Demographics of Bihar

At the 2011 Census, Bihar was the third most populous state of India with total population of 104,099,452, nearly 89% of it rural. It was also India's most densely populated state, with 1,106 persons per square kilometre. The sex ratio was 918 females per 1000 males.[1] Almost 58% of Bihar's population was below 25 years age, which is the highest in India. At 11.3%, Bihar has the second-lowest urbanisation rate in India after Himachal Pradesh.[2]

Most of Bihar's population belongs to a collection of ethnic groups speaking indic languages. It also attracted Punjabi Hindu refugees during the Partition of British India in 1947.[3] Bihar has a total literacy rate of 63.82% (73.39% for males and 53.33% for females), recording a growth of 20% in female literacy over the preceding decade. According to the 2011 census, 82.7% of Bihar's population practised Hinduism, while 16.9% followed Islam.[4] Bihar has highest fertility rate of 3.41 in comparison to the other states of India.[5]

Population
Population by Age group (2001)[6]
Age GroupTotalMaleFemale
0–41100607256232805382792
5–91280430267052636099039
10–141106377759702015093576
15–19719018840286433161545
20–24632319331800633143130
25–29590830828947063013602
30–34554978727138712835916
35–39507793525760892501846
40–44415320322137701939433
45–49346166417783681683296
50–54271104115436201167421
55–5920699409900111079929
60–6421039091120743983166
65–691354937683656671281
70–741029921571438458483
75–79446860233961212899
80+565647312207253440
Age not stated17782510390573920
All ages829985094324379539754714

Religion
Main article: Religion in Bihar

Religions in Bihar 2011

  Hinduism (82.7%)
  Islam (16.9%)
  Others (0.4%)
Religion in Bihar
Religion2001[7]2011[8]
Hinduism69,076,91986,078,686
Islam13,722,04817,557,809
Christianity53,137129,247
Buddhism18,81825,453
Sikhism20,78023,779
Jainism16,08518,914
Other52,90513,437
Not statedn/a[lower-alpha 1]252,127
Total82,998,509104,099,452
Religion in Bihar (%)
Religion2001[7]2011[8]
Hinduism83.2282.69
Islam16.5316.87
Christianity0.060.12
Buddhism0.020.02
Sikhism0.030.02
Jainism0.020.02
Other0.060.01
Not statedn/a[lower-alpha 2]0.24

As per recently released Bihar caste-based survey 2022, Hinduism is practised by 81.99% and Islam is followed by 17.70%.[9]

Caste and ethnic groups
Main article: Bihar caste-based survey 2022

As per Bihar government’s Bihar caste-based survey 2022 report, released on 2 October 2023, showed that extremely backward classes (EBCs) account for 36.01 percent of the 13.07 crore population of the state.[10][11] OBCs, EBCs together account for 63% of total population of Bihar.[12][13]

Caste Groups of Bihar[14][15]
Caste GroupsPopulation[16] (%)
OBC27.12%
EBC36.01%
Dalits(SCs)19.65%
Forward caste15.52%
Adivasis(STs)1.68%


CastePopulationPercentage
Yadav18,650,11914.2666%
Kushwaha (Koeri)5,506,1134.212%
Kurmi3,762,9692.8785%
Brahmin4,781,2803.6575%
Teli3,677,4912.8131%
Mallah (Nishad)3,410,0932.6086%
Nonia2,498,4741.9112%
Kanu2,892,7612.2129%
Bania3,026,9122.3155%
Bhumihar3,750,8862.8693%
Rajput4,510,7333.4505%
Dushadh6,943,0005.3111%
Musahar4,035,7873.0872%
Kayastha785,7710.6011%
Ravidas6,869,6645.255%
  • As per, 2011 Census of India , Scheduled Castes constitute 16% of Bihar's 104 million population.[17] The census identified 21 of 23 Dalit sub-castes as Mahadalits.[18] Mahadalit community consists of the following sub castes - Bantar, Bauri, Bhogta, Bhuiya, Chaupal, Dabgar, Dom (Dhangad), Ghasi, Halalkhor, Hari (Mehtar, Bhangi), Kanjar, Kurariar, Lalbegi, Musahar, Nat, Pan (Swasi), Rajwar, Turi, Dhobi, Pasi, Chamar and Paswan (Dusadh).[19] Paswan caste was initially left out of the Mahadalit category.[20][21][22] Adivasis (Scheduled Tribes) constitute around 1.3% of Bihar population.[23][24] Tribals include Gond, Santhal and Tharu communities in Bihar.[25][26]
  • Extremely Backward Class (EBCs) are also sometimes referred to as Most Backward Class(MBCs). There are 130-odd EBC castes in Bihar.[27][28][29]

Languages
Main article: Languages of Bihar
See also: Maithili language, Bhojpuri, Angika, Magahi, Magadhi Prakrit, and Hindi in Bihar

Languages of Bihar (2011)[30]

  Hindi (25.54%)
  Bhojpuri (24.86%)
  Maithili (12.55%)
  Magahi (10.87%)
  Urdu (8.42%)
  Surjapuri (1.78%)
  Others (15.98%)

Hindi and Urdu are the official languages of the state, whilst the majority of the people speak one of the Bihari languages – Bhojpuri, Magadhi, Maithili or Angika. Maithili is also one of the recognised regional languages of India as per the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution of India. Proponents have called Bhojpuri, Magahi, Bajjika and Angika to receive the same status.[31][32][33]

Education
Education in Bihar (2001)[34]
LevelPersonsMaleFemale
Literate without educational1,715,0491,109,731605,318
Below Primary7,890,3294,754,1373,136,192
Primary8,334,7095,130,9173,203,792
Middle4,390,2263,012,1511,378,075
Secondary4,751,5603,439,9181,311,642
Higher Secondary1,826,0931,385,282440,811
Technical Diploma24,98920,0884,901
Non-technical Diploma48,53240,4588,074
Graduate & above2,109,4151,737,651371,764
Unclassified18,67514,0434,632
Main articles: Education in Bihar and Literacy In Bihar

Bihar has a total literacy rate of 69.83%. Overall Male and Female literacy rate is 70.32% and 53.57% respectively.[35] Total Rural literacy rate is 43.9%. In rural areas of Bihar, Male and Female literacy rate is 57.1 and 29.6 respectively. Total Urban literacy rate is 71.9. In urban areas of Bihar, Male and Female literacy rate is 79.9 and 62.6 respectively. .[36] Total number of literates in Bihar is 3,16,75,607 which consists 2,09,78,955 Male and 1,06,96,652 Female. Patna has highest Literacy Rate of 63.82% followed by Rohtas (62.36%) and Munger (60.11%). Kishanganj has lowest Literacy Rate of 31.02% followed by Araria (34.94%) and Katihar (35.29%).

Economics
Main article: Economy of Bihar

Districts
Districtwise Demographics (2001)[37]
Districts of BiharTotal Population
2001
Male Population
2001
Female Population
2001
Growth Rate
1981–91
Growth Rate
1991-01
Sex Ratio
1991
Sex Ratio
2001
Population density
1991
Population density
2001
West Champaran3,043,0441,600,8531,442,19118.3030.40877901446582
East Champaran3,933,6362,072,3501,861,28625.4629.27883898767991
Sheohar514,288271,261243,02727.3436.168768968531,161
Sitamarhi2,669,8871,410,1491,259,73823.1332.588848939151,214
Madhubani3,570,6511,837,3611,733,29021.7626.089329438091,020
Supaul1,745,069908,855836,21423.4529.95904920557724
Araria2,124,8311,108,9241,015,90726.6931.84907916569751
Kishanganj1,294,063666,910627,15322.2031.50933940522687
Purnia2,540,7881,325,7941,214,99423.7635.23903916582787
Katihar2,389,5331,244,9431,144,59027.7730.91909919597782
Madhepura1,524,596796,272728,32422.1629.45885915659853
Saharsa1,506,418788,585717,83325.5433.03884910665885
Darbhanga3,285,4731,716,6401,568,83325.0430.859119141,1021,442
Muzaffarpur3,743,8361,941,4801,802,35625.3026.749049289311,180
Gopalganj2,149,3431,072,1511,077,19225.1226.119681,0058381,057
Siwan district2,708,8401,332,2181,376,62222.0424.781,0171,0339781,221
Saran3,251,4741,654,4281,597,04623.4426.379639659741,231
Vaishali2,712,3891,412,2761,300,11329.0826.399219211,0541,332
Samastipur3,413,4131,771,2491,642,16428.3525.639269279361,175
Begusarai2,342,9891,226,0571,116,93224.6129.118989119461,222
Khagaria1,276,677675,501601,17628.4429.32868890664859
Bhagalpur2,430,3311,294,1921,136,13920.6727.24864878743946
Banka1,608,778843,061765,71724.4424.47893908428533
Munger1,135,499604,662530,83717.7920.34856878665800
Lakhisarai801,173416,727384,44621.0823.94880923526652
Sheikhpura525,137273,468251,66919.8424.96896920610762
Nalanda2,368,3271,236,4671,131,86021.7318.648989158481,006
Patna4,709,8512,514,9492,194,90219.8430.178678731,1301,471
Bhojpur2,233,4151,175,3331,058,08220.2624.58904900725903
Buxar1,403,462738,239665,22318.6329.03884901670864
Kaimur1,284,575673,556611,01924.2030.64884907292382
Rohtas2,448,7621,282,6551,166,10721.7727.71894909498636
Jehanabad1,511,406783,960727,44619.4328.64919928749963
Aurangabad2,004,9601,035,757969,20324.4930.19915936466607
Gaya3,464,9831,789,2311,675,75223.9230.03922937536696
Nawada1,809,425928,638880,78723.7033.08936948545726
Jamui1,397,474728,812668,66221.9032.90903917339451

Miscellaneous statistics

As of 2001, Bihar had 212,015 international migrants[38] and 1,619,031 inter-state migrants.[39]

See also

References

Notes

  1. The 2001 Census did not record a figure for people who did not specify their religion
  2. The 2001 Census did not record a figure for people who did not specify their religion

Citations

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  10. "Bihar caste survey released: EBCs form 36% of population, OBCs at 27.13%". Archived from the original on 2 October 2023. Retrieved 2 October 2023.
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