Cercles of Mali
A cercle is the second-level administrative unit in Mali. Mali is divided into eight régions and one capital district (Bamako); the régions are subdivided into 49 cercles. These subdivisions bear the name of their principal city.
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During French colonial rule in Mali, a cercle was the smallest unit of French political administration that was headed by a European officer. A cercle consisted of several cantons, each of which in turn consisted of several villages. In 1887, the Cercle of Bafoulabé was the first cercle to be created in Mali. In most of former French West Africa, the term cercle was changed to prefecture or department after independence, but this was not done in Mali.
Some cercles (and the district) were, prior to the 1999 local government reorganisation, further divided into arrondissements, especially in urban areas or the vast northern regions (such as Kidal), which consisted of a collection of communes. Since these reforms, cercles are now directly subdivided into rural and urban communes, which in turn are divided in quartiers (quarters, or villages and encampments in rural areas) which have elected councils at each level.[1] There are 703 communes, 36 urban communes (including six in Bamako District) and 667 rural communes.[2] The cercles are listed below.
Kayes Region
Koulikoro Region
Mopti Region
Ségou Region
Sikasso Region
Tombouctou Region
See also
References
- La Délégation Générale aux Elections, Government of Mali: Archived September 22, 2008, at the Wayback Machine database of all registered electors in Mali (2007), includes a hierarchical list of every cercle, commune, and quarter in the nation.
- Loi N°99-035/ Du 10 Aout 1999 Portant Creation des Collectivites Territoriales de Cercles et de Regions (PDF) (in French), Ministère de l'Administration Territoriales et des Collectivités Locales, République du Mali, 1999, archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-03-09, retrieved 2012-05-04.
- MATCL - Ministère de l'Administration Territoriale et des Collectivités Locales: government of the Republic of Mali.
- Mali
- Maplibrary: vector maps of national subdivisions of Mali.
- Regions, Cercles and Places in Mali, African Development Information Services Database. Contains listing of Arrondissements under each Cercle page, as well as some Communes and places of interest in each Cercle.
Colonial usage
- Benton, Lauren: Colonial Law and Cultural Difference: Jurisdictional Politics and the Formation of the Colonial State in Comparative Studies in Society and History, Vol. 41, No. 3 (Jul., 1999)
- Crowder, Michael: West Africa Under Colonial Rule Northwestern Univ. Press (1968) ASIN: B000NUU584
- Crowder, Michael: Indirect Rule: French and British Style Africa: Journal of the International African Institute, Vol. 34, No. 3 (Jul., 1964)
- Mortimer, Edward France and the Africans, 1944–1960, A Political History (1970)
- Jean Suret-Canele. French Colonialism in Tropical Africa 1900–1945. Trans. Pica Press (1971)