Direct image with compact support

Image functors for sheaves
direct image f∗
inverse image f∗
direct image with compact support f!
exceptional inverse image Rf!
${\displaystyle f^{*}\leftrightarrows f_{*}}$
${\displaystyle (R)f_{!}\leftrightarrows (R)f^{!}}$
Base change theorems

Let f: X → Y be a continuous mapping of locally compact Hausdorff topological spaces, and let Sh(–) denote the category of sheaves of abelian groups on a topological space. The direct image with compact (or proper) support is the functor

f_!: Sh(X) → Sh(Y)

that sends a sheaf F on X to the sheaf f_!(F) given by the formula

f_!(F)(U) := {s ∈ F(f ⁻¹(U)) | f|_supp(s): supp(s) → U is proper}

for every open subset U of Y. Here, the notion of a proper map of spaces is unambiguous since the spaces in question are locally compact Hausdorff.[1] This defines f_!(F) as a subsheaf of the direct image sheaf f_∗(F), and the functoriality of this construction then follows from basic properties of the support and the definition of sheaves.

The assumption that the spaces be locally compact Hausdorff is imposed in most sources (e.g., Iversen or Kashiwara–Schapira). In slightly greater generality, Olaf Schnürer and Wolfgang Soergel have introduced the notion of a "locally proper" map of spaces and shown that the functor of direct image with compact support remains well-behaved when defined for separated and locally proper continuous maps between arbitrary spaces.[2]

• If f is proper, then f_! equals f_∗.
• If f is an open embedding, then f_! identifies with the extension by zero functor.[3]

• Iversen, Birger (1986), Cohomology of sheaves, Universitext, Berlin, New York: Springer-Verlag, ISBN 978-3-540-16389-3, MR 0842190, esp. section VII.1