Helms Athletic Foundation

Helms Athletic Foundation
Abbreviation	HAF
Successor	LA84 Foundation
Formation	1936
Founders	Paul H. Helms; Willrich R. (Bill) Schroeder;
Purpose	Athletics, Sportsmanship
Headquarters	Los Angeles

The Helms Athletic Foundation, founded in 1936, was a Los Angeles-based organization dedicated to the promotion of athletics and sportsmanship.[1] Paul H. Helms was the organization's founder and benefactor,[2] funding the foundation via his ownership of Helms Bakery.[3] Bill Schroeder founded the organization with Helms and served as its managing director.[4][5] The men were united in a love of amateur athletic competition.[6]

The organization became well known for presenting awards and trophies for local, national, and international competition, naming the Southern California Player of the Month and Year, national championships in college basketball and college football, Rose Bowl Player of the Game, Coach of the Year, Pacific Coast football player of the year, and other such awards for athletic achievement. Schroeder selected the organization's national champion teams.[7] The organization dedicated Helms Hall in 1948, which housed a museum for sporting artifacts as well as the Helms Hall of Fame.

Following the death of Paul Helms in 1957 and the eventual closure of Helms Bakery in 1969, Schroeder sought new benefactors. The organization continued under a series of new sponsors as the United Savings–Helms Athletic Foundation, Citizens Savings Athletic Foundation, and First Interstate Bank Athletic Foundation. Schroeder died in 1987. Under the direction of Peter Ueberroth the Helms Athletic Foundation collection, library, and archives were absorbed into the Amateur Athletic Foundation of Los Angeles, later renamed the LA84 Foundation.

History

Founding

Schroeder brought to the partnership a large personal collection of sports memorabilia.[5] He sought a corporate sponsor to finance a hall of fame to house his collection and to present awards to local athletes.[5][6]

The idea was taken seriously by Paul Helms, who was himself invested in athletics both personally and professionally.[6][1] The bakery with which he made his fortune was a sponsor of the 1932 Los Angeles Olympics,[1] and "Helms Olympic Bread" continued to be associated with the competition. The organization was originally known as the Helms Olympic Athletic Foundation.

In 1936, with Helms' backing, Schroeder set to work from a rented office in downtown Los Angeles.[6] As the organization's only employee, he issued frequent announcements of the selections he made for the Helms Athletic Foundation's various and numerous awards.[8]

Helms Hall

The organization dedicated Helms Hall in 1948.[8] The purpose-built building adjacent to Helms Bakery near Culver City housed a museum for the sports artifacts originally collected by Schroeder, as well as the Helms Hall of Fame.[6]

Schroeder selected the organization's national champion teams and made All-America team selections in a number of college sports, including football and basketball.[7] The Helms Foundation also operated a hall of fame for both college basketball and college football. Besides collegiate athletics, the organization operated halls of fame for professional football, Major League Baseball, the Pacific Coast League, basketball, fencing, golf, tennis, swimming, auto racing, track and field,[9] and soaring.[10]

Later years

After Paul Helms' death in 1957, his family continued supporting the organization until 1969, when the bakeries went out of business.[11][4] Schroeder found a new benefactor in United Savings & Loan,[11] and the organization's name became United Savings–Helms Athletic Foundation.[12][13] United merged with Citizens Savings & Loan in 1973, when the organization became the Citizens Savings Athletic Foundation.[11] It was again renamed in 1982 when First Interstate Bank assumed sponsorship, and it became the First Interstate Bank Athletic Foundation.[14][15]

When the Helms Foundation dissolved, its historical holdings were absorbed into the collection of the Amateur Athletic Foundation, renamed the LA84 Foundation in 2007.

National championship selections

Basketball

The champions from 1900–01 through 1918–19 were selected retroactively in 1957.[16] Those from 1919–20 through 1941–42 were selected retroactively in 1943.[2][17][16]

The Helms Foundation began releasing Schroeder's national championship selections for college basketball in 1943, when in February 1943 it published his retroactive picks for the national champion for each year from the 1919–20 through 1941–42 seasons.[2][17][16] Later in 1943, Schroeder picked a national basketball champion for the 1942–43 season, and he continued to select national basketball champions for the Helms Foundation annually through the 1981–82 season, its final year of selections.[18] In 1957, the Helms Foundation also released Schroeder's retroactive picks for the college basketball champions for the 1900–1901 through 1918–19 seasons.[16] The retroactive Helms national championships from 1900–01 through 1941–42 were the well-researched opinions of one person about teams that played during an era when, due to factors outside their control (e.g., minimal schedules, lack of intersectional play, differing rule interpretations, minimal statistics), it is difficult to know or assess the relative strength of the teams.[18]

The National Invitation Tournament began play in 1938 and the NCAA tournament in 1939; until at the least the mid-1950s, the NIT was widely considered the more prestigious of the two.[19] When Schroeder made his first set of retroactive championship picks in February 1943, he chose the NIT winner as the national champion for 1938 and 1939; for 1940, he chose USC (which won neither tournament that year); and for 1941 and 1942 he chose the NCAA Tournament winners as the national champion. After he began making annual picks in 1943, he selected the NCAA Tournament winner in every year except 1944 (when he picked undefeated Army, which won neither tournament) and 1954 (when he picked undefeated Kentucky, which won neither tournament). Thus, through the final Helms selection in 1982, NCAA Tournament winners Oregon (1939), Indiana (1940), Utah (1944), and La Salle (1954) were the only NCAA champions that were not also Helms champions. Some schools claim a Helms selection as a national championship.[lower-alpha 1]

Year	Team	Record
1900–01	Yale	10–4
1901–02	Minnesota	15–0
1902–03	Yale	15–1
1903–04	Columbia	17–1
1904–05	Columbia	19–1
1905–06	Dartmouth	16–2
1906–07	Chicago	21–2
1907–08	Chicago	23–2
1908–09	Chicago	12–0
1909–10	Columbia	11–1
1910–11	St. John's	14–0
1911–12	Wisconsin	15–0
1912–13	Navy	9–0
1913–14	Wisconsin	15–0
1914–15	Illinois	16–0
1915–16	Wisconsin	20–1
1916–17	Washington State	25–1
1917–18	Syracuse	16–1
1918–19	Minnesota	13–0
1919–20	Penn	21–1
1920–21	Penn	21–2
1921–22	Kansas	16–2
1922–23	Kansas	17–1
1923–24	North Carolina	26–0
1924–25	Princeton	21–2
1925–26	Syracuse	19–1
1926–27	Notre Dame	19–1
1927–28	Pittsburgh	21–0
1928–29	Montana State	36–2
1929–30	Pittsburgh	23–2
1930–31	Northwestern	16–1
1931–32	Purdue	17–1
1932–33	Kentucky	21–3
1933–34	Wyoming	26–4
1934–35	NYU	19–1
1935–36	Notre Dame	22–2–1
1936–37	Stanford	25–2
1937–38	Temple	23–2
1938–39	Long Island	23–0
1939–40	USC	20–3
1940–41	Wisconsin	20–3
1941–42	Stanford	27–4
1942–43	Wyoming	31–2
1943–44	Army	15–0
1944–45	Oklahoma A&M	27–4
1945–46	Oklahoma A&M	31–2
1946–47	Holy Cross	27–3
1947–48	Kentucky	36–3
1948–49	Kentucky	32–2
1949–50	CCNY	24–5
1950–51	Kentucky	32–2
1951–52	Kansas	28–3
1952–53	Indiana	23–3
1953–54	Kentucky	25–0
1954–55	San Francisco	28–1
1955–56	San Francisco	29–0
1956–57	North Carolina	32–0
1957–58	Kentucky	23–6
1958–59	California	25–4
1959–60	Ohio State	25–3
1960–61	Cincinnati	27–3
1961–62	Cincinnati	29–2
1962–63	Loyola (IL)	29–2
1963–64	UCLA	30–0
1964–65	UCLA	28–2
1965–66	Texas Western	28–1
1966–67	UCLA	30–0
1967–68	UCLA	29–1
1968–69	UCLA	29–1
1969–70	UCLA	28–2
1970–71	UCLA	29–1
1971–72	UCLA	30–0
1972–73	UCLA	30–0
1973–74	NC State	30–1
1974–75	UCLA	28–3
1975–76	Indiana	32–0
1976–77	Marquette	25–7
1977–78	Kentucky	30–2
1978–79	Michigan State	26–6
1979–80	Louisville	33–3
1980–81	Indiana	26–9
1981–82	North Carolina	32–2
Source

Football

The NCAA recognizes the Helms Athletic Foundation as a "major selector" of college football national championships in their official records book.[20]

The champions for 1883 through 1940 were selected retroactively.[20]

Year	Team	Record
1883	Yale	8–0
1884	Yale	8–0–1
1885	Princeton	9–0
1886	Yale	9–0–1
1887	Yale	9–0
1888	Yale	13–0
1889	Princeton	10–0
1890	Harvard	11–0
1891	Yale	13–0
1892	Yale	13–0
1893	Princeton	11–0
1894	Yale	16–0
1895	Penn	14–0
1896	Princeton	10–0–1
1897	Penn	15–0
1898	Harvard	11–0
1899	Harvard	10–0–1
1900	Yale	12–0
1901	Michigan	11–0
1902	Michigan	11–0
1903	Princeton	11–0
1904	Penn	12–0
1905	Chicago	11–0
1906	Princeton	9–0–1
1907	Yale	9–0–1
1908	Penn	11–0–1
1909	Yale	10–0
1910	Harvard	8–0–1
1911	Princeton	8–0–2
1912	Harvard	9–0
1913	Harvard	9–0
1914	Army	9–0
1915	Cornell	9–0
1916	Pittsburgh	8–0
1917	Georgia Tech	9–0
1918	Pittsburgh	4–1
1919	Harvard	9–0–1
1920	California	9–0
1921	Cornell	8–0
1922	Cornell	8–0
1923	Illinois	8–0
1924	Notre Dame	10–0
1925	Alabama	10–0
1926	Alabama Stanford	9–0–1 10–0–1
1927	Illinois	7–0–1
1928	Georgia Tech	10–0
1929	Notre Dame	9–0
1930	Notre Dame	10–0
1931	USC	10–1
1932	USC	10–0
1933	Michigan	7–0–1
1934	Minnesota	8–0
1935	Minnesota	8–0
1936	Minnesota	7–1
1937	California	10–0–1
1938	TCU	11–0
1939	Texas A&M	11–0
1940	Stanford	10–0
1941	Minnesota	8–0
1942[21]	Wisconsin	8–1–1
1943	Notre Dame	9–1
1944[22]	Army	9–0
1945	Army	9–0
1946	Army Notre Dame	9–0–1 8–0–1
1947	Notre Dame Michigan	9–0 10–0
1948	Michigan	9–0
1949	Notre Dame	10–0
1950[23]	Oklahoma	10–1
1951	Michigan State	9–0
1952	Michigan State	9–0
1953	Notre Dame	9–0–1
1954	UCLA Ohio State	9–0 10–0
1955	Oklahoma	11–0
1956	Oklahoma	10–0
1957	Auburn	10–0
1958	LSU	11–0
1959	Syracuse	11–0
1960[24]	Washington	10–1
1961[25]	Alabama	11–0
1962[26]	USC	11–0
1963[27]	Texas	11–0
1964[28]	Arkansas	11–0
1965[29]	Michigan State	10–1
1966[30]	Notre Dame Michigan State	9–0–1 9–0–1
1967[31]	USC	10–1
1968	Ohio State	10–0
1969[32]	Texas	11–0
1970[33]	Nebraska	11–0–1
1971	Nebraska	13–0
1972	USC	12–0
1973	Notre Dame	11–0
1974	Oklahoma USC	11–0 10–1–1
1975[34]	Ohio State Oklahoma	11–1 11–1
1976	Pittsburgh	12–0
1977	Notre Dame	11–1
1978[35]	Alabama Oklahoma USC	11–1 11–1 12–1
1979[36]	Alabama	12–0
1980[37]	Georgia	12–0
1981	Clemson	12–0
1982	Penn State SMU	11–1 11–0–1
Source[20]

"A 'championship' is something that is won, most generally on the field of play against direct competition. A 'title' is something that is given or awarded by someone else, in honor of an achievement or as a designation of being considered the best at something. While it is generally true that winning a championship also involves a title being associated with it, the converse does not always hold. In many cases, a title can be given without a formal championship or competition being held at all. In other words, being awarded a title does not necessarily confer that a championship was even present much less attained. In earlier years of collegiate basketball, there are many titles that can be claimed, some which are associated with winning a tournament (e.g. NCAA Tournament or NIT) and some which are not (Associated Press #1, highest attendance, top Sagarin Rating). The latter do not constitute a championship. It is into this group that the Helms title falls."[18] — Jon Scott, BigBlueHistory.net

Pro Football Hall of Fame

Helms Athletic Foundation selected players, coaches and administrators from 1950 through 1960 to its pro football hall of fame.[38][39][40][41] Contrary to other halls of fame, some members were selected during their active playing/coaching careers.

Dan Reeves wasn't inducted to the hall, but he did received a "special award" for his "contribution to professional football in Los Angeles" during the 1950 inaugural class ceremony.[42]

Year	Inductee	Pro Team(s)	Contribution	Pro Football Hall of Fame?
1950	Cliff Battles	Boston Braves / Boston Redskins / Washington Redskins (1932–1937)	Player	Yes
1950	Sammy Baugh	Washington Redskins (1937–1952)	Player	Yes
1950	Joe F. Carr	NFL Commissioner (1921–1939)	Contributor	Yes
1950	Dutch Clark	Portsmouth Spartans / Detroit Lions (1931–1932; 1934–1938)	Player	Yes
1950	Paddy Driscoll	Hammond All-Stars (1917) Hammond Pros (1919) Racine / Chicago Cardinals (1920–1925) Chicago Bears (1926–1929)	Player	Yes
1950	Turk Edwards	Boston Braves / Redskins / Washington Redskins (1932–1940)	Player	Yes
1950	Ray Flaherty	Los Angeles Wildcats (1926) New York Yankees (1927–1928) New York Giants (1929, 1931–1935)	Player	Yes
1950	Dan Fortmann	Chicago Bears (1936–1943)	Player	Yes
1950	Red Grange	Chicago Bears (1925, 1929–1934) New York Yankees (1926–1927)	Player	Yes
1950	George Halas	Boston Braves / Redskins / Washington Redskins (1932–1940)	Player Coach	Yes
1950	Mel Hein	New York Giants (1931–1945)	Player	Yes
1950	Bill Hewitt	Chicago Bears (1932−1936) Philadelphia Eagles (1937−1939) Steagles (1943)	Player	Yes
1950	Clarke Hinkle	Green Bay Packers (1932–1941)	Player	Yes
1950	Cal Hubbard	New York Giants (1927–1928, 1936) Green Bay Packers (1929–1933, 1935) Pittsburgh Pirates (1936)	Player	Yes
1950	Don Hutson	Green Bay Packers (1935–1945)	Player	Yes
1950	Curly Lambeau	Green Bay Packers (1920–1949)	Coach	Yes
1950	Tuffy Leemans	New York Giants (1936–1943)	Player	Yes
1950	Sid Luckman	Chicago Bears (1939–1950)	Player	Yes
1950	Bronko Nagurski	Chicago Bears (1930–1937, 1943)	Player	Yes
1950	Ernie Nevers	Duluth Eskimos (1926–1927) Chicago Cardinals (1929–1931)	Player	Yes
1950	Steve Owen	New York Giants (1931–1949)	Coach	Yes
1950	Ken Strong	Staten Island Stapletons (1929–1932) New York Giants (1933–1935, 1939, 1944–1947) New York Yankees (1936–1937) Jersey City Giants (1938, 1940)	Player	Yes
1950	Joe Stydahar	Chicago Bears (1936–1942; 1945–1946)	Player	Yes
1950	Jim Thorpe	Canton Bulldogs (1915–1917, 1919–1920,1926) Cleveland Indians (1921) Oorang Indians (1922–1923) Rock Island Independents (1924) New York Giants (1925) Rock Island Independents (1925) Tampa Cardinals (1926) Chicago Cardinals (1928)	Player	Yes
1950	George Trafton	Decatur Staleys / Chicago Staleys / Chicago Bears (1920–1921, 1923–1932)	Player	Yes
1951	John McNally	Milwaukee Badgers (1925–1926) Duluth Eskimos (1926–1927) Pottsville Maroons (1928) Green Bay Packers (1929–1933, 1935–1936) Pittsburgh Pirates (1934, 1937–1938) Buffalo Tigers (1941)	Player	Yes
1951	Arnie Herber	Green Bay Packers (1930–1940) New York Giants (1944–1945)	Player	Yes
1951	Bulldog Turner	Chicago Bears (1940–1951)	Player	Yes
1951	Pete Henry	Canton Bulldogs (1920–1923, 1925–1926) New York Giants (1927) Pottsville Maroons (1927–1928)	Player	Yes
1952[43]	Greasy Neale[44]	Philadelphia Eagles (1941–1950)	Coach	No
1952	Al Nesser	Columbus Panhandles (1910–1919, 1921) Canton Professionals (1914) Akron Pros (1920–1925) Cleveland Bulldogs (1925) Akron Indians (1926) Cleveland Panthers (1926) New York Giants (1926–1928) Cleveland Indians (1931)	Player	No
1952	Alex Wojciechowicz	Detroit Lions (1938–1946) Philadelphia Eagles (1946–1950)	Player	Yes
1952	Frankie Albert	Los Angeles Bulldogs (1945) San Francisco 49ers (1946–1952)	Player	No
1952	Bob Waterfield	Cleveland / Los Angeles Rams (1945–1952)	Player	Yes
1952	Sammy Baugh	Washington Redskins (1937–1952)	Player	Yes
1957	Tony Canadeo	Green Bay Packers (1941–1944; 1946–1952)	Player	Yes
1957	Lou Groza	Cleveland Browns (1946–1959, 1961–1967)	Player	Yes
1957	Elroy Hirsch	Chicago Rockets (1946–1948) Los Angeles Rams (1949–1957)	Player	Yes
1957	Ed Sprinkle	Chicago Bears (1944–1955)	Player	Yes
1957	Doak Walker	Detroit Lions (1950–1955)	Player	Yes
1959	Charlie Conerly	New York Giants (1948–1961)	Player	No
1959	George Musso	Chicago Bears (1933–1944)	Player	Yes
1959	Ray Bray	Chicago Bears (1939–1942, 1946–1951) Green Bay Packers (1952)	Player	No
1959	George Preston Marshall	Washington Redskins owner (1932-1959)	Contributor	Yes
1960	Jim Benton	Cleveland / Los Angeles Rams (1938–1940, 1942; 1944–1947) Chicago Bears (1943)	Player	No
1960	Bill Dudley	Pittsburgh Steelers (1942, 1945–1946) Detroit Lions (1947–1949) Washington Redskins (1950–1951, 1953)	Player	Yes
1960	Link Lyman	Canton / Cleveland Bulldogs (1922–1925) Frankford Yellow Jackets (1925) Chicago Bears (1926–1928, 1930–1931, 1933–1934)	Player	Yes
1960	George McAfee	Chicago Bears (1940–1941, 1945–1950)	Player	Yes
1960	Emlen Tunnell	New York Giants (1948–1958) Green Bay Packers (1959–1961)	Player	Yes
1960	Y. A. Tittle	Baltimore Colts (1948–1950) San Francisco 49ers (1951–1960) New York Giants (1961–1964)	Player	Yes
1960	Chuck Bednarik	Philadelphia Eagles (1949–1962)	Player	Yes
1960	Norm Van Brocklin	Los Angeles Rams (1949–1957) Philadelphia Eagles (1958–1960)	Player	Yes
1960	Buck Shaw	San Francisco 49ers (1946–1954) Philadelphia Eagles (1958–1960)	Coach	No
????	Otto Graham	Cleveland Browns (1946–1955)	Player	Yes

World Trophy

The World Trophy, originally known as the Helms Award,[45] was an annual sporting award established by the Helms Athletic Foundation in 1939 to honor the foremost amateur athlete of each continent of the world, including Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, and South America.[46] Even though the organization was established in 1936, the awards date back to 1896, the year of the first Summer Olympics.

Winners:

World Trophy for Australasia
World Trophy for Africa
World Trophy for Asia
World Trophy for Europe
World Trophy for North America
World Trophy for South America

References

"Famed sportsman, Paul Helms, dies". The Birmingham News. Birmingham, Alabama. Associated Press. January 6, 1957. Retrieved November 15, 2022.
"Helms Athletic Foundation Collegiate Basketball Record Part II (preface)" (Press release). Los Angeles: Helms Athletic Foundation. February 1943. Archived from the original on July 7, 2012. Retrieved December 14, 2015.
Thus, the name was a misnomer, as there actually was no foundation in place to sustain the operation.
Jares, Joe (September 7, 1970). "A Baker's Dream Needs Dough". Sports Illustrated. pp. 18–21. Retrieved November 22, 2022. Sparked by a sports fanatic and sponsored by a Los Angeles baker, the Helms Hall achieved world renown, but it soon may be only history too, for it can find no new backers and eviction day is coming.
Thomas, Pete (December 24, 1987). "Bill Schroeder, 83, Dies; Began Helms Museum". The Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles. Retrieved November 15, 2022.
McBride, C. E. (January 13, 1951). Written at Los Angeles. "Two Men's Love of Athletics Led to the Helms Foundation". The Kansas City Star. Kansas City. Retrieved November 17, 2022. Bill Schroeder had an idea for promoting sports competitions and presenting awards and Paul Helms had wealth to make the program possible.
Jenkins, Dan (September 11, 1967), "This Year The Fight Will Be in the Open", Sports Illustrated, Chicago, IL: Time Inc., vol. 27, no. 11, pp. 28–34, retrieved March 16, 2016, The director of Helms since its beginning, Bill Schroeder, did the work, and he now heads the committee that selects No. 1 after the bowl games. "A committee of one—me," he says.
McConnell, Jim (August 19, 2008). "Helms bread rose from Olympic ties". Long Beach Press Telegram. Long Beach, California. Retrieved November 17, 2022.
"Twenty-One Greats to be Enshrined in PCL Hall of Fame". Pacific Coast League. Retrieved 2007-01-17.
Cumming, M. (1966). The Powerless Ones: Gliding in Peace and War. Frederick Muller Ltd., London
Drooz, Alan (January 15, 1981). "New Home Being Sought for Southland's Sports Hall of Fame". Los Angeles Times. p. 12. Retrieved December 4, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
Hall, John (August 31, 1976). "So Help Me". Los Angeles Times. Part III, p. 2. Retrieved December 4, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
"Raymond Lewis, Verbum Dei Guard, Named Top CIF 'AAA' Basketball Player For '71 Season" (Press release). United Savings–Helms Athletic Foundation. March 24, 1971. Retrieved December 4, 2020.
"RALPH SAMPSON, JAMES WORTHY TOP 1982 COLLEGE BASKETBALL ALL-AMERICA TEAM SELECTIONS" (Press release). First Interstate Bank Athletic Foundation. April 3, 1982. Retrieved May 2, 2020.
"Templeton Makes Public Apology, Rejoins Cardinals for Road Trip". Los Angeles Times. September 15, 1981. Part III, p. 4. Retrieved December 4, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
"Slants on Sports: Helms Foundation Basketball". Wisconsin State Journal. Madison, Wisconsin. June 8, 1962. Retrieved November 19, 2022. The selections cover from 1900 to the present, but they have been made annually only since 1943. The 1920–1942 selections were made early in 1943, and the 1900–1920 data was not compiled until 1957, and then only after exhaustive study.
"Wildcats of 1933". Lexington Herald–Leader. Lexington, Kentucky. February 25, 1943. Retrieved November 15, 2022.
Scott, Jon (Nov 9, 2010). "The truth behind the Helms Committee". Retrieved 14 December 2015.
Anonymous, "How the NCAA Overtook Its Rival, the NIT," Sport History Weekly, March 24, 2019 Accessed May 4, 2021
"National Champion Major Selections (1896 to Present)". 2020 NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision Records (PDF). Indianapolis: The National Collegiate Athletic Association. July 2020. pp. 112–114. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 1, 2020. Retrieved January 12, 2021.
"Badgers Rated Nation's No. 1". Wisconsin State Journal. Madison, Wisconsin. January 11, 1943. Retrieved November 18, 2022.
Written at Los Angeles. "Name Army Gridmen National Champions". Republican and Herald. Pottsville, Pennsylvania. United Press. January 11, 1945. Retrieved November 18, 2022.
"Helms Board Tabs Bagnell Year's Best". The Los Angeles Mirror. Los Angeles. December 11, 1950. Retrieved November 18, 2022. the Helms board selected Oklahoma as mythical national champion
Written at Los Angeles. "Group Names Huskies Best". Spokane Chronicle. Spokane. Associated Press. January 14, 1961. Retrieved November 22, 2022.
"Helms Selects Alabama No. 1". The Montgomery Advertiser. Montgomery, Alabama. January 6, 1962. Retrieved November 1, 2022.
"USC Selected By Helms Group". Herald and News. Klamath Falls, Oregon. January 10, 1963. Retrieved November 14, 2022.
"Ho Hum; 'Horns Receive Another No. 1 Rating". The Austin American. Austin, Texas. January 7, 1964. Retrieved November 14, 2022.
"Hogs To Receive Helms Trophy". Northwest Arkansas Times. Fayetteville, Arkansas. February 3, 1965. Retrieved November 1, 2022.
"State Still Grid Champion". Lansing State Journal. Lansing, Michigan. January 9, 1966. Retrieved November 14, 2022.
Written at Los Angeles. "Helms Foundation Votes Irish And State Co-Champs". Battle Creek Enquirer. Battle Creek, Michigan. Associated Press. January 15, 1967. Retrieved November 2, 2022.
Written at Los Angeles. "Helms Picks Trojans As No. 1 Grid Team". The Sacramento Bee. Sacramento, California. Associated Press. January 16, 1968. Retrieved November 2, 2022.
Written at Los Angeles. "'Horns Hang Helms Award On Crowded Trophy Tree". Austin American–Statesman. Austin, Texas. January 9, 1970. Retrieved November 2, 2022.
"Huskers Claim Helms Trophy". Lincoln Journal Star. Lincoln, Nebraska. January 7, 1971. Retrieved November 1, 2022. The United Savings–Helms Athletic Foundation college football national championship trophy will be presented to Nebraska in the near future.
"Citizens Savings Athletic Foundation 1975". The Daily Oklahoman. Oklahoma City. January 9, 1976. Retrieved November 14, 2022. The Citizens Savings Athletic Foundation, formerly known as the Helms Athletic Foundation, has named Oklahoma and Ohio State national co-champions for the 1975 season.
"Citizens Savings Athletic Foundation 1978". Alabama Journal. Montgomery, Alabama. January 10, 1979. Retrieved November 15, 2022.
"Citizens Savings Athletic Foundation 1979". The Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles. January 9, 1980. Retrieved November 15, 2022.
"Citizens Savings Athletic Foundation 1980". The Sacramento Bee. Sacramento. January 7, 1981. Retrieved November 15, 2022.
Written at Los Angeles. "Helms Foundation Starts Football Hall Of Fame". Arizona Republic. Phoenix, Arizona. Associated Press. August 2, 1950. Retrieved February 9, 2023. The Helms Hall board, consisting of seven Los Angeles area sports editors, selected 25 of the "greatest professional footballers of all time" as the first to be honored.
Written at Los Angeles. "Hirsch Named to Hall of Fame". Honolulu Advertiser. Honolulu, Hawaii. United Press. November 9, 1957. Retrieved February 9, 2023.
Williams, Coy (August 21, 1959). "Elect George Marschall to Pro Hall of Fame". Los Angeles Mirror. Retrieved February 9, 2023.
Written at Los Angeles. "8 Gridders Make Pro Hall of Fame". Honolulu Star–Bulletin. Honolulu, Hawaii. United Press International. January 10, 1961. Retrieved February 9, 2023.
"Helms Honors 25 Pro Greats". Los Angeles Times. August 10, 1950. p. IV-3 – via Newspapers.com.
Written at Los Angeles. "Wojciechowicz, Nesser And Neale Are Named To Pro Hall Of Fame". The Modesto Bee. Modesto, California. United Press. October 7, 1952. Retrieved February 13, 2023.
Helms Hall — Hall of Fame Award honoring Earle Neale (Award Plaque). Los Angeles: Helms Athletic Foundation. Archived from the original on February 10, 2023. Retrieved February 10, 2023.
"All-Round Australians". The Age. December 19, 1999. p. Sport-12. Retrieved May 14, 2020 – via Newspapers.com. Also captained South Australia in Australian Rules state matches six times, and his CV included rave reviews as a baseballer, golfer and player of tennis, billiards and lacrosse, winning the World Trophy (formerly the Helms Award).
"Helms Athletic Foundation" (PDF). Bulletin du Comite International Olympique. No. 25. 1951. pp. 26–28.

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[20] "A 'championship' is something that is won, most generally on the field of play against direct competition. A 'title' is something that is given or awarded by someone else, in honor of an achievement or as a designation of being considered the best at something. While it is generally true that winning a championship also involves a title being associated with it, the converse does not always hold. In many cases, a title can be given without a formal championship or competition being held at all. In other words, being awarded a title does not necessarily confer that a championship was even present much less attained. In earlier years of collegiate basketball, there are many titles that can be claimed, some which are associated with winning a tournament (e.g. NCAA Tournament or NIT) and some which are not (Associated Press #1, highest attendance, top Sagarin Rating). The latter do not constitute a championship. It is into this group that the Helms title falls."[18] — Jon Scott, BigBlueHistory.net

[PaulHelmsObitAP-1] "Famed sportsman, Paul Helms, dies". The Birmingham News. Birmingham, Alabama. Associated Press. January 6, 1957. Retrieved November 15, 2022.

[1943HelmsPrefacePartII-2] "Helms Athletic Foundation Collegiate Basketball Record Part II (preface)" (Press release). Los Angeles: Helms Athletic Foundation. February 1943. Archived from the original on July 7, 2012. Retrieved December 14, 2015.

[3] Thus, the name was a misnomer, as there actually was no foundation in place to sustain the operation.

[BakersDreamNeedsDough-4] Jares, Joe (September 7, 1970). "A Baker's Dream Needs Dough". Sports Illustrated. pp. 18–21. Retrieved November 22, 2022. Sparked by a sports fanatic and sponsored by a Los Angeles baker, the Helms Hall achieved world renown, but it soon may be only history too, for it can find no new backers and eviction day is coming.

[BillSchroederObit-5] Thomas, Pete (December 24, 1987). "Bill Schroeder, 83, Dies; Began Helms Museum". The Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles. Retrieved November 15, 2022.

[LoveOfAthletics-6] McBride, C. E. (January 13, 1951). Written at Los Angeles. "Two Men's Love of Athletics Led to the Helms Foundation". The Kansas City Star. Kansas City. Retrieved November 17, 2022. Bill Schroeder had an idea for promoting sports competitions and presenting awards and Paul Helms had wealth to make the program possible.

[JenkinsSI-7] Jenkins, Dan (September 11, 1967), "This Year The Fight Will Be in the Open", Sports Illustrated, Chicago, IL: Time Inc., vol. 27, no. 11, pp. 28–34, retrieved March 16, 2016, The director of Helms since its beginning, Bill Schroeder, did the work, and he now heads the committee that selects No. 1 after the bowl games. "A committee of one—me," he says.

[HelmsBreadOlympicTies-8] McConnell, Jim (August 19, 2008). "Helms bread rose from Olympic ties". Long Beach Press Telegram. Long Beach, California. Retrieved November 17, 2022.

[9] "Twenty-One Greats to be Enshrined in PCL Hall of Fame". Pacific Coast League. Retrieved 2007-01-17.

[10] Cumming, M. (1966). The Powerless Ones: Gliding in Peace and War. Frederick Muller Ltd., London

[drooz_01151981-11] Drooz, Alan (January 15, 1981). "New Home Being Sought for Southland's Sports Hall of Fame". Los Angeles Times. p. 12. Retrieved December 4, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.

[12] Hall, John (August 31, 1976). "So Help Me". Los Angeles Times. Part III, p. 2. Retrieved December 4, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.

[13] "Raymond Lewis, Verbum Dei Guard, Named Top CIF 'AAA' Basketball Player For '71 Season" (Press release). United Savings–Helms Athletic Foundation. March 24, 1971. Retrieved December 4, 2020.

[14] "RALPH SAMPSON, JAMES WORTHY TOP 1982 COLLEGE BASKETBALL ALL-AMERICA TEAM SELECTIONS" (Press release). First Interstate Bank Athletic Foundation. April 3, 1982. Retrieved May 2, 2020.

[15] "Templeton Makes Public Apology, Rejoins Cardinals for Road Trip". Los Angeles Times. September 15, 1981. Part III, p. 4. Retrieved December 4, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.

[HelmsBasketballReview1962-16] "Slants on Sports: Helms Foundation Basketball". Wisconsin State Journal. Madison, Wisconsin. June 8, 1962. Retrieved November 19, 2022. The selections cover from 1900 to the present, but they have been made annually only since 1943. The 1920–1942 selections were made early in 1943, and the 1900–1920 data was not compiled until 1957, and then only after exhaustive study.

[1943HelmsBBpicks-17] "Wildcats of 1933". Lexington Herald–Leader. Lexington, Kentucky. February 25, 1943. Retrieved November 15, 2022.

[jps-18] Scott, Jon (Nov 9, 2010). "The truth behind the Helms Committee". Retrieved 14 December 2015.

[sportshistoryweekly-19] Anonymous, "How the NCAA Overtook Its Rival, the NIT," Sport History Weekly, March 24, 2019 Accessed May 4, 2021

[NCAA_2020_Major_Selectors-21] "National Champion Major Selections (1896 to Present)". 2020 NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision Records (PDF). Indianapolis: The National Collegiate Athletic Association. July 2020. pp. 112–114. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 1, 2020. Retrieved January 12, 2021.

[Helms1942-22] "Badgers Rated Nation's No. 1". Wisconsin State Journal. Madison, Wisconsin. January 11, 1943. Retrieved November 18, 2022.

[Helms1944-23] Written at Los Angeles. "Name Army Gridmen National Champions". Republican and Herald. Pottsville, Pennsylvania. United Press. January 11, 1945. Retrieved November 18, 2022.

[Helms1950andPrevious-24] "Helms Board Tabs Bagnell Year's Best". The Los Angeles Mirror. Los Angeles. December 11, 1950. Retrieved November 18, 2022. the Helms board selected Oklahoma as mythical national champion

[Helms1960-25] Written at Los Angeles. "Group Names Huskies Best". Spokane Chronicle. Spokane. Associated Press. January 14, 1961. Retrieved November 22, 2022.

[1961HAF-26] "Helms Selects Alabama No. 1". The Montgomery Advertiser. Montgomery, Alabama. January 6, 1962. Retrieved November 1, 2022.

[1962HAF-27] "USC Selected By Helms Group". Herald and News. Klamath Falls, Oregon. January 10, 1963. Retrieved November 14, 2022.

[1963HAF-28] "Ho Hum; 'Horns Receive Another No. 1 Rating". The Austin American. Austin, Texas. January 7, 1964. Retrieved November 14, 2022.

[1964HAF-29] "Hogs To Receive Helms Trophy". Northwest Arkansas Times. Fayetteville, Arkansas. February 3, 1965. Retrieved November 1, 2022.

[1965HAF-30] "State Still Grid Champion". Lansing State Journal. Lansing, Michigan. January 9, 1966. Retrieved November 14, 2022.

[1966HAF-31] Written at Los Angeles. "Helms Foundation Votes Irish And State Co-Champs". Battle Creek Enquirer. Battle Creek, Michigan. Associated Press. January 15, 1967. Retrieved November 2, 2022.

[1967HAF-32] Written at Los Angeles. "Helms Picks Trojans As No. 1 Grid Team". The Sacramento Bee. Sacramento, California. Associated Press. January 16, 1968. Retrieved November 2, 2022.

[1969HAF-33] Written at Los Angeles. "'Horns Hang Helms Award On Crowded Trophy Tree". Austin American–Statesman. Austin, Texas. January 9, 1970. Retrieved November 2, 2022.

[1970HAF-34] "Huskers Claim Helms Trophy". Lincoln Journal Star. Lincoln, Nebraska. January 7, 1971. Retrieved November 1, 2022. The United Savings–Helms Athletic Foundation college football national championship trophy will be presented to Nebraska in the near future.

[1975HAF-35] "Citizens Savings Athletic Foundation 1975". The Daily Oklahoman. Oklahoma City. January 9, 1976. Retrieved November 14, 2022. The Citizens Savings Athletic Foundation, formerly known as the Helms Athletic Foundation, has named Oklahoma and Ohio State national co-champions for the 1975 season.

[1978HAF-36] "Citizens Savings Athletic Foundation 1978". Alabama Journal. Montgomery, Alabama. January 10, 1979. Retrieved November 15, 2022.

[1979HAF-37] "Citizens Savings Athletic Foundation 1979". The Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles. January 9, 1980. Retrieved November 15, 2022.

[1980HAF-38] "Citizens Savings Athletic Foundation 1980". The Sacramento Bee. Sacramento. January 7, 1981. Retrieved November 15, 2022.

[HelmsProFootballHOF1950-39] Written at Los Angeles. "Helms Foundation Starts Football Hall Of Fame". Arizona Republic. Phoenix, Arizona. Associated Press. August 2, 1950. Retrieved February 9, 2023. The Helms Hall board, consisting of seven Los Angeles area sports editors, selected 25 of the "greatest professional footballers of all time" as the first to be honored.

[HelmsProFootballHOF1957-40] Written at Los Angeles. "Hirsch Named to Hall of Fame". Honolulu Advertiser. Honolulu, Hawaii. United Press. November 9, 1957. Retrieved February 9, 2023.

[HelmsProFootballHOF1959-41] Williams, Coy (August 21, 1959). "Elect George Marschall to Pro Hall of Fame". Los Angeles Mirror. Retrieved February 9, 2023.

[HelmsProFootballHOF1960-42] Written at Los Angeles. "8 Gridders Make Pro Hall of Fame". Honolulu Star–Bulletin. Honolulu, Hawaii. United Press International. January 10, 1961. Retrieved February 9, 2023.

[43] "Helms Honors 25 Pro Greats". Los Angeles Times. August 10, 1950. p. IV-3 – via Newspapers.com.

[HelmsProFootballHOF1952-44] Written at Los Angeles. "Wojciechowicz, Nesser And Neale Are Named To Pro Hall Of Fame". The Modesto Bee. Modesto, California. United Press. October 7, 1952. Retrieved February 13, 2023.

[HelmsHallOfFameAwardEarleNeale-45] Helms Hall — Hall of Fame Award honoring Earle Neale (Award Plaque). Los Angeles: Helms Athletic Foundation. Archived from the original on February 10, 2023. Retrieved February 10, 2023.

[46] "All-Round Australians". The Age. December 19, 1999. p. Sport-12. Retrieved May 14, 2020 – via Newspapers.com. Also captained South Australia in Australian Rules state matches six times, and his CV included rave reviews as a baseballer, golfer and player of tennis, billiards and lacrosse, winning the World Trophy (formerly the Helms Award).

[olympic-47] "Helms Athletic Foundation" (PDF). Bulletin du Comite International Olympique. No. 25. 1951. pp. 26–28.