List of ecoregions in Mexico

The following is a list of ecoregions in Mexico as identified by the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF). A different system of ecoregional analysis is used by the Commission for Environmental Cooperation, a trilateral body linking Mexican, Canadian and United States environmental regime.

Terrestrial ecoregions of Mexico

Terrestrial ecoregions

The terrestrial ecoregions of Mexico span two biogeographic realms - the Nearctic and Neotropic - which together constitute the entire biogeography of the Americas.

Veracruz is the most biodiverse state with 10 ecoregions across 5 biomes and 2 realms. Chiapas comes in a close second with 10 ecoregions across 4 biomes in the same realm. By contrast, Morelos is the least biodiverse state with just 2 ecoregions.[1]

Realm Biome Ecoregion State
Nearctic Deserts and xeric shrublands Baja California desert Baja California, Baja California Sur
Nearctic Deserts and xeric shrublands Central Mexican matorral Aguascalientes, Guanajuato, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico, Mexico City, Michoacán, Querétaro, Zacatecas
Nearctic Deserts and xeric shrublands Chihuahuan Desert Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo León, Sonora, Zacatecas
Nearctic Deserts and xeric shrublands Gulf of California xeric scrub Baja California, Baja California Sur
Nearctic Deserts and xeric shrublands Meseta Central matorral Coahuila, Durango, Hidalgo, Nuevo León, Querétaro, San Luis Potosí, Tamaulipas, Zacatecas
Nearctic Deserts and xeric shrublands Sonoran Desert Baja California, Sinaloa, Sonora
Nearctic Deserts and xeric shrublands Tamaulipan matorral Nuevo León, Tamaulipas
Nearctic Deserts and xeric shrublands Tamaulipan mezquital Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas
Nearctic Mangroves Northwest Mexican Coast mangroves Baja California Sur, Sinaloa, Sonora
Nearctic Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub California coastal sage and chaparral Baja California
Nearctic Temperate coniferous forests Sierra Juárez and San Pedro Mártir pine–oak forests Baja California
Nearctic Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests Sierra Madre Occidental pine–oak forests Chihuahua, Durango, Jalisco, Sonora, Zacatecas
Nearctic Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests Sierra Madre Oriental pine–oak forests Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Hidalgo, Nuevo León, Puebla, Querétaro, San Luis Potosí, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Zacatecas
Nearctic Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests Sonoran–Sinaloan transition subtropical dry forest Sinaloa, Sonora
Nearctic Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands Tamaulipan pastizal Tamaulipas
Neotropical Deserts and xeric shrublands San Lucan xeric scrub Baja California Sur
Neotropical Deserts and xeric shrublands Tehuacán Valley matorral Oaxaca, Puebla, Tlaxcala
Neotropical Flooded grasslands and savannas Central Mexican wetlands Mexico, Michoacán, Guanajuato, Mexico City
Neotropical Mangroves Alvarado mangroves Tamaulipas, Veracruz
Neotropical Mangroves Belizean Coast mangroves Quintana Roo
Neotropical Mangroves Marismas Nacionales–San Blas mangroves Nayarit, Sinaloa
Neotropical Mangroves Mayan Corridor mangroves Quintana Roo
Neotropical Mangroves Mexican South Pacific Coast mangroves Guerrero, Michoacán, Oaxaca
Neotropical Mangroves Petenes mangroves Campeche, Yucatán
Neotropical Mangroves Ría Lagartos mangroves Yucatán
Neotropical Mangroves Tehuantepec–El Manchón mangroves Chiapas
Neotropical Mangroves Usumacinta mangroves Tabasco
Neotropical Montane grasslands and shrublands Zacatonal Hidalgo, Mexico, Morelos
Neotropical Tropical and subtropical coniferous forests Central American pine–oak forests Chiapas
Neotropical Tropical and subtropical coniferous forests Sierra de la Laguna pine–oak forests Baja California Sur
Neotropical Tropical and subtropical coniferous forests Sierra Madre de Oaxaca pine–oak forests Oaxaca, Puebla, Veracruz
Neotropical Tropical and subtropical coniferous forests Sierra Madre del Sur pine–oak forests Guerrero, Jalisco, Michoacán, Oaxaca, Puebla
Neotropical Tropical and subtropical coniferous forests Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt pine–oak forests Aguascalientes, Colima, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico, Mexico City, Michoacán, Morelos, Nayarit, Puebla, Querétaro, San Luis Potosí, Tlaxcala, Veracruz, Zacatecas
Neotropical Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests Bajío dry forests Guanajuato, Jalisco, Michoacán
Neotropical Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests Balsas dry forests Guerrero, Mexico, Michoacán, Morelos, Oaxaca and Puebla
Neotropical Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests Central American dry forests Chiapas
Neotropical Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests Chiapas Depression dry forests Chiapas
Neotropical Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests Jalisco dry forests Colima, Jalisco, Michoacán, Nayarit
Neotropical Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests Revillagigedo Islands dry forests Colima
Neotropical Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests Sierra de la Laguna dry forests Baja California Sur
Neotropical Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests Sinaloan dry forests Chihuahua, Jalisco, Nayarit, Sinaloa, Sonora
Neotropical Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests Southern Pacific dry forests Chiapas, Guerrero, Oaxaca
Neotropical Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests Veracruz dry forests Veracruz
Neotropical Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests Yucatán dry forests Campeche, Quintana Roo, Yucatán
Neotropical Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests Chiapas montane forests Chiapas
Neotropical Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests Chimalapas montane forests Chiapas, Oaxaca
Neotropical Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests Oaxacan montane forests Oaxaca, Puebla, Veracruz
Neotropical Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests Pantanos de Centla Campeche, Chiapas, Tabasco
Neotropical Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests Petén–Veracruz moist forests Campeche, Chiapas, Oaxaca, Puebla, Quintana Roo, Tabasco, Veracruz
Neotropical Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests Sierra de los Tuxtlas Veracruz
Neotropical Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests Sierra Madre de Chiapas moist forests Chiapas
Neotropical Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests Veracruz moist forests Hidalgo, Puebla, San Luis Potosí, Tamaulipas, Veracruz
Neotropical Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests Veracruz montane forests Hidalgo, Puebla, Veracruz
Neotropical Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests Yucatán moist forests Campeche, Quintana Roo, Yucatán

Freshwater ecoregions

Baja California Complex

Colorado River Complex

Sinaloan Coastal Complex
  • Sinaloan Coastal

Rio Bravo Complex

Lerma/Santiago Complex

Rio Panuco Complex

Balsas Complex

Pacific Central Complex

Atlantic Central Complex

Marine ecoregions

Warm Temperate Northeast Pacific

Tropical East Pacific

Warm Temperate Northwest Atlantic
  • Northern Gulf of Mexico[2]

Tropical Northwestern Atlantic
  • Southern Gulf of Mexico[2]
  • Western Caribbean[2]

See also

References
  1. "The Atlas of Global Conservation". maps.tnc.org. Retrieved 2020-11-17.
  2. "Marine Ecoregions (Spalding 2007). [Map by] GEOMAR, University of Seville, Department of Human Geography". Marine ecoregions. marineplan.es. Archived from the original (jpg) on 2017-02-12. Retrieved 2013-09-26.
  • Olson, D., Dinerstein, E., Canevari, P., Davidson, I., Castro, G., Morisset, V., Abell, R., and Toledo, E.; eds. (1998). Freshwater biodiversity of Latin America and the Caribbean: A conservation assessment. Biodiversity Support Program, Washington DC.
  • Ricketts, Taylor H; Eric Dinerstein; David M. Olson; Colby J. Loucks; et al. (1999). Terrestrial Ecoregions of North America: a Conservation Assessment. Island Press; Washington, DC.
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