Carlos Arias Navarro

Carlos Arias Navarro, 1st Marquess of Arias Navarro (11 December 1908 – 27 November 1989) was the prime Minister of Spain during the final years of the Francoist dictatorship and the beginning of the Spanish transition to democracy.

In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Arias and the second or maternal family name is Navarro.
The Most Excellent
The Marquess of Arias Navarro
GE
Prime Minister of Spain
In office
31 December 1973 – 1 July 1976
MonarchJuan Carlos I (from 22 November 1975)
LeaderFrancisco Franco
(1973–1975)
DeputyJosé García Hernández
(acting)
Fernando de Santiago y Díaz
(1975–1976)
Preceded byTorcuato Fernández-Miranda
Succeeded byAdolfo Suárez González
Minister of Government
In office
9 June 1973 – 3 January 1974
Prime MinisterLuis Carrero Blanco
Torcuato Fernández-Miranda (acting)
Preceded byTomás Garicano Goñi
Succeeded byJosé García Hernández
Mayor of Madrid
In office
5 February 1965 – 12 June 1973
Preceded byJosé Finat y Escrivá de Romaní
Succeeded byMiguel Ángel García-Lomas
Director General of State Security
In office
25 June 1957 – 5 February 1965
PresidentFrancisco Franco
Preceded byRafael Hierro Martínez
Succeeded byMariano Tortosa Sobejano
Personal details
Born
Carlos Arias Navarro

(1908-12-11)11 December 1908
Madrid, Spain
Died27 November 1989(1989-11-27) (aged 80)
Madrid, Spain
Resting placeMingorrubio Cemetery
Political partyFET y de las JONS
(1936–1977)
Popular Alliance
(1977–1989)
People's Party
(1989)
SpouseMaría de la Luz del Valle y Menéndez
Signature

Arias Navarro was a hardline politician and was involved in the White Terror, having signed thousands of death warrants during the dismantling of the Spanish Republic. Later, he was a more moderate leader during his premiership.[1]

Early life

Arias Navarro was born in Madrid on 11 December 1908. He served in the Ministry of Justice since 1929 as attorney in Málaga and Madrid.

Francoist Spain
Arias Navarro and Franco in 1975

Arias was close to the right-wing sectors and joined the Francoist side during the Spanish Civil War. He was public prosecutor in the trials set up by the Francoists in Málaga[2] after the conquest of the city. There, he earned the nickname the "Butcher of Málaga" (Carnicero de Málaga)[3] for his role in the imposition of capital punishment to true or perceived sympathizers of the Republicans,[4] In one of the harshest repressions following the Francoist victory, an estimated total of 17,000 people were summarily executed.[5][6][7]

He married María de la Luz del Valle y Menéndez, without issue.[8]

After serving in various positions, including Mayor of Madrid from 1965 to June 1973, Arias became Minister of Government (Minister of the Interior) in June 1973. After the assassination of Prime Minister (Presidente del Gobierno) Luis Carrero Blanco he was appointed his successor on 31 December 1973, a position he continued to hold after the death of Franco. Arias Navarro had the support of the Franco family, most notably Carmen Polo, and retained the post during the transition to democracy. However, the garroting of the Catalan anarchist Salvador Puig Antich in March 1974 had already shown his aversion to political liberalization, while other events, including the executions in September 1974, the organization of the Green March in November 1975 by King Hassan II of Morocco, and the illness and death of Franco (which Arias announced on television), displayed his weaknesses and further eroded his authority.

Franco's successor as head of state, King Juan Carlos I, continued his appointment, so that it was his government (which included Manuel Fraga Iribarne and José María de Areilza) that instituted the first reforms, however unwillingly. He tried to continue Franco's late policies, opposing any change. After a lengthy power struggle, Juan Carlos forced his resignation on 1 July 1976.

The next day, the King granted him the hereditary title of Marqués de Arias Navarro (English: Marquess of Arias Navarro), together with the dignity Grande de España (English: Grandee of Spain). On his death, the title of Marquess was inherited by his nephew Miguel Ángel Arias-Navarro.

Arias was succeeded by Adolfo Suárez, named general secretary of the Francoist official party Movimiento Nacional in December 1975. In June 1977, during the first free general elections held since 1936, Arias joined the Alianza Popular, a right-wing party created by Manuel Fraga. He then led the Búnker group of hard-liners opposed to any reforms, along with the leader of the Francoist party Fuerza Nueva, Blas Piñar. Arias, however, never again occupied a relevant position in the later Spanish government.

Both left and extreme right attacked him, calling him by the nickname "The Old Pusillanimous".

Later years

In his first democratic election the party joined Popular Alliance (AP), led by Manuel Fraga, being senate candidate for Madrid, but was not elected. He died on 27 November 1989 when he was 80 years of age from an infarction,[9] and was buried at Mingorrubio Cemetery in El Pardo.[10] His wife died in 1997.

Spain and Portugal

According to the Spanish daily El País,[11] files released by the US National Archives and Records Administration show that, following the left-wing Carnation Revolution coup in Portugal on 25 April 1974, Arias met with the United States Deputy Secretary of State Robert S. Ingersoll in March 1975 and offered to invade Portugal in order to stop the spread of communism. The report Ingersoll forwarded to the then-Secretary of State, Henry Kissinger, on 18 March, stated that "appropriate steps" were being taken to ensure that "the events in Portugal did not cross the border into Spain."

Ingersoll went on to add that Spain wanted Washington to support Spain in the event of war, precisely at a time when the US was renegotiating the status of its military bases, and Arias wanted Washington to support Spain's future membership of NATO.

References
  1. Ignacio Fontes; Manuel Ángel Menéndez: El parlamento de papel: La mirada gráfica, el enfoque literario, 2004, p. 126
  2. Beevor, Antony (2006). The Battle for Spain. Penguin. p. 560. ISBN 9781101201206.
  3. Thomas, Hugh (1976). Historia de la Guerra Civil Española. Random House Publishing. p. 636. ISBN 9780375755156.
  4. "Málaga XX, Historia de un siglo: La Segunda República y la Guerra Civil". Diario Sur (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 March 2019.
  5. Picón, José Luis (18 August 2008). "El "holocausto de Málaga"". Málaga Hoy (in Spanish). Joly Digital. Archived from the original on 21 August 2008. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
  6. Martín, Lucas (23 July 2008). "San Rafael: la mayor fosa del país". La Opinión de Málaga (in Spanish). Editorial Prensa Ibérica. Archived from the original on 8 December 2012. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
  7. Díaz, Arturo (4 October 2007). "Málaga, 1937". Publico (in Spanish). Display Connectors, S.L. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
  8. "Carlos Arias Navarro, 1. marqués de Arias Navarro". Geneall. Archived from the original on 20 May 2011. Retrieved 29 January 2014.
  9. "Carios Arias Navarro falleció ayer a los 80 años". El País (in Spanish). Madrid: Prisa. 28 November 1989. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
  10. "Arias Navarro, enterrado en El Pardo". El País (in Spanish). Madrid: Prisa. 29 November 1989. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
  11. El País 3 November 2008
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