Chervonohrad

Chervonohrad (Ukrainian: Червоноград, pronounced [t͡ʃerwonoˈɦrɑd]; ) is a mining city and the administrative center of Chervonohrad Raion, Lviv Oblast of western Ukraine. It hosts the administration of Chervonohrad urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.[1] Chervonohrad lies about 62 km north of Lviv, 7 km from Sokal, 28 km northeast of the town of Voroniv, and has a population of 64,297 (2022 estimate).[2]

Chervonohrad
Червоноград
City
Flag of Chervonohrad
Flag
Coat of arms of Chervonohrad
Coat of arms
Chervonohrad is located in Lviv Oblast
Chervonohrad
Chervonohrad
Location of Chervonohrad in Ukraine
Chervonohrad is located in Ukraine
Chervonohrad
Chervonohrad
Chervonohrad (Ukraine)
Coordinates: 50°23′12″N 24°13′44″E
Country Ukraine
Oblast Lviv Oblast
Raion Chervonohrad Raion
HromadaChervonohrad urban hromada
Founded1951
Government
 • MayorAndriy Zalivsky
Area
 • Total37.6 km2 (14.5 sq mi)
Elevation
150 m (490 ft)
Population
 (2022)
 • Total64,297
 • Density1,700/km2 (4,400/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+2 (EET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+3 (EEST)
Sister citiesBékéscsaba

History
Potocki palace
Basilian Monastery in Chervonohrad

The city was part of the Polish Kingdom in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth since its foundation in 1692 until 1772, when it was incorporated into the Habsburg Empire. During the interwar period, it belonged to the Second Polish Republic, and between 1945 and 1951 was part of the Polish People's Republic. It passed from Poland to the Ukrainian SSR after the territorial exchange in 1951 and had its name changed to Chervonohrad.

In May 1685, the Crown hetman and Kraków Voivode Feliks Kazimierz Potocki purchased land along the Bug River. In 1692, he founded a city on the lands of the village "Novyi Dvir" (literally "New Garden", Polish: Nowy Dwór) and named it "Krystynopol" after his wife Krystyna Lubomirska (the suffix "-pol" derives from Greek "polis"[3]). Potocki made the city his family center. He died here on September 22, 1702. His grandson Franciszek Salezy Potocki built a palace and in 1763 founded a monastery of Basilians (barocco church of Saint George; prior to 1946 – a place of miracles with wondrous icon of the Mother of God).[4]

The Church of the Holy Spirit (built in the 1750s).

In the 19th century, the "Apostolus Christinopolitanus" and famous chronicle from 1763 to 1779 were kept in the city. The Catholic order of Myrrh-Bearing Sisters was founded by Fr. Yulian Datsii in 1910, with the purpose of gathering funds to build a home for orphans and the poor. The first members of the congregation vowed to build two buildings: one for the people and one for the congregation. In 1913 the first convent arose, where 15 sisters lived.

Among the landmarks of the city is Count Potocki's palace, constructed by the order of Feliks Kazimierz Potocki after 1692.[4]

A local newspaper is published in the city since June 1962.[5]

On August 1, 1990, Chervonohrad became the first city in the Soviet Union where a monument to Vladimir Lenin was removed.[6]

Until 18 July 2020, Chervonohrad was designated as a city of oblast significance and belonged to Chervonohrad Municipality. As part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Lviv Oblast to seven, Chervonohrad Municipality was merged into newly established Chervonohrad Raion.[7][8] Before being abolished, Chervonohrad Municipality also included the city of Sosnivka (until 2019) and the urban type settlement of Hirnyk.

Krystynopol Jews

Presently, there are 11–100 Jews residing in Chervonohrad. The earliest known Jewish community dates back to 1740. In 1931 the Jewish population was 2,200. The Jewish cemetery dates from 18th century with the last known Hasidic burial in 1941. Krystynopol Jews were deported to the Belzec extermination camp in September, 1942. The Jewish surname and rabbinical family Kristinopoler / Kristianpoller stem from the city's former name, Krystynopol. Jewish immigrants to America from this city founded the Krystenopoler Synagogue and First Krystenopoler Sick Benevolent Association Brith Isaac in New York. The Jewish cemetery is located in the town center, in Shevska Street.

Economics
The interior of St. Volodymyr Church (built in the 1770s).

Since 1951 the city became the center of newly emerged coal mining basin. Other enterprises, besides the mining works, include:

  • Iron-Beton Foundry
  • Wood Processing Plant
  • Tailoring Factory
  • Stockings Factory
  • Mines
  • Dairy

Chervonohrad Coal Mines

Chervonohrad was started as a coal mining town. Currently, there are still many functional coal mines on the outskirts around the city:

  1. Шахта «Червоноградська»
  2. Шахта «Великомостівська»
  3. Шахта «Межирічанська»
  4. Шахта «Надія»
  5. Шахта «Степова»
  6. Шахта «Лісова»
  7. Шахта «Відродження»
  8. Шахта «Зарічна»
  9. Шахта «Візейська»

Education

Population

The population of Chervonohrad has increased significantly since 1939.

  • 1939 — 3,000
  • 1959 — 19,000
  • 1970 — 54,000
  • 1974 — 61,000
  • 1981 — 78,000
  • 1989 — 89,000
  • 2001 — 85,500
  • 2005 — 83,400
  • 2010 — 82,900[9][10]
  • 2013 — 83,600

Notable people
painting of Stanisław Szczęsny Potocki from 1790

Sport

Postal codes

80100-80110

References
  1. "Червоноградская городская громада" (in Russian). Портал об'єднаних громад України.
  2. Чисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2022 [Number of Present Population of Ukraine, as of January 1, 2022] (PDF) (in Ukrainian and English). Kyiv: State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 July 2022.
  3. Karpluk, Maria (1993). Mowa naszych przodków: podstawowe wiadomości z historii języka polskiego do końca XVIII w (in Polish). TMJP. p. 46.
  4. Syrtsov, Oleksandr (June 2013). "The Donbas of Halychyna" (PDF). The Ukrainian Week. № 11 (53): 34–35 – via Tyzhden.
  5. № 2942. «Новости Прибужья» = «Новини Прибужжя» // Летопись периодических и продолжающихся изданий СССР 1986 - 1990. Часть 2. Газеты. М., «Книжная палата», 1994. стр.386
  6. (in Ukrainian) The first Lenin fell in 1990: how the idol of communism was dropped, Gazeta.ua (8 December 2018)
  7. "Про утворення та ліквідацію районів. Постанова Верховної Ради України № 807-ІХ". Голос України (in Ukrainian). 2020-07-18. Retrieved 2020-10-03.
  8. "Нові райони: карти + склад" (in Ukrainian). Міністерство розвитку громад та територій України.
  9. http://world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x%3D%26men%3Dgpro%26lng%3Den%26des%3Dwg%26geo%3D-3730%26srt%3Dnpan%26col%3Dabcdefghinoq%26msz%3D1500%26pt%3Dc%26va%3D%26geo%3D505388423. Retrieved 2010-12-01. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  10. "UKRAINE : Urban population". Archived from the original on 2015-03-17. Retrieved 2010-12-01.
  11. Bain, Robert Nisbet (1911). "Potocki, Stanislaw Felix" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 22 (11th ed.). pp. 208–209.
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