DRB Class 50

50 1724 at Köln-Gereon (26 May 1990)

DB No. 050 915-8 on a Hof-Marktredwitz passenger train, Easter 1972

In spite of wartime losses, a large number of engines still remained in 1945. No fewer than 2,159 working locomotives were taken over by the Deutsche Bundesbahn alone and, for a long time, they formed the backbone of goods traffic operations together with the larger DRG Class 44. They were also used for passenger services.

To protect the engine crew when running in reverse, the front of the tender (a 2'2' T 26) was furnished with a protective shield. On many locomotives the Wagner smoke deflectors were replaced by the Witte model after the war. On 735 of the DB machines the tender was fitted with a conductor's cab, which meant that the volume of the coal bunker had to be reduced.

1452 locomotives were included in the new DB classification scheme. That said, 88 of them were already earmarked for withdrawal. Because the class number now had to consist of 3 figures, the designations 051, 052 and 053 had to be introduced in addition to 050.

As a result, the old Class 50 was divided as shown in the table:

The last DB locomotives were retired from Duisburg-Wedau in 1977.

Only 350 examples of Class 50 engines remained in with the DR in East Germany after the war. Because only a small number of the numerous Class 44 fleet went to East Germany, the DRB Class 52 was the predominant goods train locomotive in many areas there. Of the Class 50s, 208 units were rebuilt into Class 50.35-37 engines. The original locomotives ran mainly in the south. From the middle of the 1970s they were retired in large numbers, so that in the 1980s they were real rarities. Nevertheless, the last ones ended their active duties in 1987 together with the rebuilds (Rekoloks).

Some of the original locomotives are preserved, including 50 622 and 50 849. No. 50 622 is stabled in the Nuremberg Transport Museum, where, on the evening of 17 October 2005, it was badly damaged in the great fire at the locomotive shed. The engine should however be able to be repaired with the aid of donations. No. 50 849 belongs to the Glauchau Railway Society (Eisenbahnverein Glauchau) and has a Wagner smoke deflector.

After the Second World War many examples of Class 50 engines were left in the other European states and some were used until the end of the steam traction era. For example, they were in service with the PKP (55 redesignated PKP class Ty5), the ČSD (28 redesignated class 555.1), the ÖBB and the DSB.

Because the Deutsche Bundesbahn had sufficient goods train locomotives, they could quickly phase out the DRB Class 52 engines, so that the ageing boilers on the Class 50s could be replaced by those of the Class 52s. Even the trough tender of the Kriegslokomotiven was used by the 50s amongst others. In the 1950s, several Class 50 locomotives served as trials engines. Thus 35 machines were given a boiler with mixer preheater and turbo feed pumps. Number 50 1503 was experimentally equipped with a Giesl ejector. In 1959 ten locomotives were given a boiler with smaller grate area in order to try to reduce the consumption of coal.

After experience with Franco-Crosti boilers on Class 52 locomotives (DB Class 42.90), Henschel rebuilt number 50 1412 in 1954 with such a boiler. This included a second preheater boiler underneath the actual locomotive boiler itself. After the smoke gases had flowed through the main boiler, they were turned around and passed through the preheater boiler. They escaped into the atmosphere through a side chimney along with the exhaust steam. The feed water was initially heated in a surface or mixer preheater, then in the preheater boiler before entering the main boiler. In this way the heat energy of the combustion gases could be better utilised and fuel consumption reduced. In 1958, 30 more engines were given Franco-Crosti smoke gas preheaters. These locos were redesignated as 50 4001 to 50 4031. Number 50 4011 was given oil firing. It was deployed in Münsterland and in the Rhineland. The locomotives were retired by 1967.

Adolph Giesl-Gieslingen describes in his book „Anatomie der Dampflokomotive“ that the Sulfuric acid in the smoke condensed in the preheater and attacked the Heat exchanger. The conversion to Diesel and Electric locos led Italy and Germany both to abandon development of the Franco Crosti smoke pre-heater.

No locomotive was preserved.

DR Class 50.35
50 3648-8 in Dresden Altstadt shed
Type and origin Build date 1956ff. Total produced 208
Specifications  • German G 56.15 Gauge 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) Leading dia. 850 mm (33.46 in) Length: ​  • Over beams 22.94 m (75 ft 3 in) Axle load 15.1 t (14.9 long tons; 16.6 short tons) Adhesive weight 77 t (76 long tons; 85 short tons) Service weight 88.2 t (86.8 long tons; 97.2 short tons) Boiler pressure 16 bar (1,600 kPa) Heating surface:  • Firebox 3.71 m2 (39.9 sq ft)  • Evaporative 172.3 m2 (1,855 sq ft) Superheater: ​  • Heating area 65.4 m2 (704 sq ft) Cylinders 2 Cylinder size 600 mm (23.62 in) Piston stroke 660 mm (25.98 in) Valve gear Walschaerts with lifting links Train heating Steam
Performance figures Maximum speed 80 km/h (50 mph) (both directions) Indicated power 1,760 ihp (1,310 kW)
Career Numbers 50 3501–50 3708 Retired 1989

50 3552 in steam as the "Teddybear Express" on the Nidder Valley Railway

A DRG 50 in Ilmenau towing a special train on the Rennsteigbahn

A DRG 50 3552 in Bischofsheim, Hesse

At the end of the 1930s, it was thought that a suitable boiler material had been found, in the form of St 47 K-Mo steel, that would allow boiler pressure to be increased to 20 bar without significantly raising the total weight of the boiler. The newly developed steel had a higher strength than the type of steel (St 34) used hitherto, but its disadvantage was that it had considerably worse conductivity. In the harsh everyday work of steam locomotives the material became very quickly fatigued, so that boilers made of the new steel had to be replaced after only a few years. The Class 50, too, was given such a boiler to begin with. Even though its condition was less critical than with other classes, it urgently needed replacing by the end of the 1950s. As a result, the DR in East Germany had the 50E replacement boiler developed on the basis of the new boilers equipping the Class 23.10 / 50.40, although because the locomotive frames were different it was given a 500 mm longer boiler barrel. This was later used on the rebuilds (the so-called Rekoloks), which saw the conversion of Class 23 engines, as well as conversions of the Class 52s into 52.80s and the Class 58s into 58.30s. Between 1958 and 1962, 208 Class 50 locomotives were given such a boiler, along with a mixer preheater, a larger radiative heating area and improved suction draught, which also raised its performance. Many engines were also equipped with Giesl ejectors. These Reko locomotives were allocated to sub-class 50.35 and given operating numbers 50 3501 to 50 3708. In their last years of operation these engines often ran with the new 2'2' T 28 tenders.

The engines were soon gathered together in the railway divisions of the northwest. After the conversion of engines to oil-fired Class 50.50, the remaining coal-fired ones were concentrated in the Magdeburg division. Replacing older locomotives as well as oil-fired ones, they returned to the Dresden and Schwerin divisions again by the end of the 1970s.

The last regular standard gauge steam train was hauled by a Class 50.35 locomotive. This was number 50 3559, which headed an official farewell service on 29 October 1988 on a round trip from Halberstadt to Magdeburg, Thale and back to Halberstadt. No. 50 3559 is used in Liblar as a restaurant.

There are several Class 50.35 locomotives, several of them still working, belonging to Deutsche Bahn AG and the many museum railways and railway museums, such as numbers 50 3501, 50 3539, 50 3564, 50 3576, 50 3616, 50 3648, 50 3654, 50 3695 and 50 3708.

DR Class 50.40
50 473 in partially restored state.
Type and origin Builder VEB Lokomotivbau Karl Marx, Babelsberg Build date 1956–1960 Total produced 88
Specifications  • German G 56.15 Gauge 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) Leading dia. 850 mm (33.46 in) Coupled dia. 1,400 mm (55.12 in) Length: ​  • Over beams 22.6 m (74 ft 2 in) Axle load 14.2 t (14.0 long tons; 15.7 short tons) Adhesive weight 73.4 t (72.2 long tons; 80.9 short tons) Service weight 85.9 t (84.5 long tons; 94.7 short tons) Tender type 2`2 T 28 Fuel capacity 10 t (9.8 long tons; 11 short tons) coal Water cap. 28,000 L (6,200 imp gal; 7,400 US gal) Boiler pressure 16 bar (1,600 kPa; 230 psi) Heating surface:  • Firebox 3.71 m2 (39.9 sq ft)  • Evaporative 159.6 m2 (1,718 sq ft) Superheater: ​  • Heating area 68.5 m2 (737 sq ft) Cylinders 2 Cylinder size 600 mm (23.62 in) Piston stroke 660 mm (26 in) Valve gear Walschaerts with lifting links Train heating Steam
Performance figures Maximum speed 80 km/h (50 mph) (both directions) Indicated power 1,760 ihp (1,310 kW)
Career Numbers 50 4001–50 4088 Retired 1980

As well as modern passenger train locomotives, the DR in East Germany needed more goods train locomotives with a 15 t axle load. As a result, a parallel development, like those of the pre-war time, was initiated for a passenger train engine, the DR Class 23.10, and a goods train engine, the DR Class 50.40, in order that many of their components could be interchangeable. The running gear conformed broadly to that of the Einheitslok, but a plate frame had to be used, because bar frames could no longer be worked. The boiler was a new build to modern construction standards with a combustion chamber and a mixer preheater. In terms of performance it was roughly comparable to the standard boiler, but was somewhat more economic in its fuel consumption. The locomotives were also given new tenders, the 2'2' T 28. The 88 engines, which were renumbered from 50 4001 to 50 4088, were delivered between 1956 and 1960. Number 50 4088 was therefore the last standard gauge steam engine to be newly built in Germany. They were permanently stationed on the routes over the plains in the northern railway divisions. Because the plate frame soon proved to be the weakest link (with a high repair bill), the locos were taken out of traction service by 1980, but continued to be used as heating engines.

The Bavarian Railway Museum (Bayerische Eisenbahnmuseum) in Nördlingen has acquired the last preserved engine of this type, number 50 4073. It is currently in the Meiningen Steam Locomotive Works at and is awaiting external refurbishment.

Romanian 150 class loco, DRG 50 class as copied by Resita; near Cluj-Napoca, 1972

After the Second World War several Class 50 locomotives were left in eastern Europe, where some of the railway administrations procured more of them. For example, the Romanian State Railway CFR produced 282 copies of Class 50 locomotives between 1947 and 1959. 40 Romanian 150s were supplied to China in 1958, became class DK5 in 1959 and were numbered 241–280. DK5-250 is preserved at the Shenyang Railway Museum. Some were also supplied to the Korean State Railway in North Korea, where they were numbered in the 150 series.

• List of DRG locomotives and railbuses

• Ebel, Jürgen U.; Wenzel, Hansjürgen (2007). Die Baureihe 50, Bd. 1 und 2. Freiburg: EK Verlag. ISBN 978-3-88255-545-5.
• Endisch, Dirk (2007). Baureihen 50.35 und 50.50 - Die kohle- und ölgefeuerten Reko-50er der DR. Leonberg: Verlag Dirk Endisch. ISBN 978-3-936893-44-1.
• Hütter, Ingo (2012). Die Dampflokomotiven der Baureihen 50 bis 53 der DRG, DRB, DB, und DR (in German). Werl: DGEG Medien. pp. 9–154. ISBN 978-3-937189-63-5.
• Rotthowe, Ludwig (2003). "Ein letzter Versuch. Erinnerung an die 50.40 der DB". Lok Magazin. München: GeraNova Zeitschriftenverlag GmbH. 42 (260): 56–63. ISSN 0458-1822.
• Vetter, Klaus-J (2002). Das große Handbuch deutscher Lokomotiven. München: Bruckmann Special. ISBN 3-7654-3764-6.
• Weisbrod, Manfred; Müller, Hans; Petznik, Wolfgang (1978). Dampflokomotiven deutscher Eisenbahnen, Baureihe 41–59 (EFA 1.2) (in German) (3rd ed.). Düsseldorf: Alba. pp. 49–63. ISBN 3-87094-082-4.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to DRB Class 50.

• Photos of a typical original Class 50: 50 1002
• 50 2988