is considered beneficial because when the students graduate they already have working experience, though this could also be one of the causes of the high ratio of dropouts.[16][17]

The University of Buenos Aires Law School

Argentina maintains a network of 39 National universities, financed by the Ministry of Education since 1946. Private and parochial universities are also abundant, numbering 46 among the active institutions and they enroll about a sixth of the collegiate student body (see University reform in Argentina and List of universities in Argentina).[11] Summing up, over 1.5 million students attend institutions of higher learning in Argentina, annually (roughly half the population of college age).[18]

Argentina does not have a standard and common system of examination after high school, thus admission to universities is strictly defined by each university. Moreover, a steady degradation in primary and secondary education created a huge difference between the required level to enter a university and the level achieved by the high school students. Some universities like University of Buenos Aires cope with this issue by creating a 1-year shared program called CBC that students need to complete in order to join the university.[19]

The doctoral fields of study in Argentina are generally research-oriented doctoral studies, leading mostly to the awarding of the degrees of Doctor of Philosophy, Doctor of Science, Doctor of Medicine, and Doctor of Law, among others. Enrollment in doctorate programs in Argentina is available to candidates having earned a Licentiate, Professorships Engineer's degree or Master's degree in a related area of study.[20][21]

Doctoral fields of study mostly pertain to one of five fields of knowledge: Applied Sciences, Basic Sciences, Health Sciences, Human Sciences and Social Sciences. The doctoral studies offered by the Argentine universities include multiple fields and do have national and international validity of the degrees granted.[22][23]

Academic regulations governing doctorates, and their corresponding fields, in Argentina prescribe that all graduate courses must be accredited by the National Commission for University Evaluation and Accreditation. This entity stands as a public and decentralized body working under the jurisdiction of the Department of Education, Science and Technology. It administers the process of evaluation and accreditation for all doctorate programs, and is responsible for the institutional evaluation of all such programs at a national level.[24] Graduate programs, including the Doctorados (PhDs), set standards per guidelines set forth by the Ministry of Science and Technology,[25] together with the Universities Council.

Additionally, external evaluations of the doctoral programs are carried out by the National Commission for University Evaluation and Accreditation, or private entities created to that effect, together with the participation of academic peers. Argentine institutions of higher education provide further accreditation by international establishments to many of their courses of studies.[26]

• Autonomous University of Entre Ríos
• University of Buenos Aires
• National University Arturo Jauretche
• National University of Avellaneda
• National University of Catamarca
• National University of Chilecito
• National University of Córdoba
• National University of Cuyo
• National University of Entre Ríos
• National University of Formosa
• National University of General San Martín
• National University of General Sarmiento
• National University of José C. Paz
• National University of Jujuy
• National University of La Matanza
• National University of La Pampa
• National University of Patagonia
• National University of Patagonia Austral
• National University of La Plata
• National University of La Rioja
• National University of Lanús
• National University of Lomas de Zamora
• National University of Luján
• National University of Mar del Plata
• National University of Misiones
• National University of Moreno
• National University of Quilmes
• National University of Río Cuarto
• National University of Río Negro
• National University of Rosario
• National University of Salta
• National University of San Juan
• National University of San Luis
• National University of Santiago del Estero
• National University of the South
• National University of Tierra del Fuego, Antarctica and South Atlantic Islands
• National University of Tres de Febrero
• National University of Tucumán
• National University of Villa María
• National University of Villa Mercedes
• National University of Central Buenos Aires
• National University of Austral Chaco
• National University of Comahue
• National University of Litoral
• National University of Noroeste of Buenos Aires
• National University of the Oeste
• National Technological University
• National University Of San Antonio De Areco

• Technological Institute of Buenos Aires
• University Institute of Health Sciences - HA Barceló Foundation
• H. A. Barceló Foundation
• Open Interamerican University
• Adventist University of Plata
• Argentina University of the Company
• Universidad Argentina John F. Kennedy
• Atlantis Argentina University
• Austral University (Argentina)
• University Blas Pascal
• Caece University
• Catholic University Argentina
• Catholic University of Córdoba
• Catholic University of Cuyo
• Catholic University of La Plata
• Catholic University of Parana
• Catholic University of Salta
• Catholic University of Santa Fe
• Catholic University of Santiago del Estero
• Champagnat University
• University of Belgrano
• CEMA University
• Universidad Argentina de la Empresa
• University of Business and Social Sciences
• University of Concepcion del Uruguay
• University of Congress
• University of Flores
• University of Cuenca del Plata
• University of the Fraternity of St. Thomas Aquino Groupings
• University of Merchant
• University of Mendoza
• University of Morón
• University of Palermo
• University of San Andrés
• University of San Isidro (USI)
• University of Sao Paulo (Tucuman)
• University of Aconcagua
• University of the Latin American Educational Center
• University of Cinema
• University of the Argentine Social Museum
• University of North St. Thomas Aquinas
• University of Salvador
• 21st Century Business University
• University Favaloro
• University ISALUD
• Juan Agustín Maza University
• University Maimonides
• University Notarial Argentina
• Torcuato di Tella University