Chloric acid

Chloric acid, HClO3, is an oxoacid of chlorine, and the formal precursor of chlorate salts. It is a strong acid (pKa ≈ −2.7) and an oxidizing agent.

Chloric acid
Chloric acid
Chloric acid
Names
Other names
Chloric(V) acid
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.029.303
EC Number
  • 232-233-0
UNII
UN number 2626
  • InChI=1/ClHO3/c2-1(3)4/h(H,2,3,4)
    Key: XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYAG
  • O[Cl+2]([O-])[O-]
Properties
HClO3
Molar mass 84.45914 g mol−1
Appearance colourless solution
Density 1 g/mL, solution (approximate)
>40 g/100 ml (20 °C)
Acidity (pKa) −2.7[1]
Conjugate base Chlorate
Structure
pyramidal
Hazards
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards
 Oxidant, Corrosive
GHS labelling:
GHS03: OxidizingGHS05: Corrosive
Danger
H271, H314
P210, P220, P221, P260, P264, P280, P283, P301+P330+P331, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P306+P360, P310, P321, P363, P370+P378, P371+P380+P375, P405, P501
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704 four-colored diamond
3
0
2
OX
Related compounds
Other anions
 bromic acid
iodic acid
Other cations
 ammonium chlorate
sodium chlorate
potassium chlorate
Related compounds
 hydrochloric acid
hypochlorous acid
chlorous acid
perchloric acid
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references

Properties

Chloric acid is thermodynamically unstable with respect to disproportionation.

Chloric acid is stable in cold aqueous solution up to a concentration of approximately 30%, and solution of up to 40% can be prepared by careful evaporation under reduced pressure. Above these concentrations, chloric acid solutions decompose to give a variety of products, for example:

8 HClO3 → 4 HClO4 + 2 H2O + 2 Cl2 + 3 O2
3 HClO3 → HClO4 + H2O + 2 ClO2

Hazards

Chloric acid is a powerful oxidizing agent. Most organics and flammables will deflagrate on contact.

Production

It can be prepared by the reaction of sulfuric acid with barium chlorate, the insoluble barium sulfate being removed by precipitation:

Ba(ClO3)2 + H2SO4 → 2 HClO3 + BaSO4

Another method is the heating of hypochlorous acid, producing chloric acid and hydrogen chloride:

3 HClO → HClO3 + 2 HCl

See also

References
  1. Holleman, Arnold F.; Wiberg, Egon; Wiberg, Nils (2007). Lehrbuch der anorganischen Chemie (in German). Berlin. ISBN 978-3-11-017770-1. OCLC 180963521.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.
  • R. Bruce King, ed. (1994). "Chloric acid". Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry. Vol. 2. Chichester: Wiley. p. 658. ISBN 0-471-93620-0.
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