Greater Montreal

Greater Montreal (French: Grand Montréal) is the most populous metropolitan area in Quebec and the second most populous in Canada after Greater Toronto. In 2015, Statistics Canada identified Montreal's Census Metropolitan Area (CMA) as 4,258.31 square kilometres (1,644.14 sq mi) with a population of 4,027,100,[3] almost half that of the province.

For other metropolitan Montreal topics, see Montreal Metro (disambiguation).

Greater Montreal
Grand Montréal (French)
Metropolitan area
CountryCanada
ProvinceQuebec
Area
[1]
 • Total4,739.04 km2 (1,829.75 sq mi)
 • Land4,258.31 km2 (1,644.14 sq mi)
Population
 (2021)[2]
 • Total4,291,732
 • Density1,007.85/km2 (2,610.3/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC−05:00 (EST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−04:00 (EDT)
Postal code prefixes
H, J
Area code(s)438, 450, 514, 579

Greater Montreal shown in light blue, with the City of Montreal proper in dark blue.

A smaller area of 3,838 square kilometres (1,482 sq mi) is governed by the Montreal Metropolitan Community (MMC) (French: Communauté métropolitaine de Montréal, CMM). This level of government is headed by a president (currently Montreal mayor Valérie Plante).

The inner ring is composed of densely populated municipalities located in close proximity to Downtown Montreal. It includes the entire Island of Montreal, Laval, and the Urban Agglomeration of Longueuil. Due to their proximity to Montreal's downtown core, some additional suburbs on the South Shore (Brossard, Saint-Lambert, and Boucherville) are usually included in the inner ring, despite their location on the mainland.

The outer ring is composed of low-density municipalities located on the fringe of Metropolitan Montreal. Most of these cities and towns are semi-rural. Specifically, the term off-island suburbs refers to those suburbs that are located on the North Shore of the Mille-Îles River, those on the South Shore that were never included in the megacity of Longueuil, and those on the Vaudreuil-Soulanges Peninsula.


Largest cities
The largest cities in Greater Montreal[4]
Rank City Region Population (2016) Land Area Population Density
km2 mi2 /km2 /mi2
1 Montreal Montreal 1,704,694 365.13 140.98 4,662.1 12,075
2 Laval Laval 422,993 247.09 95.40 1,710.9 4,431
3 Longueuil Montérégie 239,700 115.59 44.63 2,070.9 5,364
4 Terrebonne Lanaudière 111,575 154.12 59.51 723.9 1,875
5 Brossard Montérégie 85,721 45.20 17.45 1,895.4 4,909
6 Repentigny Lanaudière 84,285 61.79 23.86 1,376.5 3,565
7 Saint-Jérôme Laurentides 74,346 90.52 34.95 822.1 2,129
8 Blainville Laurentides 56,863 55.10 21.27 1,030.9 2,670
9 Mirabel Laurentides 50,513 485.07 187.29 104.1 270
10 Dollard-des-Ormeaux Montreal 48,899 14.97 5.78 3,266.1 8,459

Cities and towns
  • Montreal
    Montreal
  • Laval
    Laval
  • Longueuil
    Longueuil
Logo of the Montreal Metropolitan Community
Greater Montreal Territorial Evolution
Municipalities in the Montreal Census Metropolitan Area (CMA) and the Montreal Metropolitan Community (MMC)
AreaRegional county municipalityMunicipalityIn CMAIn MMC
Urban agglomeration of MontrealBaie-d'UrféGreen tickYGreen tickY
BeaconsfieldGreen tickYGreen tickY
Côte Saint-LucGreen tickYGreen tickY
Dollard-des-OrmeauxGreen tickYGreen tickY
DorvalGreen tickYGreen tickY
HampsteadGreen tickYGreen tickY
KirklandGreen tickYGreen tickY
L'Île-DorvalGreen tickYGreen tickY
Montreal[a 1]Green tickYGreen tickY
Montréal-EstGreen tickYGreen tickY
Montreal WestGreen tickYGreen tickY
Mount RoyalGreen tickYGreen tickY
Pointe-ClaireGreen tickYGreen tickY
Sainte-Anne-de-BellevueGreen tickYGreen tickY
SennevilleGreen tickYGreen tickY
WestmountGreen tickYGreen tickY
LavalGreen tickYGreen tickY
Urban agglomeration of LongueuilBouchervilleGreen tickYGreen tickY
BrossardGreen tickYGreen tickY
Longueuil[a 2]Green tickYGreen tickY
Saint-LambertGreen tickYGreen tickY
Saint-Bruno-de-MontarvilleGreen tickYGreen tickY
Laurentides Deux-Montagnes[b 1]Deux-MontagnesGreen tickYGreen tickY
OkaGreen tickYGreen tickY
Pointe-CalumetGreen tickYGreen tickY
Saint-EustacheGreen tickYGreen tickY
Saint-Joseph-du-LacGreen tickYGreen tickY
Sainte-Marthe-sur-le-LacGreen tickYGreen tickY
Saint-PlacideGreen tickYRed XN
Thérèse-De BlainvilleBlainvilleGreen tickYGreen tickY
Bois-des-FilionGreen tickYGreen tickY
BoisbriandGreen tickYGreen tickY
LorraineGreen tickYGreen tickY
RosemèreGreen tickYGreen tickY
Sainte-Anne-des-PlainesGreen tickYGreen tickY
Sainte-ThérèseGreen tickYGreen tickY
[d 1]MirabelGreen tickYGreen tickY
ArgenteuilGoreGreen tickYRed XN
La Rivière-du-NordSaint-ColombanGreen tickYRed XN
Saint-Jérôme[c 1]Green tickYRed XN
Lanaudière L'Assomption[b 1]CharlemagneGreen tickYGreen tickY
L'AssomptionGreen tickYGreen tickY
L'ÉpiphanieGreen tickYRed XN
RepentignyGreen tickYGreen tickY
Saint-SulpiceGreen tickYGreen tickY
Les MoulinsMascoucheGreen tickYGreen tickY
TerrebonneGreen tickYGreen tickY
D'AutrayLavaltrieGreen tickYRed XN
Montcalm[b 2]Saint-Lin–LaurentidesGreen tickYRed XN
MontérégieBeauharnois-Salaberry[b 1]BeauharnoisGreen tickYGreen tickY
La Vallée-du-Richelieu[b 1]BeloeilGreen tickYGreen tickY
CarignanGreen tickYGreen tickY
ChamblyGreen tickYGreen tickY
McMastervilleGreen tickYGreen tickY
Mont-Saint-HilaireGreen tickYGreen tickY
Otterburn ParkGreen tickYGreen tickY
Saint-Basile-le-GrandGreen tickYGreen tickY
Saint-Jean-BaptisteRed XNGreen tickY
Saint-Mathieu-de-BeloeilGreen tickYGreen tickY
Marguerite-D'YouvilleCalixa-LavalléeRed XNGreen tickY
ContrecœurRed XNGreen tickY
Saint-AmableGreen tickYGreen tickY
Sainte-JulieGreen tickYGreen tickY
VarennesGreen tickYGreen tickY
VerchèresGreen tickYGreen tickY
RoussillonCandiacGreen tickYGreen tickY
ChâteauguayGreen tickYGreen tickY
DelsonGreen tickYGreen tickY
La PrairieGreen tickYGreen tickY
LéryGreen tickYGreen tickY
MercierGreen tickYGreen tickY
Sainte-CatherineGreen tickYGreen tickY
Saint-ConstantGreen tickYGreen tickY
Saint-IsidoreGreen tickYGreen tickY
Saint-MathieuGreen tickYGreen tickY
Saint-PhilippeGreen tickYGreen tickY
Rouville[b 1]RichelieuGreen tickYGreen tickY
Saint-Mathias-sur-RichelieuGreen tickYGreen tickY
Vaudreuil-Soulanges[b 1]Coteau-du-LacGreen tickYRed XN
HudsonGreen tickYGreen tickY
Les CèdresGreen tickYGreen tickY
Les CoteauxGreen tickYRed XN
L'Île-CadieuxGreen tickYGreen tickY
L'Île-PerrotGreen tickYGreen tickY
Notre-Dame-de-l'Île-PerrotGreen tickYGreen tickY
PincourtGreen tickYGreen tickY
Pointe-des-CascadesGreen tickYGreen tickY
Saint-LazareGreen tickYGreen tickY
Saint-ZotiqueGreen tickYRed XN
Terrasse-VaudreuilGreen tickYGreen tickY
Vaudreuil-DorionGreen tickYGreen tickY
Vaudreuil-sur-le-LacGreen tickYGreen tickY
Le Haut-Richelieu[b 2]Saint-Jean-sur-RichelieuGreen tickYRed XN
  1. subdivided into nineteen boroughs
  2. subdivided into the boroughs of Le Vieux-Longueuil, Saint-Hubert and Greenfield Park.

Only a portion of the municipalities and MRC's located in geographical entities highlighted in light gray are part of the CMM/CMA.
There are 82 municipalities that are part of the MMC and 91 municipalities that are part of the CMA.
There are 79 municipalities that overlap between the two, with 3 municipalities being part of the MMC but not the CMA, and 12 municipalities being part of the CMA but not the MMC.[5][6]
Kanesatake and Kahnawake are not included in the previous counts.

Demographics
Main article: Demographics of Montreal
Historical populations
YearPop.±%
1871174,090—    
1881223,512+28.4%
1891308,169+37.9%
1901393,665+27.7%
1911594,812+51.1%
1921774,330+30.2%
19311,064,448+37.5%
19411,192,235+12.0%
19511,539,308+29.1%
19561,745,001+13.4%
19612,110,679+21.0%
19662,570,985+21.8%
19712,743,208+6.7%
19762,802,485+2.2%
19812,862,286+2.1%
19862,921,357+2.1%
19913,208,970+9.8%
19963,326,510+3.7%
20013,426,350+3.0%
20063,635,571+6.1%
20113,824,221+5.2%
20164,098,927+7.2%
20214,291,732+4.7%
[7]

Ethnicity
Panethnic groups in Metro Montreal (2001−2021)
Panethnic
group		 2021[8][9] 2016[10] 2011[11] 2006[12] 2001[13]
Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. %
European[lower-alpha 1] 3,059,895 72.74% 3,070,210 76.57% 2,963,860 78.98% 2,980,280 83.05% 2,911,230 86.11%
African 340,140 8.09% 270,940 6.76% 216,310 5.76% 169,065 4.71% 139,305 4.12%
Middle Eastern[lower-alpha 2] 285,615 6.79% 220,055 5.49% 172,345 4.59% 113,405 3.16% 79,410 2.35%
Latin American 137,850 3.28% 110,195 2.75% 98,010 2.61% 75,400 2.1% 53,155 1.57%
South Asian 121,260 2.88% 85,925 2.14% 79,540 2.12% 70,615 1.97% 57,935 1.71%
East Asian[lower-alpha 3] 116,820 2.78% 100,265 2.5% 83,420 2.22% 79,665 2.22% 58,165 1.72%
Southeast Asian[lower-alpha 4] 101,560 2.41% 88,755 2.21% 89,645 2.39% 68,475 1.91% 57,460 1.7%
Indigenous 46,085 1.1% 34,745 0.87% 26,285 0.7% 17,865 0.5% 11,085 0.33%
Other[lower-alpha 5] 40,565 0.96% 28,710 0.72% 23,060 0.61% 13,755 0.38% 12,900 0.38%
Total responses 4,206,455 98.01% 4,009,795 97.83% 3,752,470 98.12% 3,588,520 98.71% 3,380,645 98.67%
Total population 4,291,732 100% 4,098,927 100% 3,824,221 100% 3,635,571 100% 3,426,350 100%
  • Note: Totals greater than 100% due to multiple origin responses.


Language
Mother tongue (2011)[14]
Language Greater Montreal Quebec Canada
French 65.9% 79.1% 21.4%
English 13.2% 8.9% 58.1%
Arabic 4.5% 2.1% 1.1%
Spanish 3.2% 1.8% 1.3%
Italian 2.7% 1.6% 1.3%
Creole 1.5% 0.8% 0.2%
Mandarin 1.0% 0.1% 1.8%
Greek 1.0% 0.5% 0.4%
Romanian 0.8% 0.4% 0.3%
Portuguese 0.8% 0.5% 0.7%
Russian 0.7% 0.3% 0.5%
Vietnamese 0.7% 0.4% 0.5%
Persian (Farsi) 0.6% 0.3% 0.5%
Cantonese 0.6% 0.1% 1.7%
Tagalog (Filipino) 0.5% 0.2% 1.2%
Armenian 0.4% 0.2% 0.1%
Tamil 0.4% 0.2% 0.4%
Punjabi (Panjabi) 0.3% 0.2% 1.4%
Polish 0.3% 0.2% 0.6%
Bengali 0.3% 0.1% 0.2%
German 0.3% 0.2% 1.3%
Urdu 0.3% 0.1% 0.6%
Yiddish 0.2% 0.1% <0.1%
Cambodian (Khmer) 0.2% 0.1% <0.1%
Turkish 0.2% 0.1% 0.1%
Gujarati 0.2% 0.1% 0.3%
Hungarian 0.2% 0.1% 0.2%
Bulgarian 0.2% 0.1% 0.1%
Berber (Kabyle) 0.2% 0.1% <0.1%
Unspecified Chinese <0.1% 0.1% 0.1%

Transportation
Main article: Exo (public transit)

Exo operates the region's commuter rail and metropolitan bus services, and is the second busiest such system in Canada after Toronto's GO Transit. Established in June 2007, Exo's commuter rail system has six lines linking the downtown core with communities as far west as Hudson, as Far south as Mont-Saint-Hilaire, as far east as Mascouche, and as far north as Saint-Jérôme.

Along with Exo, a sister agency, the Autorité régionale de transport métropolitain (ARTM) plans, integrates, and coordinates public transport across Greater Montreal, including the Island of Montreal, Laval (Île Jésus), and communities along both the north shore of the Rivière des Mille-Îles and the south shore of the Saint Lawrence River. The ARTM's mandate also includes the management of reserved High-occupancy vehicle lanes, metropolitan bus terminuses, park-and-ride lots, and a budget of $163 million, which is shared amongst the transit corporations and inter-municipal public transit organizations.

The Exo/ARTM's territory spans 63 municipalities and one native reserve, 13 regional county municipalities, and 21 transit authorities. It serves a population of approximately 3.7 million people who make more than 750,000 trips daily.

The major transit commissions under the ARTM are:

Education
Postsecondary educational institutions in the Greater Montreal Area
UniversitiesCEGEPs and other collegesOther schools

(In Montreal, except where otherwise noted.)

See also

Notes
Group 1
  1. Only a portion of municipalities in the MRC are included in the MMC.
  2. Only a portion of municipalities in the MRC are included in the CMA.
Group 2
  1. classified as an equivalent territory
Group 3
  1. in area served by the Réseau de transport métropolitain

Notes
  1. 2001-2016: Statistic includes all persons that did not make up part of a visible minority or an indigenous identity.

    2021: Statistic includes all persons belonging to the non-indigenous and non-visible minority “White” population group.
  2. Statistic includes total responses of "West Asian" and "Arab" under visible minority section on census.
  3. Statistic includes total responses of "Chinese", "Korean", and "Japanese" under visible minority section on census.
  4. Statistic includes total responses of "Filipino" and "Southeast Asian" under visible minority section on census.
  5. Statistic includes total responses of "Visible minority, n.i.e." and "Multiple visible minorities" under visible minority section on census.

References
  1. "Census Profile - Montreal Census Metropolitan Area". Canada 2011 Census. Statistics Canada. 8 February 2012. Archived from the original on 15 January 2016. Retrieved 9 February 2012.
  2. "Population and dwelling counts, for census metropolitan areas, 2016 and 2011 censuses – 100% data". Statistics Canada. Government of Canada. 8 February 2017. Archived from the original on 11 February 2017. Retrieved 14 February 2017.
  3. "Grand Montréal: maintenant 4 millions de personnes". journalmetro.com. 12 February 2015. Archived from the original on 20 October 2017. Retrieved 30 April 2018.
  4. "Population and Dwelling Count Highlight Tables, 2016 Census". 8 February 2017.
  5. "Communauté métropolitaine de Montréal" (PDF).
  6. "La CMM et les MRC périmétropolitaines" (PDF).
  7. "Évolution de la population de Montréal, 1660 à nos jours". Ville de Montréal. Archived from the original on 11 November 2012. Retrieved 19 November 2013.
  8. Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (21 September 2022). "Indigenous identity by Registered or Treaty Indian status: Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations with parts". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 10 January 2023.
  9. Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (26 October 2022). "Visible minority and population group by generation status: Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations with parts". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 10 January 2023.
  10. Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (27 October 2021). "Census Profile, 2016 Census". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 10 January 2023.
  11. Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (27 November 2015). "NHS Profile". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 10 January 2023.
  12. Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (20 August 2019). "2006 Community Profiles". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 10 January 2023.
  13. Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2 July 2019). "2001 Community Profiles". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 10 January 2023.
  14. "Montréal, CMA, Quebec". Canada 2011 Census. Statistics Canada. 4 August 2017. Retrieved 11 December 2019.

45.56°N 73.66°W / 45.56; -73.66

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