Cold Lake, Alberta

Cold Lake is a city in east-central Alberta, Canada and is named after the lake nearby. Canadian Forces Base Cold Lake (CFB Cold Lake) is situated within the city's outer limits.

For the Canadian Forces Base, see CFB Cold Lake.
Cold Lake
City
City of Cold Lake
Kinosoo Beach
Kinosoo Beach
Official seal of Cold Lake
Logo
Cold Lake is located in Alberta
Cold Lake
Cold Lake
Cold Lake is located in Canada
Cold Lake
Cold Lake
Cold Lake is located in MD of Bonnyville
Cold Lake
Cold Lake
Coordinates: 54°27′N 110°10′W
CountryCanada
ProvinceAlberta
RegionNorthern Alberta
Planning regionLower Athabasca
Municipal districtMunicipal District of Bonnyville No. 87
Incorporated[1] 
 • VillageDecember 31, 1953
 • TownJuly 2, 1955
 • CityOctober 1, 2000
Amalgamated[1]October 1, 1996
Government
[2]
 • MayorCraig Copeland
 • Governing body
Cold Lake City Council
  • Bob Buckle
  • Jurgen Grau
  • Duane Lay
  • Victoria Lefebvre
  • Kirk Soroka
  • Chris Vining
 • CAOKevin Nagoya
 • MPLaila Goodridge
 • MLAScott Cyr
Area
 (2021)[3]
 • Land66.61 km2 (25.72 sq mi)
Elevation
[4]
540 m (1,770 ft)
Population
 (2021)[3]
 • Total15,661
 • Density235.1/km2 (609/sq mi)
 • Municipal census (2022)
16,302[5]
Time zoneUTC−07:00 (MST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−06:00 (MDT)
Postal code span
T9M
Area code(s)780, 587, 825, 368
HighwaysHighway 28
Highway 55
WaterwaysBeaver River
Cold Lake
Websitecoldlake.com

History

Cold Lake was first recorded on a 1790 map, by the name of Coldwater Lake.[6] Originally three communities, Cold Lake was formed by merging the Town of Grand Centre, the Town of Cold Lake, and Medley (CFB Cold Lake) on October 1, 1996. Grand Centre was renamed Cold Lake South, and the original Cold Lake is known as Cold Lake North. Because of its origins, the area is also known as the Tri-Town.

Geography

The city is situated in Alberta's "Lakeland" district, 300 km (190 mi) northeast of Edmonton, near the Alberta-Saskatchewan provincial border. The area surrounding the city is sparsely populated, and consists mostly of farmland.

Climate

Cold Lake's climate is humid continental (Köppen climate classification Dfb). Summers are generally warm with cool nights, and winters are very cold with moderate snowfall.

Climate data for Cold Lake Regional Airport
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high humidex 10.6 12.1 17.1 28.7 33.8 38.0 43.2 39.0 32.7 27.7 18.3 10.0 43.2
Record high °C (°F) 10.6
(51.1)		 14.1
(57.4)		 17.9
(64.2)		 29.4
(84.9)		 32.5
(90.5)		 36.3
(97.3)		 36.1
(97.0)		 36.1
(97.0)		 32.8
(91.0)		 27.4
(81.3)		 18.9
(66.0)		 10.1
(50.2)		 36.3
(97.3)
Average high °C (°F) −9.9
(14.2)		 −6.3
(20.7)		 0.5
(32.9)		 9.4
(48.9)		 17.1
(62.8)		 21.0
(69.8)		 23.6
(74.5)		 22.5
(72.5)		 16.9
(62.4)		 8.4
(47.1)		 −1.9
(28.6)		 −8.7
(16.3)		 7.7
(45.9)
Daily mean °C (°F) −14.8
(5.4)		 −11.8
(10.8)		 −5.1
(22.8)		 3.6
(38.5)		 10.6
(51.1)		 15.1
(59.2)		 17.7
(63.9)		 16.4
(61.5)		 10.9
(51.6)		 3.6
(38.5)		 −5.9
(21.4)		 −13.1
(8.4)		 2.3
(36.1)
Average low °C (°F) −19.6
(−3.3)		 −17.3
(0.9)		 −10.7
(12.7)		 −2.2
(28.0)		 4.1
(39.4)		 9.2
(48.6)		 11.8
(53.2)		 10.3
(50.5)		 4.9
(40.8)		 −1.3
(29.7)		 −9.8
(14.4)		 −17.4
(0.7)		 −3.2
(26.2)
Record low °C (°F) −48.3
(−54.9)		 −42.8
(−45.0)		 −41.1
(−42.0)		 −34.4
(−29.9)		 −9.9
(14.2)		 −3.3
(26.1)		 0.0
(32.0)		 −1.5
(29.3)		 −9.4
(15.1)		 −23.5
(−10.3)		 −36.7
(−34.1)		 −44.4
(−47.9)		 −48.3
(−54.9)
Record low wind chill −53.3 −55.4 −49.3 −37.2 −14.7 −6.7 0.0 −6.0 −14.9 −29.0 −48.5 −52.6 −55.4
Average precipitation mm (inches) 16.1
(0.63)		 10.8
(0.43)		 17.4
(0.69)		 31.3
(1.23)		 40.9
(1.61)		 73.2
(2.88)		 78.6
(3.09)		 56.6
(2.23)		 38.9
(1.53)		 19.6
(0.77)		 19.4
(0.76)		 18.4
(0.72)		 421.0
(16.57)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 0.3
(0.01)		 0.2
(0.01)		 2.7
(0.11)		 18.4
(0.72)		 37.4
(1.47)		 73.2
(2.88)		 78.6
(3.09)		 56.4
(2.22)		 38.5
(1.52)		 11.3
(0.44)		 1.6
(0.06)		 0.8
(0.03)		 319.2
(12.57)
Average snowfall cm (inches) 22.5
(8.9)		 15.2
(6.0)		 17.7
(7.0)		 13.9
(5.5)		 3.4
(1.3)		 0.0
(0.0)		 0.0
(0.0)		 0.1
(0.0)		 0.4
(0.2)		 7.9
(3.1)		 23.4
(9.2)		 24.0
(9.4)		 128.6
(50.6)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm) 9.9 7.2 7.4 7.9 9.9 12.6 13.5 11.6 9.9 8.6 9.2 10.0 117.6
Average rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm) 0.5 0.2 1.0 5.2 9.4 12.6 13.5 11.6 9.7 5.7 1.4 0.6 71.4
Average snowy days (≥ 0.2 cm) 10.6 8.4 7.3 3.9 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 4.2 9.4 10.8 56.0
Average relative humidity (%) 69.4 62.6 54.9 44.2 41.8 47.8 52.6 51.0 51.9 54.9 70.4 74.2 56.3
Mean monthly sunshine hours 87.1 118.2 172.3 221.6 260.0 265.2 283.0 279.9 176.9 140.9 82.2 68.3 2,155.5
Percent possible sunshine 35.4 43.1 47.0 52.6 52.3 51.6 54.9 60.6 46.2 43.1 32.1 29.7 45.7
Source: [7]

Demographics
Federal census
population history
(post-amalgamation)
YearPop.±%
199611,791—    
200111,520−2.3%
200611,991+4.1%
201113,839+15.4%
201614,961+8.1%
Source: Statistics Canada
[8][9][10][11]
Note: The 1996 population is the adjusted population of the amalgamated City of Cold Lake formed on October 1, 1996.
Federal census
population history
(pre-amalgamation)
YearPop.±%
1941302—    
1951414+37.1%
19561,097+165.0%
19611,307+19.1%
19661,289−1.4%
19711,309+1.6%
19761,317+0.6%
19812,110+60.2%
19863,195+51.4%
19913,878+21.4%
19964,089+5.4%
20014,676+14.4%
20065,560+18.9%
20116,455+16.1%
20167,121+10.3%
Source: Statistics Canada
[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]
Note: The 2001 population is of the former Town of Cold Lake that amalgamated with the Town of Grand Centre and Medley (CFB 4 Wing) on October 1, 1996.

The population of the City of Cold Lake according to its 2022 municipal census is 16,302,[5] a change of 3.6% from its 2014 municipal census population of 15.736.[24]

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the City of Cold Lake had a population of 15,661 living in 6,114 of its 6,767 total private dwellings, a change of 4.6% from its 2016 population of 14,976. With a land area of 66.61 km2 (25.72 sq mi), it had a population density of 235.1/km2 (608.9/sq mi) in 2021.[3]

In the 2016 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the City of Cold Lake had a population of 14,961 living in 5,597 of its 6,657 total private dwellings, a change of 8.1% from its 2011 population of 13,839. With a land area of 59.92 km2 (23.14 sq mi), it had a population density of 249.7/km2 (646.7/sq mi) in 2016.[11]

About 8.7% of residents identified themselves as aboriginal at the time of the 2006 census.[25]

Almost 89% of residents identified English and more than 7% identified French as their first language. Almost 1% identified German, 0.5% identified Chinese, 0.4% each identified Dutch and Ukrainian, and 0.3% each identified Cree and Arabic as their first language learned.[26]

About 82 percent of residents identified as Christian at the time of the 2001 census, while more than 17 percent indicated they had no religious affiliation. For specific denominations Statistics Canada found that 40% of residents identified as Roman Catholic, 14% identified with the United Church of Canada, 5.5% identified as Anglican, 3% as Baptist, 2.5% as Lutheran, and 2% as Pentecostal.[27]

Economy

The city's economy is inextricably linked to military spending at CFB Cold Lake. The region also supports oil and gas exploration and production. The Athabasca Oil Sands project in Fort McMurray is having a growing influence in the region as well. The Cold Lake oil sands may become a significant contributor to the local economy.

Every year Cold Lake hosts military forces from around the world for Exercise Maple Flag, a training exercise where pilots and support staff of NATO allies can take advantage of the Air Weapons Range and relatively open rural air space. Running from 4 to 6 weeks and starting in May of each year, commercial accommodations in the entire region are left with little to no vacancy. This annual exercise contributes a substantial amount of capital into these industries and other hospitality-related businesses.


Sports
Cold Lake Curling Club School, 1955

Cold Lake has a variety of sports, including:

  • Hockey (Home to the Cold Lake Ice, Junior B Team) & (Home to the Cold Lake Freeze, Minor Hockey Teams)
  • Lacrosse (Home to the Cold Lake Heat, Minor Lacrosse Teams)[28]
  • Volleyball (Assumption and CLHS Royals)
  • Football (CLHS Royals)
  • Basketball (Assumption and CLHS Royals)
  • Soccer (Indoor and outdoor-Cold Lake Minor Soccer[29])
  • Baseball
  • Rugby (Assumption Crusader's and CLHS Royals combined team and Cold Lake Penguins Men's RFC)
  • Hapkido
  • Tae Kwon Do (unified taekwondo, and occasionally International Taekwon-Do Federation or World Taekwondo Federation)
  • Figure Skating (Cold Lake Figure Skating Club)[30]
  • Figure Skating (Norlight Skating Club)
  • Downhill Skiing (Kinosoo Ridge Snow Resort)[31]
  • Dancing (Pirouette School of Dance with award-winning dance team, Fame Dance (Located at the Energy Centre)[32]
  • Mixed Martial Arts (Team Sparta)
  • Roller Derby (Lakeland Ladykillers Roller Derby League)
  • Swimming (Cold Lake Marlins Swim Club)[33]
  • Powerlifting (Cold Lake Bar Benders)
  • Gymnastics (Lakeland Gymnastics Club)
  • Disc Golf
  • Pickleball
  • Bowling (Marina Bowling Centre)

Government

Mayors:

  • Craig Copeland, 2007–present
  • Allan Buck, 2004–2007
  • Hansa Thaleshvar, 1998–2004
  • Raymond Coates, 1996–1998

The last local election was held in October 2021. As of 2021, the councillors of Cold Lake are Bob Mattice, Chris Vining, Vicky Lefebvre, Adele Richardson, Ryan Bailey, and Bill Parker.

At the provincial level, the city is in the district of Bonnyville-Cold Lake-St. Paul. Its current representative is Scott Cyr, from the United Conservative Party.

At the federal level, the city is in the district of Fort McMurray—Cold Lake. Its current representative is Laila Goodridge, from the Conservative Party of Canada.

Education

Portage College operates a campus at Cold Lake. Program offerings include academic upgrading, accounting, community social works, nursing, power engineering and university studies among others.[34]

Lakeland Catholic School District No. 150 and Northern Lights School Division No. 69 operate public schools within Cold Lake.[35][36] Cold Lake also hosts a Francophone school named École Voyageur that offers French programming for kindergarten through grade 12, as well as the Cold Lake Cadet Summer Training Centre.

Lakeland Catholic School District No. 150
  • Holy Cross Elementary School (offering kindergarten through grade 6 programming)[37]
  • École St. Dominic School (offering pre-kindergarten through grade 6 English and French programming)[38]
  • Assumption Junior/Senior High School (offering grade 7 through grade 12 English and French programming)[39]
Northern Lights School Division No. 69
  • Cold Lake Elementary School (offering pre-kindergarten through grade 4 programming)[40]
  • Ecole North Star Elementary School (offering kindergarten through grade 3 English and French programming)[41]
  • Nelson Heights School (offering grade 5 through grade 8 programming)[42]
  • Cold Lake Middle School (offering grade 4 through grade 8)[43]
  • Cold Lake High School (offering grade 9 through grade 12 programming)[44]
  • Bridges Outreach School (offering grade 8 and grade 9 programming)[45]
  • Cold Lake Outreach School (offering grade 10 through grade 12 programming)[46]

Recreation

Cold Lake is situated near many campgrounds due to its proximity to the lake. The M.D. campground has powered sites, shower facilities with flush toilets, and a covered camp picnic area. The Cold Lake Provincial Park has many sites, and is more secluded than the M.D. site (which is surrounded by development). The Provincial campground boasts a wilderness trail system, a beach, boat launch and a powered section. Nearby Meadow Lake Provincial Park to the east, across the border in Saskatchewan, has facilities similar to Cold Lake Provincial Park.

Kinosoo Beach in Cold Lake, Alberta

Kinosoo Beach is a favorite destination during the hot summer months between June and August.

The Iron Horse Trail, a recreational trail situated on a former railway line (see rail trail) has its easternmost terminus in Cold Lake.

Recreational pastimes include, among others:

  • Hockey[47]
  • Box Lacrosse[48]
  • Geocaching
  • Martial Arts
  • Rugby
  • Soccer
  • Swimming
  • Bowling
  • Curling
  • Gymnastics
  • Golf
  • Horseback Riding
  • 4H (in Cherry Grove)
  • Rodeo (Cold Lake Ag Society)
  • Dance
  • Sailing[49]
  • Boating
  • Fishing
  • Downhill Skiing[31]
  • Roller Derby[50]

Museums

Air Force Museum
Height Finder Radar on Display in the 42 Radar Squadron exhibit
Main article: Cold Lake Air Force Museum

The Air Force Museum preserves and exhibits the history of CFB Cold Lake and of 42 Radar Squadron. 42 Radar was on this site from 1954 to 1992, so Cold War era technology is mostly on display in their exhibit. An example of this is the General Electric Height Finder Radar on display.

The Museum has much 4 Wing history on display. The current 4 Wing standing squadrons such as 409 Squadron, 410 Squadron, 419 Squadron, 1 Air Maintenance Squadron, Aerospace Engineering Test Establishment and others are displayed in the Museum. There are a few exhibits of purely historic nature, such as displays on 441 and 416, Squadrons which stood down in 2006 to be amalgamated into 409 Squadron.

The Museum also has four aircraft on display outside, including the CF-5 Freedom Fighter, CT-133 Silver Star, the CT-114 Tutor and the CT-134 Musketeer. The newest addition to the air park is a CF-188 Decoy.[51]

Oil and Gas Museum

This exhibit was designed, researched and constructed by Grand Centre High School students. This museum explains the history of Oil and gas in the Cold Lake area from Paleolithic times to the present.

Heritage Museum

The Heritage Museum exhibits a time line of life in Cold Lake, both domestic and commercial. The museum also boasts some impressive murals.

Aboriginal Museum

The Aboriginal Museum displays the history of the Dene, Cree and Metis peoples in time lines, maps, crafts and cultural displays. There are also bears on display.

Notable people

References
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  2. "Municipal Officials Search". Alberta Municipal Affairs. May 9, 2019. Retrieved October 1, 2021.
  3. "Population and dwelling counts: Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities)". Statistics Canada. February 9, 2022. Retrieved February 9, 2022.
  4. "Alberta Private Sewage Systems 2009 Standard of Practice Handbook: Appendix A.3 Alberta Design Data (A.3.A. Alberta Climate Design Data by Town)" (PDF) (PDF). Safety Codes Council. January 2012. pp. 212–215 (PDF pages 226–229). Archived from the original (PDF) on October 16, 2013. Retrieved October 8, 2013.
  5. "City of Cold Lake Municipal Census 2022 Report" (PDF). City of Cold Lake. Retrieved September 15, 2022.
  6. Sanders, Harry (2003). The Story Behind Alberta Names How Cities, Towns, Villages and Hamlets Got their Names. Red Deer Press. p. 92. ISBN 978-0-88995-256-0.
  7. "Canadian Climate Normals 1991-2020 Station Data - Climate - Environment Canada". Environment Canada. 18 September 2023. Retrieved October 11, 2023.
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  9. "Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), 2006 and 2001 censuses - 100% data (Alberta)". Statistics Canada. 2010-01-06. Retrieved 2012-04-02.
  10. "Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), 2011 and 2006 censuses". Statistics Canada. 2012-02-08. Retrieved 2012-02-08.
  11. "Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), 2016 and 2011 censuses – 100% data (Alberta)". Statistics Canada. February 8, 2017. Retrieved February 8, 2017.
  12. Ninth Census of Canada, 1951. Vol. SP-7, Population: Unincorporated villages and hamlets. Dominion Bureau of Statistics. pp. 55–57.
  13. "Table 6: Population by sex, for census subdivisions, 1956 and 1951". Census of Canada, 1956. Vol. Population, Counties and Subdivisions. Ottawa: Dominion Bureau of Statistics. 1957. p. 6.50–6.53.
  14. "Table 6: Population by census subdivisions, 1901–1961". 1961 Census of Canada. Series 1.1: Historical, 1901–1961. Vol. I: Population. Ottawa: Dominion Bureau of Statistics. 1963. p. 6.77-6.83.
  15. "Population by specified age groups and sex, for census subdivisions, 1966". Census of Canada, 1966. Vol. Population, Specified Age Groups and Sex for Counties and Census Subdivisions, 1966. Ottawa: Dominion Bureau of Statistics. 1968. p. 6.50–6.53.
  16. "Table 2: Population of Census Subdivisions, 1921–1971". 1971 Census of Canada. Vol. I: Population, Census Subdivisions (Historical). Ottawa: Statistics Canada. 1973. p. 2.102-2.111.
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  28. Lakeland Lacrosse Lakeland Lacrosse
  29. Jesse Nesvold (2017-02-25). "CLMSA". CLMSA. Retrieved 2017-04-30.
  30. "Cold Lake Figure Skating Club (CLFSC)". Cold Lake Figure Skating Club.
  31. Kinosoo Ridge Snow Resort Archived 2007-09-29 at the Wayback Machine
  32. "Pirouette School of Dance". Pirouette School of Dance. Archived from the original on 2011-07-06. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
  33. "502 Bad Gateway". www.marlinsswim.com.
  34. "Cold Lake Campus". Portage College. Archived from the original on June 22, 2013. Retrieved July 2, 2014.
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  36. "Welcome". Northern Lights School Division No. 69. Retrieved 2012-08-29.
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  40. "Cold Lake Elementary: Staff Directory". Northern Lights School Division No. 69. Retrieved 2012-08-29.
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  42. "Nelson Heights School: Programs". Northern Lights School Division No. 69. Retrieved 2012-08-29.
  43. "Cold Lake Middle School: Programs". Northern Lights School Division No. 69. Retrieved 2012-08-29.
  44. "Cold Lake High School: Programs". Northern Lights School Division No. 69. Retrieved 2012-08-29.
  45. "Bridges Outreach School: Programs". Northern Lights School Division No. 69. Archived from the original on 2015-06-04. Retrieved 2012-08-29.
  46. "Cold Lake Outreach School: Programs". Northern Lights School Division No. 69. Archived from the original on 2013-01-15. Retrieved 2012-08-29.
  47. "Home". Cold Lake Minor Hockey Association. Archived from the original on 2019-04-02. Retrieved 2019-04-01.
  48. "Lakeland Lacrosse Association : Website by RAMP InterActive". www.lakelandlacrosse.ca.
  49. "Cold Lake Sailing Club". Archived from the original on 2009-03-02. Retrieved 2010-01-20.
  50. "Lakeland Ladykillers Roller Derby League". Lakeland Ladykillers Roller Derby League.
  51. James Knaus Curator Cold Lake Air force Museum
  52. "René Richard: Cold Laker, Québécois, and the Tom Thomson of the North – Respect". Retrieved 2023-03-22.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Cold Lake.
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