Cheng Wei-yuan

Cheng Wei-yuan (traditional Chinese: 鄭為元; simplified Chinese: 郑为元; pinyin: Zhèng Wèiyuán; 20 January 1913 – 3 August 1993) was a Taiwanese politician. He was the only Minister of National Defense (1987-1989) with the complete personal achievements in all the 4 power systems (Kuomintang, Politics, Military and Intelligence) in the ROC history. Being one of the few top-rank KMT generals sympathizing the victims by the Martial Law operation during White Terror and supporting the democratic modernization trend of the state;[1] he kept the open-mind policy of communication to cooperate with the demands of parliament, media and societies, including the subtle relation with the newly founded Democratic Progressive Party.[2]

In this Chinese name, the family name is Cheng.
Cheng Wei-yuan
鄭為元
Ministry of National Defense of the Republic of China
In office
29 April 1987 – 4 December 1989
Preceded byWang Dao-yuan
Succeeded byHau Pei-tsun
Personal details
Born20 January 1913
Anhwei
Died3 August 1993(1993-08-03) (aged 80)
Taipei, Taiwan
NationalityRepublic of China
Political partyKuomintang
Military service
Branch/serviceRepublic of China Army
Minister Cheng endorsed Pres. Chiang’s decree to lift the Martial Law in 1987
Order of Blue Sky and White Sun with Grand Cordon Ribbon

Biography

1930s
  • 1930: Travelled south to join the Infantry study in the ROC Military Academy after high school graduation.
  • 1933: Graduated with honour being selected as a lieutenant training officer for cadet platoons, and the German translator of the Academy.
  • 1936: Studied and practised in Italian Army; promoted as a training supervisor in captain rank.

1940s
  • 1940: Graduated from University of Perugia; promoted to the major rank as a battalion commander of the advanced infantry officer academy.
  • 1944: Transferred as a regiment commander in lieutenant-colonel rank during WWII.
  • 1945: Participated multiple counter-strike battles to recover Guangxi province.
  • 1946: Transferred as a leader of G2 (Intelligence) section of Ministry of National Defense (MND) in colonel rank after the war.
  • 1947: Dispatched to the United States as a military attaché.
  • 1948: Dispatched to the Italy as a military attaché.
  • 1949: Returned G2 as a commissioner.

1950s
  • 1950: Promoted to the major-general rank.
  • 1951: Promoted as the Chief of G5 Bureau of MND.
  • 1953: Transferred as 14th Division Commander of ROC Army.
  • 1954: Transferred as the Chief Staff Officer of the 1st Army Group.
  • 1955: Promoted as the Commander of the 2nd Army.
  • 1956: Studied in United States Army Command and General Staff College.
  • 1957: Returned as the Chief of the G3 (Operation) section of MND; supervised the fortress construction in Kinmen and Matsu Islands.
  • 1958: Promoted to the lieutenant-general rank as the Assistant Deputy Chief of Staff of MND in charge of support operations during Second Taiwan Strait Crisis.
  • 1959: Promoted as the Chief of G1 (Personnel) Bureau of MND, then the Chief of Staff of ROC Army.

1960s
  • 1961: Promoted as the Commander of ROC Marine Corps.
  • 1964: Transferred as the Commander of the 1st Army Group.
  • 1966: Promoted to the General rank as a Deputy Chief of General Staff of MND.
  • 1967: Transferred as the Deputy Commander of ROC Army.
  • 1969: Promoted as the Premier Deputy Chief of General Staff (CEO) of MND.

1970s

1980s
  • 1981: Retired in term of the military career in order to perform civil services.
  • 1982: Nominated the Minister of Veterans Affairs Commission (VAC), Chairman of Chinese Taipei Olympic Committee, Chairman of Chinese Amateur Athletic Federation.[4] During his term in VAC, ROC Arm Forces reformed with significant downsizing to adapt the world situation change in 80s, Cheng devoted all resources to assist retired veterans transforming to civilian life in society, such as the paratrooper veteran association...
  • 1983: After a visit to the Chinese refugee camps in northern Thailand, Cheng dispatched the veteran technician mission to northern Thailand to assist farming, vegetable and fruit agriculture to replace the traditional opium production of the Golden Triangle area, and the success earned the welcoming praise of His Majesty Rama IX in 1984.[5]
  • 1987: Shortly after taking Minister term in MND on April 28, Cheng arrived in Kinmen with a special envoy of the Political Warfare Bureau conducting the field investigation and excavation discovering the victim civilian cadavers at the first scene to solve the criminal case of Lieyu Massacre on 23 May, which lead to 30 involved officers under the Kinmen Defense Command detained to court-martial, and 45 related officers received the administrative sanction transfer.[6] Later on 14 July, he also endorsed the historical decree of President Chiang Ching-kuo to end the notorious 38-year Martial law ruling period to pave the foundation for the democratic reform in Taiwan.[7] MND also accordingly abolished 30 relevant special laws and regulations based on the Martial Law, and granted the commutation or release of the related current prisoners sentenced by courts-martial under the authorities.[8][9]
  • 1988: On 14 January, 17 hours after the death of President Chiang Ching-kuo, Minister Cheng and General Hau dispatched the public telegram on behalf of 22 commanding generals declaring the allegiance to Vice President Lee Teng-hui, and supported him following the procedure of Constitution to succeed the presidency, which delayed the internal power struggle within Kuomintang core and prevented the emerging crisis of Coup d'état by Madame Chiang Kai-shek's influences.[10]
  • On May 1, President Lee accepted Cheng's proposal to release the falsely accused General Sun Li-jen after 33 years of house arrest by Chiang Sr. and Jr.[5]

Legend

Minister Cheng always maintained the gentlemanship attitude with positive humour in response to smooth chaotic situation, such as once being confronted by a legislator famous for the violent behavior pattern at the time, he replied with a poet piece by Master Su Shi 927 years ago.[13][5]

He was awarded the Order of Blue Sky and White Sun by President Lee Teng-hui to appreciate his contribution to the military reform and democracy,[14] [15] nonetheless he remained the humble attitude in respect to the state, hence requested his family not to show off the medal in the public memorial as per the ROC military custom after his death.[16][5]

See also

References
  1. Wang Cheng-zhi (1987). "Cheng_Wei-yuan talking about budget the national defense and budget" (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Taiwan Panorama. Retrieved 2021-06-17.
  2. Zheng Jing; Cheng Nan-jung; Ye Xiangzhi; Xu Manqing (13 June 1987). "金門守軍殺人事件驚人內幕" [Shocking inside story of the Kinmen Military Murder Case] (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Taipei: Freedom Era Weekly Vol. 175-176. Retrieved 25 July 2022 – via Oneup Network Oneup Network.
  3. He Chang-fa (2017-02-16). "Taiwan Football will never forget started with Cheng Wei-yuan". ETtoday News.
  4. "Introduction of CTOC History". Chinese Taipei Olympic Committee.
  5. Tsai, Meng-jian (1995). "Database of Chinese Celebrity Bigrophies in 20th Century - Memorial to the Intellectual Virtues of General Cheng Wei-yuan, Vol. 67, Issue 1" (in Simplified Chinese). Biographical Literature. Retrieved 2021-06-17 – via Graduate Institute of Historical Research, Fudan University.
  6. Wen-xiao Liu, Editor-in-chief of «WPN Tactics» and «Wings of China»,"Kinmen Defense Commander talks on the Donggang Incident", Wings of China film database, Nov. 3, 2019
  7. Art. 3, <Act on the Security and Assistance for Kinmen, Matsu, Pratas, and Spratly Islands> (金門馬祖東沙南沙地區安全及輔導條例), version in effect from 7 November 1992, to 12 May 1994. "Centenary Anniversary Archive of Founding the Kinmen County". Special Monthly Edition of Kinmen Daily News. 29 September 2014. Retrieved 9 August 2019.
  8. Xue Hua-yuan. "<Revised Chronicle of Taipei City> Memorabilia" (PDF) (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Archives Committee, Taipei City Government. Retrieved 2021-06-17.
  9. Lin Buo-jian (2020-07-15). "<On This Day: Taiwan Ended the Martial Law Period After 38 Years and 2 Months>" (in Chinese (Taiwan)). CTS News and Info. Retrieved 2021-06-17.
  10. Luo Ke-san (1988-02-01). "Behind the Scenes of Hau Pei-tsun's Strong Support to Lee Teng-hui" (in Chinese (Taiwan)). 雷聲週刊. Retrieved 2021-06-17.
  11. "The DPP Debates Taiwan's Future: China Does Not Have Sovereignty over Taiwan" (PDF). Taiwan Communique. International Committee for Human Rights in Taiwan. May 1988. Retrieved 15 August 2018.
  12. "ROC defense minister visits Singapore". Taiwan Today. 8 February 2010. Retrieved 15 August 2018.
  13. Yang Guang-sheng (1988-10-15). "Cheng Wei-yuan 0002399628". National Repository of Cultural Heritage (NRCH). Huayi Digital Art Co., Ltd.
  14. "陸軍二級上將鄭為元" [Army General Cheng Wei-yuan] (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Taipei: Wuzhi Mountain Military Cemetery. Retrieved 24 July 2022.
  15. "戰功庇蔭後代 「免死金牌」 傳黃百韜獨子換一命" [War merit extends to cover the descendant - Order of Blue Sky and White Sun granted immunity on the only son of Gen. Huang Baitao from death penalty] (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Taipei: China Times. 6 July 2013. Retrieved 24 July 2022 – via Yahoo! News.
  16. 曹常璧 (29 August 2012). "《我們的國家我們的黨》勳章蒙灰記" ["Our Country, Our Party" Memoir of Medals in Ashes] (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Taoyuan, Taiwan : 馬祖資訊網. Retrieved 2022-07-24.
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